KOI8-R
KOI8-R (RFC 1489) is an 8-bit character encoding derived from KOI-8 encoding, created by the programmer Andrei Chernov in 1993. It was designed to encode Russian letters, using the Russian subset of a Cyrillic script. KOI-8 is an extension of KOI-7 encoding, which inherited a phonetic correspondence of Russian, as well as Latin letters, from the MTK-2 teletype code. As a result, Russian Cyrillic letters in KOI8-R are in a pseudo-Latin alphabetical order, rather than a Cyrillic one, as in ISO 8859-5. This means that if the 8th bit is stripped, the text remains partially readable in any ASCII-based encoding (including KOI8-R itself) as a case-reversed transliteration. For example, "Код для обмена и обработки информации" (the Russian meaning of the "KOI" acronym) becomes: "kOD DLQ OBMENA I OBRABOTKI INFORMACII".
KOI-8 stands for: 8-bitnyy kod dlya obmena i obrabotki informatsii (Russian: 8-битный код для обмена и обработки информации), meaning "8-Bit Code for Information Interchange".[1] In Microsoft Windows, KOI8-R is assigned the code page number 20866. In IBM, KOI8-R is assigned code page 878.[2][3] KOI8-R also covers the Bulgarian alphabet.
It lacks proper quotation marks for both the Russian «...» and the Bulgarian „...“. Windows-1251 does support these among other, additional letters, and has thus become more popular. KOI8-R is used by less than 0.004% of websites, with the majority in Russia and Bulgaria. Unicode and UTF-8 are preferred to single-byte Cyrillic encodings in modern applications.
Character set
The following table shows the KOI8-R encoding. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point.[4]
| KOI8-R[5][6][7][8] | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| 0x | ||||||||||||||||
| 1x | ||||||||||||||||
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | [[Underscore|]] |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | ─ 2500 |
│ 2502 |
┌ 250C |
┐ 2510 |
└ 2514 |
┘ 2518 |
├ 251C |
┤ 2524 |
┬ 252C |
┴ 2534 |
┼ 253C |
▀ 2580 |
▄ 2584 |
█ 2588 |
▌ 258C |
▐ 2590 |
| 9x | ░ 2591 |
▒ 2592 |
▓ 2593 |
⌠ 2320 |
■ 25A0 |
∙ 2219 |
√ 221A |
≈ 2248 |
≤ 2264 |
≥ 2265 |
NBSP | ⌡ 2321 |
° 00B0 |
² 00B2 |
· 00B7 |
÷ 00F7 |
| Ax | ═ 2550 |
║ 2551 |
╒ 2552 |
ё 0451 |
╓ 2553 |
╔ 2554 |
╕ 2555 |
╖ 2556 |
╗ 2557 |
╘ 2558 |
╙ 2559 |
╚ 255A |
╛ 255B |
╜ 255C |
╝ 255D |
╞ 255E |
| Bx | ╟ 255F |
╠ 2560 |
╡ 2561 |
Ё 0401 |
╢ 2562 |
╣ 2563 |
╤ 2564 |
╥ 2565 |
╦ 2566 |
╧ 2567 |
╨ 2568 |
╩ 2569 |
╪ 256A |
╫ 256B |
╬ 256C |
© 00A9 |
| Cx | ю 044E |
а 0430 |
б 0431 |
ц 0446 |
д 0434 |
е 0435 |
ф 0444 |
г 0433 |
х 0445 |
и 0438 |
й 0439 |
к 043A |
л 043B |
м 043C |
н 043D |
о 043E |
| Dx | п 043F |
я 044F |
р 0440 |
с 0441 |
т 0442 |
у 0443 |
ж 0436 |
в 0432 |
ь 044C |
ы 044B |
з 0437 |
ш 0448 |
э 044D |
щ 0449 |
ч 0447 |
ъ 044A |
| Ex | Ю 042E |
А 0410 |
Б 0411 |
Ц 0426 |
Д 0414 |
Е 0415 |
Ф 0424 |
Г 0413 |
Х 0425 |
И 0418 |
Й 0419 |
К 041A |
Л 041B |
М 041C |
Н 041D |
О 041E |
| Fx | П 041F |
Я 042F |
Р 0420 |
С 0421 |
Т 0422 |
У 0423 |
Ж 0416 |
В 0412 |
Ь 042C |
Ы 042B |
З 0417 |
Ш 0428 |
Э 042D |
Щ 0429 |
Ч 0427 |
Ъ 042A |
See also
- KOI8-B, a derivation of KOI8-R with only the letter subset implemented
- KOI8-U, another derivative encoding which adds Ukrainian characters
- KOI character encodings
- RELCOM
- Windows-1251, another common Cyrillic character encoding
References
- ↑ (in Russian) ГОСТ 19768-74 (СТ СЭВ 358-76). Машины вычислительные и система обработки данных. Коды 8-битные для обмена и обработки информации.
- ↑ "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 00878 / Name: Russian internet koi8-r". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers.. IBM. https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00878.html.
- ↑ "CCSID information document; CCSID 878; KOI8-R CYRILLIC". IBM. https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid878.html.
- ↑ DevUtl. "KOI8-R Character Table & Reference" (in en-US). https://devutl.com/koi8-r-character-table/.
- ↑ "KOI8-R.TXT". 2016-01-04. http://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MISC/KOI8-R.TXT.
- ↑ Code Page CPGID 00878 (pdf), IBM, https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00878.pdf
- ↑ Code Page CPGID 00878 (txt), IBM, https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00878.txt
- ↑ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-878_P100-1996.ucm, 2002-12-03, https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-878_P100-1996.ucm
Further reading
- "Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_R - Conversion routines for KOI8-R". CPAN libintl-perl. 2016. http://search.cpan.org/~guido/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/RecodeData/KOI8_R.pm.
- "koi8-r (Russian U*IX encoding, also used by RELCOM)". http://www.kostis.net/charsets/koi8-r.htm.
- RFC 1489
- "KOI8-R (RFC 1489)". Kermit. Columbia University. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/charsets/koi8r.txt.
- "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1993-03-13. http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/charsets/cyrillic-summary.txt.
External links
- Universal Cyrillic decoder, an online program that may help recovering Cyrillic texts with broken KOI8-R or other character encodings.
- "The Home of the KOI8-R since 1995". 1995. http://koi8.pp.ru/main.html.
- "The Cyrillic Charset Soup". 1998-11-30. http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html.
- "Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form - Character Set (Code Page) Tables". http://www.iis.ru/cyrillic/resource/tables.en.html.
- "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". 2013. http://segfault.kiev.ua/cyrillic-encodings/.
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