Earth:Paleobiota of the Ciechocinek Formation

Short description: Geologic formation

Terrestrial environment of the Toarcian Fennoscandinavia, with flora based on the Sorthat Formation. Dinosaurs are based on material found on various locations of the German realm of the Ciechocinek Formation

The Ciechocinek Formation is a Jurassic (lower to middle Toarcian) geologic formation which extends across the Baltic coast from Grimmen, Germany , to Nida, Lithuania, with its major sequence in Poland and boreholes in Kaliningrad. Dinosaur species uncovered here, including Emausaurus and other unclassified genus.

In Poland, the main basin lacks marine microfauna. The Ciechocinek Formation in the Częstochowa-Zawiercie area reveals the remains of a wide range of prehistoric environments; the Fore-Sudetic Monocline region must have been an extensive bay similar to Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. The basin's shore zone was a flat, muddy, marshy coastal plain.

The region has the remains of the Wrêczyca River, which was active for most of the Pliensbachian/Toarcian period. At the Brody-Lubienia borehole (Lubienia), which once formed part of the river's east side, an alluvial system ended at a delta and discharged into a shallow marine bay and lagoon. A number of phyllopods and fossilized plant roots have been found here, where they were discharged by the river. Paleosol indicates that the lagoon had a maximum depth of about 6 metres (20 ft).

Foraminifera

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Abundance	Notes	Images
Lingulina	Lingulina tenera	Dobbertin	Shells	Abundant	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Lingulininae inside Nodosariinae. Reaches percentages of 25% in some samples
Nodosaria	Nodosaria dispar Nodosaria agglutinans Nodosaria elongata Nodosaria germanica Nodosaria hirsuta Nodosaria dispar Nodosaria mitis Nodosaria regularis Nodosaria simplex	Dobbertin	Shells	Diverse but Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Nodosariidae inside Nodosariinae. Despite its diversity is very scarce on most samples, with less than 1-2% of presence.
Dentalina	Dentalina deslongchampsi Dentalina primaeva Dentalina pseudocommunis Dentalina submucronata Dentalina subtenuicollis Dentalina tenuistriata Dentalina torta Dentalina vetusta	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki Dobbertin	Shells	Diverse but Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Nodosariidae inside Nodosariinae.
Rectoglandulina	Rectoglandulina oviformis Rectoglandulina sexcostata	Dobbertin	Shells	Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Nodosariidae inside Nodosariinae.
Lagena	Lagena globosa Lagena oxystoma Lagena globosa Lagena tenuicostata Lagena sp.	Dobbertin	Shells	Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Nodosariidae inside Nodosariinae.
Frondicularia	Frondicularia bicostata Frondicularia sulcata Frondicularia terquemi Frondicularia sp.	Dobbertin	Shells	Diverse but Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Nodosariidae inside Nodosariinae.
Stilostomella	Stilostomella? sp.	Dobbertin	Shells	One specimen	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Stilostomellidae inside Nodosariinae.
Lenticulina	Lenticulina acutiangulata Lenticulina müensteri Lenticulina varians Lenticulina sublaevis	Boża Wola Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska Dobbertin	Shells	Diverse but very Scarce	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Vaginulinidae inside Nodosarioidea.
Marginulina	Marginulina prima Marginulina simplex Marginulina oolithica	Dobbertin	Shells	Abundant	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Marginulininae inside Vaginulinidae. Marginulina prima reaches a 35% on a few samples
Vaginulina	Vaginulina anomala	Dobbertin	Shells	Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Vaginulininae inside Vaginulinidae.
Falsopalmula	Falsopalmula insignis	Dobbertin	Shells	Very Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Robuloididae inside Robuloidoidea.
Berthelinella	Berthelinella paradoxa	Dobbertin	Shells	Very Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Plectofrondiculariidae inside Polymorphinina.
Eoguttulina	Eoguttulina bilocularis Eoguttulina liassica Eoguttulina cf.simplex	Dobbertin	Shells	Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Polymorphininae inside Polymorphinina.
Bolivina	Bolivina liasica	Dobbertin	Shells	Abundant	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Bolivinidae inside Bolivinoidea. Reaches 40% of sampled foranimiferans on at least one sample
Glomospira'	Glomospira gordialis Glomospira sp.	Boża Wola Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska Dobbertin	Shells	Moderately present	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Usbekistaniinae inside Ammodiscidae. Its abundance is lower than other genera, yet reaches peaks of 5-10% in at least one sample.
Ophtalmidium	Ophtalmidium orbiculare Ophtalmidium carinatum Ophtalmidium sp.	Boża Wola Dobbertin	Shells	Present in low numbers	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Ophthalmidiidae inside Cornuspiroidea.
Cornuspira	Cornuspira orbicula	Dobbertin	Shells	Present in low numbers	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, type member of the family Cornuspirinae inside Cornuspiroidea.
Turrispirillina	Turrispirillina conoidea	Dobbertin	Shells	Very Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Spirillinidae inside Spirillinina.
Trochamminoides	Trochamminoides sp.	Dobbertin	Shells	Very Scarce	A marine/brackish Foraminiferan, member of the family Trochamminoidae inside Lituolida.
Ammobaculites	Ammobaculites vetusta Ammobaculites linea	Mechowo 1 Borehole	Shells	Abundant	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Ammomarginulininae inside Lituolidae.
Placopsilina	Placopsilina complanata	Mechowo 1 Borehole	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Lituoloidea inside Lituolida.
Haplophragmoides	Haplophragmoides tryssa Haplophragmoides platus Haplophragmoides sp.	Aleksandrów I Borehole Gorzów Wiepolski Mechowo 1 Borehole Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Shells	Diverse but rare	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Lituoloidea inside Lituolida.
Involutina	Involutina silicea	Aleksandrów I Borehole Krzyzskie	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Ammodiscinae inside Ammodiscina.
Ammodiscus	Ammodiscus glumaceous Ammodiscus orbis Ammodiscus cf. orbis	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Ammodiscinae inside Ammodiscina. Benthic foraminiferal successions heavily dominated by Ammodiscus and Trochammina are known from several Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic sediment packages along the Atlantic margin of northwestern Europe.
Trochammina	Trochammina sp Trochammina? sp	Pabianice Łutowiec Boża Wola Żarki Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Trochammininae inside Trochamminina. Small-sized Ammodiscus–Trochammina assemblages are found associated with delta-influenced shelf environment, where biota would have been stressed by intermittent periods with moderate hypoxia combined with lowered salinity and storm impacts.
Lagenammina	Lagenammina sp.	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Saccamminidae inside Astrorhizacea. Sometimes confused with the genus Arlagenammum.
Saccammina	Saccammina? sp	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Saccamminidae inside Astrorhizacea. Sometimes confused with the genus Arsaccammum or called Saccamina. The Local specimens are rather rare, incomplete and complicate to identify.
Crithionina	Crithionina sp.	Aleksandrów I Borehole Gorzów Wiepolski Mechowo 1 Borehole	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Saccamminidae inside Astrorhizacea.
Citharina	Citharina sp.	Boża Wola Gorzów Wiepolski	Shells	Rare	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Vaginulininae inside Nodosarioidea.

Dinoflagellates

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Abundance	Notes	Images
Nannoceratopsis	Nannoceratopsis senex Nannoceratopsis triceras Nannoceratopsis raunsgardii Nannoceratopsis ridingii	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Dinocysts	Dominant	A marine Dinophyceae Dinoflagellatan, type member of the family Nannoceratopsiaceae inside Nannoceratopsiales. The large amount of Cysts of the genus point to more diversified marine palaeoenvironments. N. senex is the most abundant. Locally Nannoceratopsis recovers series of marine transgressions and regressions, pointing to the presence of interbedding marine and brackish sediments.
Luehndea	Luehndea spinosa	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Dinocysts	Abundant	A marine Dinophyceae Dinoflagellatan, type member of the family Luehndeoideae inside Mancodiniaceae. Presence of Luehndea spinosa suggests Late Pliensbachian–earliest Toarcian age of studied assemblages. The marine dinoflagellate cyst Luehndea spinosa and foraminiferal linings were found only in the lower half of the Kozłowice succession.

Fungi

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Xylophagous Fungi	Morphotype A (Aseptae) Morphotype B (Sphaerical) Morphotype C (Sack-shaped) Morphotype D (Transverse septa)	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores Hyphae-like attachments	Saprophyte fungal Spores from Marine and Deltaic Settings associated with wood and Litter. The frequency of fungal spores on the Polish basin on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition is correlated with negative C isotope peaks and enhanced cuticular plant litter accumulation, pointing to the climate-driven enhanced decomposition of wood and rapid destruction of terrestrial carbon, which may have played an important role in the aggravation of the Jurassic Greenhouse disaster. Associated with a high rate of organic burial, the presence of Fungal Matter increased on the Uppermost layers of the Drzewica Formation, with a continued deposition between the T-OAE extinction, and several ups and downs on the Ciechocinek Formation, related with local climate and humidity changes. This is rather a reflection of the efficiency of terrestrial biodegradation. Measured increasing of temperature favored local fungal-mediated decomposition of plant litter, specifically of normally resistant wood. Observed fungal spores represent various morphotypes and resemble superficially other palynogenic detritus, such as spherical Prasinophyceae. In some cases spherical fungal spores show structures related to Hyphae attachments.	Spores found on the Polish are mostly from Saprophyte (wood decomposers) fungi, resembling the extant genera like Scutellinia, which are probably the main origin for the Fungal Spores found on the Ciechocinek Formation
Amerospores	Morphotype E (Amerospore)	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores	A Saprophyte fungus, member of the family Sordariomycetes inside Ascomycota. Non-filamentous spores with no septations and with no projections longer than the spore body. Related with the extant genus Poronia. Fungal spore peaks linked to a relative and absolute loss of wood suggest a prominent role of fungal wood decomposers.	Poronia punctata, an extant saprophyte fungus with Amerospores. Similar fungi probably liberated this spores on the Ciechocinek Formation
Phragmospores	Morphotype F (Phragmospores)	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores	A Saprophyte fungus, member of the class Dothideomycetes or Sordariomycetes inside Ascomycota. Spores with two or more transverse septa. Related with the extant genus Acanthostigma, facultative pathogen, or beneficial partner of many plant species. Local humidity, though sufficiently high for fungal development throughout the whole T-OAE interval, is therefore thought to have been of a lesser significance for dynamics of fungal decomposition than elevated temperature.	Leptosphaeria acuta, an extant wood fungus with phragmospores
Dictyosporiaceae	Morphotype G (Dictyospores)	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores	A freshwater anamorphic fungus, member of the order Pleosporales inside Pleosporomycetidae. Multicellular spore with septations that intersect in more than one plane. Characterized by being mostly aquatic lignicolous species with cheiroid, digitate, palmate, and/or dictyosporous conidia. Related with the extant genus Dictyosporium, recorded worldwide from dead wood, decaying leaves, and palm material.	Lophiostoma compressum, an extant wood fungus with dictyospores
Sporonites	Sporonites neddenii	Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole Blanowice Coals	Fungal Spores	A True Fungus, member of the clade Eumycota inside Eumycetes. It is found associated with Wood Cuticles, Pollen and Spores, interpreted as some sort of parasitism. This genus is found mostly associated with the Blanowice Brown Coals, especially on associated Boreholes.	Sporonites was probably related with a plant parasite fungus or a litter fungus, such as Dicranophora

Invertebrates

Ichnofossils

Genus	Species	Type	Location	Material	Origin	Notes	Images
Taenidium	Taenidium serpentinum	Fodinichnia	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Unlined meniscate burrows	Deposit-feeding Sipuncula Polychaetes Phoronidans	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Taenidium is a meniscate backfill structure, usually considered to be produced by an animal progressing axially through the sediment and depositing alternating packets of differently constituted sediment behind it as it moves forward.
Chondrites	Chondrites bollensis	Fodinichnia	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Small branching burrows	Sipunculans Polychaetes Enteropneustans Echiurans	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Interpreted as the feeding burrow of a sediment-ingesting animal. A more recent study has found that Scoloplos armiger and Heteromastus filiformis , occurring in the German Wadden Sea in the lower parts of tidal flats, make burrows that are homonymous with numerous trace fossils of the ichnogenus.	Illustration of Chondrites bollensis
Skolithos	Skolithos isp.	Domichnia	Müssentin gravel pit	Cylindrical strands with branches	Polychaetes Phoronidans	Blackish trace ichnofossils. Interpreted as dwelling structures of vermiform animals, more concretely the Domichnion of a suspension-feeding Worm or Phoronidan.
Megagrapton	Megagrapton isp.	Pascichnia	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Cylindrical strands with branches	Polychaetes Sipunculans Enteropneustans Echiurans	Saltwater/Blackish trace ichnofossils. Probably done by Polychaetes
Planolites	Planolites montanus Planolites beverleyensis	Pascichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Cylindrical or elliptical curved/tortuous trace fossils	Polychaetes Insects	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Planolites is really common in all types of the Ciechocinek Formation deposits. It is referred to vermiform deposit-feeders, mainly Polychaetes, producing active Fodinichnia. It is controversial, since is considered a strictly a junior synonym of Palaeophycus.	Example of Planolites fossil
Palaeophycus	Palaeophycus tubularis	Domichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Straight or gently curved tubular burrows.	Polychaetes Semiaquatic Insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera) Semiaquatic and non-aquatic Beetles.	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Palaeophycus is less common than Planolites in deposits of the Ciechocinek Formation. On the Kozlowice outcrop however there are numerous specimens occur, interpreted as the result of passive filling of polychaete burrows.	Example of Palaeophycus fossil
Helminthopsis	Helminthopsis isp.	Fodinichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Simple, unbranched, horizontal cylinder traces	Polychaetes Priapulids	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. There are a few specimens in the Kozlowice outcrop. It is interpreted as a grazing trail or Fodinichnia, produced at shallow depth in sediment by Polychaetes and Priapulids.	Example of Helminthopsis fossil
Gyrochorte	Gyrochorte isp.	Fodinichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Winding, horizontal, double ridge burrows, separated by a median groove.	Polychaetes (Pectinaria) Scaphopoda	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. On the Kozlowice strata, only a few specimens were observed. Gyrochorte is interpreted as a result of active digging on the sediment by a deposit-feeding worm-like animal, probably Annelid or similar kinds of creatures.
Protovirgularia	Protovirgularia isp.	Pasichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Bilobate trace fossil	Branchiopods Bivalves	Saltwater/Blackish and Freshwater bottom Trace Fossils. Protovirgularia is a Repichnia form, ascribed to the activity of Bivalves, leaving a trace due to the rhythmic action of a foot.
Spongeliomorpha	Spongeliomorpha isp.	Repichnia Fodichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Pawłowice 40 Borehole	Horizontal and subhorizontal, branching tunnels,cylindrical or elliptical in cross-section, displaying elongated striation on exterior of burrow casts	Crustaceans: Anomurans (Probably Eocarcinoidea) Decapodas (Probably Glypheidae)	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. On the Kozłowice section a series of sand-filled tunnels of Spongeliomorpha are preserved as Endichnia within mudstone, preserved as Tubular Tempestites (Storm-burrow filling), open tubes produced by animals burrowing in a stable, stiff or firm substrate. Here the tubes occur in one horizon with thin sandy laminae and lenses that represent isolated Starved Ripples carried on the muddy sea-floor by storm-generated Traction power network.
Teichichnus	Teichichnus isp.	Fodinichnia	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Vertical to oblique, unbranched or branched, elongated to arcuate spreite burrow	Polychaetes Dwelling Echiurans Dwelling Holothurians.	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Is common on the Pomerania Region. The overall morphology and details of the burrows, in comparison with modern analogues and neoichnological experiments, suggest Echiurans (spoon worms) or Holothurians (sea cucumbers) with a combined suspension- and deposit-feeding behaviour as potential producers.	Teichichnus burrows
Diplocraterion	Diplocraterion parallelum	Domichnia	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Parkoszowice 58 BN borehole Żuki ul. 88-2 Borehole Gorzków BN Borehole Bobolice 68-km Borehole Choroń 31-BN Borehole	U-shaped burrows	Polychaeta annelids (Axiothella, Abarenicola and Scolecolepis) Sipunculans (Sipunculus) Enteropneustans (Balanoglossus) Echiurans (Urechis).	Marine-Mangroove Vertical, U-shaped, single-spreite Burrows; unidirectional or bidirectional spreite, generally continuous, rarely discontinuous. Most Diplocraterion show only protrusive spreit, like the local ones, produced under predominantly erosive conditions where the organism was constantly burrowing deeper into the substrate as sediment was eroded from the top.	Diplocraterion parallelum diagram

Annelida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dictyothylakos	Dictyothylakos pesslerae Dictyothylakos "sp. Sing.1964"	Brody-Lubienia borehole Wolin IG-1 borehole Kaszewy 1 borehole Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Cocoons	Freshwater Clitellata Cocoons (Oligochaeta and Hirudinea), identified with palynological residues, and through to be tridimensional nets of probable algal origin. Fragmentary mesh-like networks of happiness threads composed of homogenous translucent material. They show the outer wall (hapsine) construction specific to clitellate annelids and lack an alytine (inner) layer. A disorderly meshwork of the hapsine layer and hapsine fibers of unequal thickness, are diagnostic of the type species Dictyothylakos pesslerae. The cocoons Dictyothylakos pesslerae resemble specially those of modern Leechs, and are common on flooded basin sediments, which implies not only the presence of parasitic leeches, but also the presence of large hosts nearby, as has been confirmed on the case of the Ciechocinek Formation, thanks to the presence of not only dinosaurs but also Dipnoi and other freshwater taxa.	Example of leech cocoon Placobdella, example of leech

Brachiopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Discina	Discina cornucopiae Discina papyracea Discina sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Cunchs	A Saltwater Brachiopodan, member of Discinidae inside Discinida. The classification of the Discinidae is rather treated with confusion, due to the description and the identification of either extinct and extant genera and species. The shells of this genus are the only identifiable brachiopods of the formation.

Bivalvia

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Bositra	Bositra buchii Bositra radiata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Ahrensburg	Shells	A Saltwater Oyster, member of "Posidoniidae" inside Ostreoida. A genus classified under "Posidonia bronni". Found usually associated with Driftwood.
Steinmannia	Steinmannia bronni Steinmannia radiata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Shells	A Saltwater Oyster, member of "Posidoniidae" inside Ostreoida. A genus classified under "Posidonia bronni".
Parallelodon	Parallelodon cypriniformis	Ahrensburg	Shells	A Saltwater Ark Clam, member of Parallelodontidae inside Arcida.
Tancredia	Tancredia elegans	Ahrensburg	Shells	A Saltwater Clam, member of Tancrediidae inside Cardiida.
Gresslya	Gresslya sp.	Ahrensburg	Shells	A Saltwater Clam, member of Ceratomyidae inside Pleuromyoidea.
Stalagmina	Stalagmina koeneni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Shells	A Saltwater Clam, member of Inoceramidae inside Myalinida. This genus resemble the Modern Pearl Oysters, although it was more likely a clam. The specimens are rather complete.
Parainoceramya	Parainoceramya dubia Parainoceramya amygdaloides Parainoceramya sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade	Shells	A Saltwater/Brackish Clam, member of Inoceramidae inside Myalinida. Pseudomytiloides dubius is a possible junior synonym. This genus resembles the Modern Pearl Oysters, although it was more likely a clam. The specimens are rather complete. It is the most common bivalve found locally. Is also very numerous in young specimens	Parainoceramya
Nucula	Nucula caecilia	Dobbertin	Shells	A Saltwater Clam, member of Nuculidae inside Nuculida.	Nucula
Lucina	Lucina plana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Shells	A Saltwater Clam, member of Lucinidae inside Lucinida. Very abundant on the layers	Lucina
Goniomya	Goniomya rhombifera	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Shells	A Saltwater Clam, member of Pholadomyidae inside Pholadomyida. Rather common, but less abundant than other local genera
Meleagrinella	Meleagrinella substriata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin clay pit Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Żarki 88-Z borehole Gorzków 43-BN borehole Choroń 31-BN borehole Bobolice 68-KM borehole	Shells	A Saltwater Scallop, member of Oxytomidae inside Pectinida. Depositional environments in the Polish Basin at this time did not host organisms normally associated with well-oxygenated marine conditions. Meleagrinella substriata is the most common bivalve found on the Toarcian Polish Basin, linked with all the brackish Deposits.	Meleagrinella
Eolamprotula	Eolamprotula cremeri Eolamprotula sp.	Żarnów Wąsosz Kuraszków Żarki 88-Z borehole Choroń 31-BN borehole	Shells	A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. Associated with plant detritus, likely washed from nearby mainland	Lamprotula

Gastropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Gastropoda	Gastropoda indet.	Żarnów Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Wąsosz Kuraszków Żarki 88-Z borehole Gorzków 43-BN borehole Choroń 31-BN borehole Bobolice 68-KM borehole	Shells	Brackish Snails of Uncertain affinity
Coelodiscus	Coelodiscus minutus	Clay pit of Dobbertin Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Müssentin gravel pit Ahrensburg	Shells	A holoplanktonic Snail, type member of the family Coelodiscidae inside Prosobranchia. This is the oldest known holoplanktonic gastropod, thanks to bilateral symmetrical shells as an adaption to active swimming. Also the most common of the sea snails on the Clay Pit of Dobbertin, where is one of the most varied in size terms, with some of the biggest specimens of this snail from the Lower Toarcian know. It has been related to large floating driftwood as one of the primary settlers.
Cerithium	Cerithium armatum Cerithium roeceri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Shells	A Sea Snail, member of Cerithiinae inside Caenogastropoda.	Cerithium
Turritella	Turritella sp.	Dobbertin	Shells	A Sea Snail, member of Turritellidae inside Cerithioidea.
Lioplacodes	Lioplacodes sp.	Żarnów Wąsosz Kuraszków	Shells	A Freshwater Snail, member of Viviparidae inside Architaenioglossa. Resembles Lioplacodes veternus
Gyraulus?	Gyraulus? sp.	Żarnów	Shells	A Freshwater/Terrestrial Snail, member of Planorbidae inside Planorboidea.	Gyraulus

Cephalopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Eleganticeras	Eleganticeras elegantulum Eleganticeras sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Hildoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Eleganticeras
Tiltoniceras	Tiltoniceras antiquum Tiltoniceras costatum Tiltoniceras acutum Tiltoniceras schroederi Tiltoniceras costatum Tiltoniceras capillatum Tiltoniceras sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Hildoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Tiltoniceras
Hildaites	Hildaites subserpentinus	Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Hildoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.
Whitbyiceras	Whitbyiceras pingue	Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Phymatoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.
Lobolytoceras	Lobolytoceras siemensi Lobolytoceras sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Lytoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Lobolytoceras
Pseudolioceras	Pseudolioceras lythense	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Harpoceratinae inside Ammonoidea.	Pseudolioceras
Dactylioceras	Dactylioceras athleticum Dactylioceras temperatum Dactylioceras attenuatum Dactylioceras tenuicostatum Dactylioceras semicelatum Dactylioceras cf. aequistriatum Dactylioceras eickenbergi Dactylioceras ernsti	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, type member of the family Dactylioceratinae inside Ammonoidea. Most common ammonite found on the Green Series and the different erratic boulders, as is the most common on the German realm, on the north and the south, with several specimens of different sizes.	Dactylioceras
Nodicoeloceras	Nodicoeloceras crassoides	Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, type member of the family Dactylioceratinae inside Ammonoidea.
Peronoceras	Peronoceras fibulatum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Dactylioceratinae inside Ammonoidea.
Phylloceras	Phylloceras heterophyllum	Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, type member of the family Phylloceratinae inside Ammonoidea.	Dactylioceras
Acrocoelites	Acrocoelites pyramidalis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Müssentin gravel pit	Multiple Specimens.	A Belemnoidean. member of the family Megateuthididae inside Belemnitida.	Acrocoelites
Beloteuthis	Beloteuthis schubleri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Multiple Specimens	A Mesoteuthoidean, member of the family Beloteuthidae. Is a relatively small genus.	Beloteuthis
Teudopsis	Teudopsis bollensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Few specimens	A Vampire Squid, member of Teudopsidae inside Vampyropodan. Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis.	Teudopsis
Jeletzkyteuthis	Jeletzkyteuthis coriaceus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Two Specimens	A Loligosepiidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha). Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Gladii of Loligosepia can be distinguished from Jeletzkyteuthis by the transition lateral field/hyperbolar zone. Described originally as Belopeltis bollensis.

Crustacea

Small indeterminate shrimps, sometimes found associated in great numbers, are recovered on several layers at Grimmen.

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Euestheria	Euestheria opalina Euestheria loczyi Euestheria brodieana Euestheria minuta Euestheria ziliujingensis Euestheria sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Lubienia Kozlowice Boroszów Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice Żarnów Warsaw Płońsk Boża Wola Lidzbark Warmiński Polessk Zakościele Dąbrówka Zakościtel Sielec Studzianna Przysucha Wąsosz Kuraszków	Valves	A Freshwater Clam shrimp (Phyllopodan) of the family Lioestheriidae. Originally identified as a bivalve of the genus "Posidonia" and latter a member of the genus Lioestheria. They fed on detritus, being very small slow moving, nektonic organisms that filter fed as they floated. Euestheria opalina dominates the invertebrate assamblages. The specimens are numerous here and form thin layers, being the most abundant invertebrate recovered on all the formation. The presence of Euestheria marks the appearance of less saline conditions, as this is a mostly freshwater genus. Is linked with beds where abundant freshwater algae covers the layers, being both probably washed from the nearby mainland trought streams. The local Phyllopods are related with a great amount of freshwater debris (especially plants), and suggest seasonal changes on the rivers on the Toarcian Polish Basin. On Kozłowice, there is an association of the ichnogenus Planolites and phyllopods of this genus, which reflects a gradual decline in water salinity during a sea level high standard regression.
Pseudograpta	Pseudograpta murchisoniae	Żarnów Wąsosz Kuraszków	Valves	A Freshwater Clam shrimp (Phyllopodan) of the family Eosestheriidae.
Glyphea	Glyphea liasina	Dobbertin	Isolated Molts Isolated Chelae	A Marine Decapodan, type member of the family Glypheidae inside Decapoda.	Glyphea
Proeryon	Proeryon hartmanni cf.Proeryon sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Isolated molts Single specimen with preserved upper thorax and chelae	A Marine Decapodan, member of the family Proeryoninae inside Polychelida. Resemble Proeryon hartmani show less adaptations to hunt for small nectobenthic preys than other relatives, being abundant on Oyster-filled waters. There is a relative abundance of the genus in deep-water settings from the Toarcian onward.	Proeryon
Liasina	Liasina lanceolata Liasina vestibulifera Liasina sp. A Liasina sp. B Liasina sp. C	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Pontocyprididae. Small marine ostracods related with abundant Green Algae environments
Trachycythere	Trachycythere tubulosa	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of incertae sedis affinity
Paracypris	Paracypris semidisca	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Paracypridinae inside Candonidae.
Bythocypris	Bythocypris elongata	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Bythocyprididae inside Bairdioidea.
Bairdia	Bairdia hilda	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea.
Polycope	Polycope cincinnata Polycope sp.	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Polycopidae inside Cladocopina.
Procytheridea	Procytheridea sp.	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Protocytheridae inside Cytheroidea.
Cytherelloidea	Cytherelloidea Indeterminate	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Cytherelloidea inside Platycopina.
Hungarella	Hungarella adenticulata Hungarella sp.	Dobbertin	Valves	A marine/brackish Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Metacopa. Hungarella adenticulata was first identified in Dobbertin

Arachnida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Seppo	Seppo koponeni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Single Incomplete Specimen	A spider, possible member of the superfamily Palpimanoidea. It is the first confirmed spider from the lower Jurassic, and a rare find, probably washed to the sea due to a hard wind related to hurricane action. Probably a ground-dwelling predator that hunted the abundant insect fauna present on the layers. With a robust and well-armed legs I, directed forwards give the suggestion that they were preycapture appendages, a morphology typical of a sit-and-wait predator, while the short legs III are more typical on web spiders, especially Orbweavers, but also found on Palpimanoids, but not on that that are common substrate dwellers, that had legs more equal. Seppo was probably not a habitual ground dweller, with armoured front legs related to capturing dangerous prey, such as many palpimanoids today are Araneophagous, for example.

Insecta

Insects are common terrestrial animals that were probably drifted to the sea due to Moonsonal conditions present on the Ciechocinek Formation. In Klein Lehmhagen insects are found as part of calcareous nodules in the exaratum-elegantulum subzones, with specimens also found in living chambers of Eleganticeras elegantulum macrochonchs and in fish coprolites which are the most frequent fossils at all. In the elegantulum the insect fauna is dominated by beetle elytra, indicating strong fluvial input and a nearshore deltaic complex. On Dobbertin, insects are present in the exaratum nodules, where fluvial input is seen thanks to the phyllopod abundance and whole bedding planes covered by algae substituted by Ca-phosphat, being the layers where insects are most abundant.

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Archipsylla	Archipsylla primitiva	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Paraneopteran, member of the family Archipsyllidae inside Permopsocida.
Liassopsocus	Liassopsocus lanceolatus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Paraneopteran, member of the family Psocidiidae inside Permopsocida.
Obotritagrion	Obotritagrion tenuiformum Obotritagrion petersi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Complete Specimens Isolated Wings	Primitive Pterygotans, member of the family Protomyrmeleontidae inside Dicondylia.
Protomyrmeleon	Protomyrmeleon brunonis Protomyrmeleon quadriordinum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Prosepididontus	Prosepididontus calopteryx	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	Reculidans, member of Gryllones (Extinct clade of Basal Insects) of the family Geinitziidae.
Geinitzia	Geinitzia schlieffeni Geinitzia debilis Geinitzia minor	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Nele	Nele jurassica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Partial Specimens	An Ice crawler, member of the family Bajanzhargalanidae inside Grylloblattodea. One of the main Floor insects found.	Grylloblatta, extant ice crawler, Nele was probably similar
Griphopteron	Griphopteron molle	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	An Eoblattidan, member of the family Blattogryllidae inside Eoblattida.
Undacypha	Undacypha europaea	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	Thysanopterans, members of the family Lophioneurida inside Thripida. Aeroplankton is extraordinarily well preserved in Grimmen, with the most abundant representatives of the aeroplankton (around 3 mm) being Lophioneurids, specially Undacypha europaea.	Extant Thysanopteran, extinct genera were probably similar
Liadoptilia	Liadoptilia misera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Trichorthophlebia	Trichorthophlebia pilifera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Magnasupplephlebia	Magnasupplephlebia kallweita Magnasupplephlebia intercalaria	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Isolated Wings	A dragonfly, incertae sedis inside Odonata. Magnasupplephlebia represents a very large dragonfly, with a wingspan of 13 cm. Other odonatan remains are unable to being referred to a concrete group due to their incomplete status.
Liadothemis	Liadothemis hydrodictyon Liadothemis major Liadothemis geinitzi Liadothemis insignis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Petrothemis	Petrothemis singularis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Parelthothemis	Parelthothemis dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Anomothemis	Anomothemis brevistigma	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Rhabdothemis	Rhabdothemis strigivena	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Temnostigma	Temnostigma singulare	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pycnothemis	Pycnothemis densa	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Archithemis	Archithemis brodiei	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Heterothemis	Heterothemis brodiei Heterothemis germanica	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection) Ahrensburg erratics	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Liassogomphidae inside Odonata.
Anisozygopteron	Anisozygopteron geinitzianum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Myopophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Selenothemis	Selenothemis liadis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, type member of the family Selenothemistidae inside Odonata.
Dialothemis	Dialothemis dubia	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Eosagrion	Eosagrion risi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Eosagrionidae inside Odonata.
Turanopteron	Turanopteron pommerana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Asiopteridae inside Odonata. "Sphenophlebia pommerana" is a junior synonym.
Grimmenopteron	Grimmenopteron elegantulum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Liassophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Trigonophlebia	Trigonophlebia zessini	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Heterophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Heterophlebia	Heterophlebia buckmani Heterophlebia megapolitana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Heterophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Dobbertiniopteryx	Dobbertiniopteryx capniomimus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A small winter Stonefly, member of the family Capniidae inside Plecoptera.	extant Capniidae, Dobbertiniopteryx was probably similar
Dicronemoura	Dicronemoura furcata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A stonefly, member of the family Perlariopseidae inside Plecoptera.
Zalmonites	Zalmonites geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A grasshopper, incertae Sedis inside Orthoptera.
Panorpidium	Panorpidium geinitzi Panorpidium magna Panorpidium minima Panorpidium media Panorpidium reticulata Panorpidium mesostena	Grimmen (Krempien collection) Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection) Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Breslau Museum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens Isolated Wings	A Grasshopper, member of the family Elcanidae inside Orthoptera. The species Panorpidium magna is among the largest Orthopterans of the Jurassic, while Panorpidium minima is among the smallest.
Parelcana	Parelcana tenuis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Synelcana	Synelcana muelleri	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)
Locustopsis	Locustopsis gyra Locustopsis bernstorffi Locustopsis sippeli ?Locustopsis dubia Locustopsis bernstorffi Locustopsis nana Locustopsis reducta Locustopsis elongata Locustopsis elegans Locustopsis pulchella Locustopsis lacera Locustopsis procera Locustopsis mecklenburgica Locustopsis maculosa Locustopsis sp 1 Locustopsis sp 2 Locustopsis sp 3 Locustopsis sp 4	Grimmen (Krempien collection) Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection) Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Complete Specimens Isolated Wings Isolated legs	Grasshoppers of the family Locustopsidae inside Orthoptera.
Plesioschwinzia	Plesioschwinzia thalassophila	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Schwinzia	Schwinzia sola	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)
Locustophanes	Locustophanes rhipidophorus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Locust, type member of the family Locustidae inside Orthoptera.	Acanthacris, extant Locust, Locustophanes was probably similar
Protochaeta	Protochaeta masculina Protochaeta lanceolata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, member of the family Regiatidae inside Orthoptera.
Protogryllus	Protogryllus dobbertinensis Protogryllus germanicus Protogryllus sp. Protogryllus vicinus Protogryllus liadis Protogryllus major Protogryllus stenobasis Protogryllus femina Protogryllus acutipennis Protogryllus minor Protogryllus irregularis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (BMNH collection) Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection) Ahrensburg Erratics	Specimens	A Cricket-like Grasshopper, type member of the family Protogryllidae inside Orthoptera.
Durnovaria	Durnovaria cf. parallela	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Stick Insect, member of the family Aerophasmidae inside Phasmatodea.	Example of extant Phasmatodean, Durnovaria was probably similar
Mesoblattina	Mesoblattina protypa	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, type member of the family Mesoblattinidae inside Blattodea.
Caloblattina	Caloblattina mathildae	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, type member of the family Caloblattinidae inside Blattodea.
Liadoblattina	Liadoblattina blakei	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Carnivorous Cockroach, type member of the family Raphidiomimidae inside Blattodea.
Eublattula	Eublattula crassivena	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, member of the family Blattulidae inside Dicondylia. Member of an extinct cockroach-like family which was widely distributed around the world and lasted from Late Triassic to Cretaceous.
Blattula	Blattula langfeldti Blattula dubia	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection) Ahrensburg Erratics
Dipluroblattina	Dipluroblattina scudderi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Liasocoris	Liasocoris hainmuelleri	Schwinzer brickyard, near Goldberg	Specimens	A true bug, incertae sedis inside Hemiptera.
Fulgoridium	Fulgoridium egens Fulgoridium lapideum Fulgoridium dubium Fulgoridium latum Fulgoridium venosum Fulgoridium pallidum Fulgoridium geinitzi Fulgoridium spilographum Fulgoridium oligoneurum Fulgoridium regulare Fulgoridium graphipterum Fulgoridium inconspicuum Fulgoridium quadrisignatum Fulgoridium breviradiatum Fulgoridium modestum Fulgoridium anale Fulgoridium marginepunctatum Fulgoridium picturatum Fulgoridium anomalum Fulgoridium stigmaticum Fulgoridium punctatum Fulgoridium mortuum Fulgoridium alatum Fulgoridium nodosum Fulgoridium megapolitanum Fulgoridium pulchrum Fulgoridium remotum Fulgoridium multivenosum Fulgoridium debile Fulgoridium trifurcatum Fulgoridium litorale Fulgoridium parvispilum Fulgoridium retractum Fulgoridium polyneurum Fulgoridium oligospilum Fulgoridium nubeculum Fulgoridium obtusum Fulgoridium grave Fulgoridium fenestratum Fulgoridium breve Fulgoridium dilutum Fulgoridium multipunctatum Fulgoridium ampliatum Fulgoridium clavatum Fulgoridium nebulosum Fulgoridium vicinum Fulgoridium curvipenne Fulgoridium elegantulum Fulgoridium defunctum Fulgoridium plicatum Fulgoridium exhumatum Fulgoridium angulosum Fulgoridium acutum Fulgoridium rotundatum Fulgoridium ancylla Fulgoridium bifurcatum Fulgoridium inaequale Fulgoridium brachyptilum Fulgoridium intercalatum Fulgoridium balticum	Grimmen (EMAU collection) Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Breslau Museum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Complete Specimens Partial Specimens Isolated Wings	Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae inside Hemiptera. The colossal abundance of the genus Fulgoridium maybe it is related to a preference for seashore habitats. Some specimens are indistinguishable, making possible some species synonymous.	Example of extant Fulgoridae, Fulgoridiidae genera where probably similar
Metafulgoridium	Metafulgoridium spilotum Metafulgoridium ampliatum Metafulgoridium graptum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Margaroptilon	Margaroptilon germanicum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Cixiites	Cixiites liasinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Procercopis	Procercopis alutacea Procercopis coriacea Procercopis liasina Procercopis similis Procercopis jurassica	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	Froghoppers of the family Procercopidae inside Hemiptera.
Procercopina	Procercopina frenzeli	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Liadopsylla	Liadopsylla geinitzi Liadopsylla obtusa	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A jumping plant louse, member of the family Liadopsyllidae inside Hemiptera.
Hadrocoris	Hadrocoris scutellaris	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Hadrocoridae inside Hemiptera.
Acromocoris	Acromocoris similis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A water boatman, member of the family Corixidae inside Hemiptera.	Example of extant Corixidae, Acromocoris was probably similar
Progonocimex	Progonocimex jurassicus Progonocimex liasinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	Moss bugs of the family Progonocimicidae inside Hemiptera.	Example of extant Peloridiidae, Progonocimicidae genera where probably similar
Eocercopis	Eocercopis ancyloptera Eocercopis similis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Archicercopis	Archicercopis falcatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Probascanion	Probascanion megacephalum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Specimens	A Coleorrhynchan, member of the family Probascanionidae inside Hemiptera.
Archegocimex	Archegocimex geinitzi Archegocimex primitiva Archegocimex liadis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	Shore bugs, member of the family Archegocimicidae inside Hemiptera.	Example of extant Pentacora, Archegocimicidae genera where probably similar
Progonocoris	Progonocoris pictus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Anosmus	Anosmus spilopterus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Diatillus	Diatillus debilis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pachymeridium	Pachymeridium dubium	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	True Bugs, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Sisyrocoris	Sisyrocoris rudis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Hypocimex	Hypocimex membranaceus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Apsicoria	Apsicoria semideleta	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Cathalus	Cathalus alutaceus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Psychrocoris	Psychrocoris cuneifera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Cuneocoris	Cuneocoris geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Cuneocoridae inside Hemiptera.
Apopnus	Apopnus magniclavus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A creeping water bug, member of the family Naucoridae inside Hemiptera.	Example of extant Naucoridae, extinct genera where probably similar
Aphlebocoris	Aphlebocoris punctata Aphlebocoris nana	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Archijassus	Archijassus heeri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	Leafhoppers of the family Archijassidae inside Hemiptera.	Example of extant Membracidae, Archijassidae genera where probably similar
Mesoledra	Mesoledra pachyneura	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Ardela	Ardela grimmenensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Liassocercopis	Liassocercopis schnicki	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A cicadomorphan, member of the family Hylicellidae inside Hemiptera.
Toarcopsyllidium	Toarcopsyllidium ernsti	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Sternorrhynchan, member of the family Protopsyllidiidae inside Hemiptera.
Aphidulum	Aphidulum ciliatum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Archiconiopteryx	Archiconiopteryx liasina	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Stemorrhynchan, type member of the family Archiconiopterygidae inside Hemiptera.
Grimmenaphis	Grimmenaphis magnifica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	An aphid, member of the family Oviparosiphidae inside Hemiptera. Among the oldest Aphids	Example of extant Aphidoidea, Oviparosiphidae genera where probably similar
Grimmaratavites	Grimmaratavites mirabilis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Wood Wasp, member of the family Karatavitidae inside Hymenoptera.
Liadobracona	Liadobracona raduhna	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Isolated Wings	Wasps, member of the family Ephialtitidae inside Hymenoptera
Brigittepterus	Brigittepterus brauckmanni	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)
Xyelula	Xyelula benderi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A pseudo-Wasp, member of the family Sepulcidae inside Hymenoptera.
Dobbertinia	Dobbertinia reticulata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	An alderfly, member of the family Sialidae inside Megaloptera.	Example of extant Sialidae, Dobbertinia was probably similar
Liassochrysa	Liassochrysa stigmatica	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Neuropteran of the family Mantispidae. It is the earliest know Chrysopid	Example of extant Mantispidae, Liassochrysa was probably similar
Mesoleon	Mesoleon dobbertinianus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	A lacewing, incertae sedis inside Neuroptera. The wings if this neauropterans are rather fagmentary and its inclusion on any extant or extinct family is complex
Loxophleps	Loxophleps costalis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Melaneimon	Melaneimon dubium	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Melamnous	Melamnous indistinctus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Prohemerobius	Prohemerobius prodromus Prohemerobius ovatus Prohemerobius anomalus Prohemerobius costalis Prohemerobius persimilis Prohemerobius geinitzi Prohemerobius liasinus Prohemerobius major Prohemerobius parvulus Prohemerobius geinitzianus Prohemerobius dilaroides Prohemerobius chryseus Prohemerobius latus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	Lacewings of the family Prohemerobiidae inside Neuroptera.
Actinophlebia	Actinophlebia megapolitana Actinophlebia aenea Actinophlebia parallela	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Mesosmylina	Mesosmylina falcifera	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A lance lacewing, member of the family Osmylidae inside Neuroptera.
Solenoptilon	Solenoptilon kochi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, type member of the Family Solenoptilidae inside Neuroptera.
Epigambria	Epigambria longipennis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, member of the Family Epigambriidae inside Neuroptera. Members of the macrofamily Ithonidae	Example of extant Ithonidae, Epigambriidae members where probably similar
Polyosmylus	Polyosmylus excelsus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Apeirophlebia	Apeirophlebia grandis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A silky lacewing, member of the Family Psychopsidae inside Neuroptera. An unexpected giant Silky lacewing, with a size up to 7 cm.	Example of extant Psychopsidae, Apeirophlebia was probably similar
Toarciconiopteryx	Toarciconiopteryx dipterosimilis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated hind wing	A dustywing, member of the Family Toarciconiopteryginae inside Neuroptera. The oldest representative of the family	Example of extant Coniopterygidae, Toarciconiopteryx was probably similar
Parnidium	Parnidium frechi Parnidium geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Elytrons	Beetles, incertae sedis inside Coleoptera. Great amount of Beetle elytrons on both Dobbertin and Grimmen corroborates the presence of suitable environments nearby.
Polypamon	Polypamon byrrhoides	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Bathygerus	Bathygerus bellus Bathygerus divergens	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Plastonebria	Plastonebria scudderi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Plastobuprestites	Plastobuprestites elegans	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Nannoodes	Nannoodes pseudocistela	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pseudocyphon	Pseudocyphon geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Keleusticus	Keleusticus zirkeli	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Allognosis	Allognosis nitens	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Enamma	Enamma striatum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pseudoprionites	Pseudoprionites liasinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Nebrioides	Nebrioides dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Paracurculium	Paracurculium punctatum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Apioderes	Apioderes punctatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Bareus	Bareus strigipennis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Anypostatus	Anypostatus taurus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Periboloptera	Periboloptera rotunda	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Clinomerus	Clinomerus laticollis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Anomerus	Anomerus punctifer	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Masselytron	Masselytron quinquestriatum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Oxytoroptera	Oxytoroptera mediocris	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Ecthlimma	Ecthlimma forficuloides	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Onkedodimus	Onkedodimus discicollis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Apsychus	Apsychus alutaceus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Gyrinulopsis	Gyrinulopsis nanu	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Anancaeon	Anancaeon microcephalum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)
Hydrobiites	Hydrobiites dobbertinensis Hydrobiites punctatostriatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Elytrons	A beetle, member of the family Permosynidae inside Coleoptera.
Thoracotes	Thoracotes dubius	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	2 Complete Specimens Isolated Elytrons	A bark gnawing beetle, member of the family Trogossitidae inside Coleoptera.	Example of extant Trogossitidae, Thoracotes was probably similar
Eurynucha	Eurynucha pseudobuprestis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Elytrons	A jewel beetle, member of the family Buprestidae inside Coleoptera.	Example of extant Buprestidae, Eurynucha was probably similar
Coptogyrinus	Coptogyrinus scutellatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A whirligig beetle, member of the family Gyrinidae inside Coleoptera.	Example of extant Gyrinidae, Coptogyrinus was probably similar
Carabites	Carabites dubius Carabites geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A ground beetle, member of the family Carabidae inside Coleoptera.	Example of extant Carabidae, Carabites was probably similar
Liassodites	Liassodites obsti	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Single complete specimen	A False Ground Beetle of the family Trachypachidae.	Extant member of Trachypachidae, Liassodites was probably similar
Mesotrichopteridium	Mesotrichopteridium intermedium Mesotrichopteridium pusillum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	Caddisflies, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Metarchitaulius	Metarchitaulius longus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Parataulius	Parataulius jurassicus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Nannotrichopteron	Nannotrichopteron gracile	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Necrotaulius	Necrotaulius parvulus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Epididontus	Epididontus geinitzianus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Archiptilia	Archiptilia ovata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Paratrichopteridium	Paratrichopteridium efossum Paratrichopteridium costale	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pararchitaulius	Pararchitaulius ovalis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Palaeotaulius	Palaeotaulius vicinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pseudorthophlebia	Pseudorthophlebia platyptera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Liadotaulius	Liadotaulius maior	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A finger-net caddisfly, member of the family Philopotamidae inside Trichoptera.	Example of extant Philopotamidae, Liadotaulius was probably similar
Eolepidopterigidae	Eolepidopterigidae indet. A Eolepidopterigidae indet. B Eolepidopterigidae indet. C	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated Wings Isolated Wing Scales	A Moth, member of the family Eolepidopterigidae inside Lepidoptera. They are essential fossils for the Development of the color on Lepidopterans.
Orthophlebia	Orthophlebia germanica Orthophlebia elongata Orthophlebia fuscipennis Orthophlebia limnophila Orthophlebia cf. limnophila Orthophlebia radialis Orthophlebia liadis Orthophlebia maculata Orthophlebia vicina Orthophlebia brunsvicensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Breslau Museum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Complete specimens Isolated Wings	Hangingflies, member of the family Orthophlebiidae inside Mecoptera.
Mesopanorpa	Mesopanorpa maculata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Neorthophlebia	Neorthophlebia maculipennis Neorthophlebia megapolitana Neorthophlebia pallida Neorthophlebia debilis Neorthophlebia simillima Neorthophlebia medialis Neorthophlebia stigmatica Neorthophlebia acutipennis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Complete specimens Isolated Wings	Hangingflies, member of the family Bittacidae inside Mecoptera.	Example of extant Bittacidae, extinct members where probably similar
Parabittacus	Parabittacus analis Parabittacus lingula	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Mesobittacus	Mesobittacus minutus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pseudopolycentropus	Pseudopolycentropus triangularis Pseudopolycentropus perlaeformis Pseudopolycentropus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A scorpionfly, type member of the family Pseudopolycentropodidae inside Mecoptera.
Mesochorista	Mesochorista sinuata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Scorpionfly, member of the family Permochoristidae inside Mecoptera.
Archipleciomima	Archipleciomima germanica Archipleciomima sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated Wings	A fly, incertae sedis inside Diptera
Aenne	Aenne liasina	Schönenwald railway cutting, Grimmen Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Complete specimens Isolated Wings	The oldest known non biting Midges, members of the Chironomidae inside Diptera	Example of extant Chironomidae, extinct members where probably similar
Oryctochlus	Oryctochlus toarciensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Podonomius	Podonomius tumidus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Mesotipula	Mesotipula siggiae Mesotipula vicina Mesotipula cf. vicina Mesotipula mirabilis Mesotipula curvata Mesotipula geinitzi Mesotipula minuta Mesotipula lapidaria Mesotipula parva	Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Complete specimens Isolated Wings	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Limoniidae, extinct members where probably similar
Architipula	Architipula stigmatica Architipula latipennis Architipula elegans Architipula seebachi Architipula nana Architipula pusilla Architipula pulla Architipula debilis Architipula simplex Architipula intermedia Architipula obliqua Architipula areolata Architipula maior Architipula conspicua Architipula clara Architipula dubia	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Eotipula	Eotipula defuncta Eotipula mortua Eotipula coarctata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Phryganidium	Phryganidium minimum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Grimmenia	Grimmenia prima Grimmenia secunda	Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection)
Rhaetomyia	Rhaetomyia herrigi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Phantom midge of the family Chaoboridae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Chaoboridae, extinct members where probably similar
Grimmyia	Grimmyia baltica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated Wings	A Snipe Fly, member of the family Rhagionidae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Rhagionidae, extinct members where probably similar
Liassobrachyceron	Liassobrachyceron kotejai	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)
Palaeobrachyceron	Palaeobrachyceron willmanni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Antefungivora	Antefungivora germanica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated Wings	Flies, member of the family Antefungivoridae inside Diptera.
Archibio	Archibio mycetophilinus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Pleciofungivora	Pleciofungivora liassica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated Wings	A Fly, member of the family Pleciofungivoridae inside Diptera.
Archirhyphus	Archirhyphus geinitzi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	Flies, member of the family Protorhyphidae inside Diptera
Protorhyphus	Protorhyphus simplex	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Protobrachyceron	Protobrachyceron liasinum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Protobrachyceridae inside Diptera
Heterorhyphus	Heterorhyphus triangularis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, type member of the family Heterorhyphidae inside Diptera
Eoditomyia	Eoditomyia primitiva	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Fly, type member of the family Eoditomyidae inside Diptera
Protoplecia	Protoplecia klafacki Protoplecia liasina	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated wings	A Fly, type member of the family Protopleciidae inside Diptera.
Mailotrichocera	Mailotrichocera mikereichi Mailotrichocera variabilis Mailotrichocera zessini	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Isolated wings	A Winter Crane Fly, member of the family Trichoceridae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Trichoceridae, extinct members where probably similar
Nannotanyderus	Nannotanyderus grimmenensis Nannotanyderus krzeminskii	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Isolated Wings	A primitive Crane Fly, member of the family Tanyderidae inside Diptera.
Praemacrochile	Praemacrochile decipiens Praemacrochile dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)
Eoptychoptera	Eoptychoptera simplex Eoptychoptera eximia	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	A Phantom crane fly, member of the family Ptychopteridae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Ptychopteridae, extinct members where probably similar
Eolimnobia	Eolimnobia geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)
Crenoptychoptera	Crenoptychoptera dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)
Tanypsycha	Tanypsycha connexa	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated Wings	A Moth fly, member of the family Psychodidae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Psychodidae, extinct members where probably similar
Liassopsychodina	Liassopsychodina pommerana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
Mesorhyphus	Mesorhyphus nanus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	A Wood Gnat, member of the family Anisopodidae inside Diptera.	Example of extant Anisopodidae, extinct members where probably similar
Metatrichopteridium	Metatrichopteridium confusum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Isolated Wings	A Fly, member of the family Hennigmatidae inside Diptera.

Echinodermata

In Dobbertin, the echinoderm remains are rare in contrast to foraminifera, phyllopods and ostracods, yet in some places they attain a percentage of the total fauna between 0.7-26.5%. In the upper layers they're totally absent, as well on the erractics and in the whole Grimmen sequence.

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Sinosura	Sinosura brodiei Sinosura spp.	Dobbertin	Isolated Ambulacralia Isolated Adambulacralia Isolated Side shields Isolated Ventral plates Isolated Mouthpieces Isolated Arm spines Isolated Bursal braces	A Brittle Star, member of Ophioleucidae inside Ophioleucida. Identified as Ophiura longivertebralis. The majority of the Echinoderm material found belong to this genus and overall to Ophiuroids. This can be related to the fact some Ophiuroids are more tolerant with Brackish waters.
Crinoidea	Crinoidea Indeterminate	Dobbertin	Isolated Branches Isolated Cirri Isolated terminal claw of a pinnula	Indeterminate Crinoid remains. This group has very limited/scarce record on the facies
Holothuriida	Holothuriida Indeterminate	Dobbertin	Isolated Hooks Isolated Sclerites Isolated Holothurian Wheels	A sea Cucumbers of uncertain placement. Remains of this group are very rare on the layers.

Vertebrates

Fishes

Actinopteri

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Teleostei	Teleostei "Type A" Teleostei "Type B" Teleostei "Type C" Teleostei "Type D" Teleostei "Type E"	Żarki 88-Z borehole Gorzków 43-BN borehole Choroń 31-BN borehole Bobolice 68-KM borehole	Isolated Teeth Isolated Scales	Freshwater/Brackish/Marine Osteichthyes, incertae sedis inside Teleostei. Inconclusive remains of fish (mostly teeth) are found mostly on Częstochowa-Wieluń region. The Remains of fish are rather rare on the Polish Realm of the Formation, and found related with the Silesian coast, where embayments and lagoons were formed. The remains were not compared. The lack of typical marine fauna indicates that the Toarcian sea transgression did not cause the development of normal-marine conditions in the Polish Basin. "Type A" and "Type B" includes fragmentary remains that resemble the genera Dapedium and andya, with rounded teeth. "Type C" is more similar to the genus Ptycholepis. Finally, "Type D" & "Type E" resemble the Amiiformes and Osteoglossiformes.
Pteroniscus	Pteroniscus sp.	Aleksandrów I Borehole	Teeth	A marine/brackish Osteichthyes, member of Palaeonisciformes inside Chondrostei. Fish tooth remains of this genus are found mostly in Kujawy (Aleksandrów I), along with marine foraminifers of the genus Haplophragmoides sp., which indicates a marine deposition. It represents a relict genus and resembles the Late Jurassic Pteroniscus turkestanensis
Saurichthys?	Saurichthys sp	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Teeth	A Freshwater/brackish/marine Osteichthyes, type member of the family Saurichthyidae inside Chondrostei. This genus is known mostly from the late Triassic deposits on Europe, making its appearance on Toarcian strata superficially dubious. It can be a member of the genus Saurorhynchus, although this last one has never been found on Brackish-Prodeltaic Strata.	Saurichthys
Saurorhynchus	Saurorhynchus hauffi Saurorhynchus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Diganostic Incomplete skull Incomplete skull	A marine/brackish Osteichthyes, the youngest representative of the family Saurichthyidae inside Chondrostei. Distinctive for its large jaws, similar to modern Belonidae, it is a genus known from several locations across Europe on the Lower-Middle Jurassic.	Saurorhynchus
Gyrosteus	Gyrosteus mirabilis	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	GPIH 4864, Hyomandibula	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the Chondrosteidae inside Acipenseriformes.
Grimmenichthys	Grimmenichthys ansorgei Cf. Grimmenichthys ansorgei	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Articulated, but incompletely preserved specimen	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pholidophoriformes inside Teleostei. Found Exclusively on the Green Series, this genus was a small 'pholidophoriform' teleost. The total length remains unknown due to poor preservation, but probably does not exceed 100 mm.
Pholidophorus	Pholidophorus sp.	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Assigned Fragmentary remains	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pholidophoriformes inside Teleostei.	Pholidophorus
Pholidophoriformes	Pholidophoriformes indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated skull roof with articulated ethmoid region, parasphenoid, and partial braincase	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pholidophoriformes inside Teleostei. Resmble Pholidophoroides crenulata and P. limbata.
Lepidotes	Lepidotes buelowianus Lepidotes elvensis Lepidotes spp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Various specimens	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Lepidotidae inside Lepisosteiformes. Various species of the genus probably lived in the zone, yet the relationships of the fossils weren't studied. Stomach content is also preserved on a specimen from Dobbertin, and is composed by arthropod cuticles.	Lepidotes
Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteidae Indeterminate	Grimmen	GG 439/4-7 scales	The oldest confirmed true Gar, member of the Lepisosteidae inside Lepisosteiformes. The oldest reliable lepisosteiform remains.	Lepisosteus extant example of Gar
Pachycormiformes	Pachycormiformes indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Unknown, only cited.	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pachycormiformes inside Teleostei. The first find of the group in the region.
Lycopteroidarum	Lycopteroidarum sp. A Lycopteroidarum sp. B	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Otoliths	Brackish/Freshwater Osteichthyes otoliths of the family Lycopteroidea inside Lycopteriformes.
Leptolepis	Leptolepis bronni Leptolepis coryphaenoides Leptolepis normandica Leptolepis jaegeri Leptolepis sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin clay pit Karziger Ufer Müssentin Broock Hohenbarnekow Grenzin Groß Roge Elmenhorst Klütz Höved Pinnow Consrade Ahrensburg	Slightly disarticulated, incomplete head; Subadult, almost complete; fragmentary head; isolated head with pectoral girdle; incomplete head Isolated remains in form of "Grätensandsteine"	A marine Osteichthyes, type member of the family Leptolepidae inside Teleostei. The most abundant vertebrate recovered on the formation, including 3D preserved specimens, as well, is the main component of the Fishbone sandstones from the upper layers.	Leptolepis
Leptolepidae	Indeterminate	Former clay pit of Dobbertin	Isolated head with missing postcranial bones Assigned Teeth	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Leptolepidae inside Teleostei.
Proleptolepis	Proleptolepis sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	MV 202612, fragmentary head . Assigned Teeth	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Leptolepidae inside Teleostei. Proleptolepis in the lower Toarcian of Grimmen suggests that this genus might have had a much wider palaeobiogeographical and temporal distribution, since specimens attributed to Proleptolepis have previously been reported only from the Sinemurian of western Europe.
Tetragonolepis	Tetragonolepis semicincta	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Incomplete specimen Isolated Jaw	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Semionotidae inside Semionotiformes. Dapedium and Tetragonolepis may have used alternative strategies in order to partition food resources efficiently and avoid direct competition.	Tetragonolepis
Grimmenodon	Grimmenodon aureum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Almost complete left prearticular with dentition	A marine Osteichthyes, Member of the order Pycnodontiformes inside Neopterygii. Is of comparatively small size, suggesting a hypothetical small standard length of the fish of about 7–10 cm at the time of death. It is a taxon that shows clear adaptations to durophagy, inferring a predominant diet of especially hard food items.
Dapedium	Dapedium pholidotum	Dobbertin	Incomplete skull	A marine Osteichthyes, type member of the Dapediidae inside Neopterygii.	Dapedium

Chondrichthyes

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Selachimorpha	Selachimorpha Indeterminate	Żarki 88-Z borehole Gorzków 43-BN borehole Choroń 31-BN borehole Bobolice 68-KM borehole	Isolated Teeth	Marine/Brackish/Freshwater sharks, incertae sedis inside Selachimorpha. Related with the local marine Transgression, the fossils are recovered mostly from an embayment-derived environment. Together with the rather poor fauna recovered on the main part of the region, the transgression spread out over Mudflats and alluvial Floodplains, to which small amounts of sand were still sporadically supplied during stronger floods.
Hybodus	Hybodus hauffianus Hybodus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Ahrensburg erratic assemblage Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Fragmentary Fin spine Supposed coprolithes Teeth	A marine Shark, member of the Hybodontiformes. Related to Hybodus hauffianus and other genera from the south of Germany. A Pliensbachian-aged deposit from Grimmen outcrop has revelated a pretty diverse Chondrichthyan fauna, including two species of the genus: Hybodus reticulatus & Hybodus hauffianus.

Sarcopterygii

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Ceratodus	Ceratodus sp.	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Isolated tooth plates	A freshwater lungfish, type member of the Ceratodontidae inside Ceratodontiformes. Can be related to the Polish Triassic species Ceratodus silesiacus (Roemer, 1870), known from several isolated tooth plates found in the lacustrine Triassic horizon of Krasiejów. Several impressions of scales found in other boreholes can also belong to lungfish. The tooth plates were found at +819 m depth on Pomerania, on a layer with gray-green mudstone, lenticular lamination and siderite concretions. The abundance of megaspores indicate a deltaic or brackish environment.	Ceratodus reconstruction

Ichthyosaurs

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Stenopterygius	Stenopterygius cf. quadriscissus	Clay pit of Dobbertin	Posterior left half of the cranium.	An Icthyosaur of the family Stenopterygiidae inside Thunnosauria. A common Toarcian Ichthyosaur, present on multiple layers. The rather exquisite level of preservation has led to know even the coloration.
Neoichthyosauria	Neoichthyosauria indet.	Clay Pit of Dobbertin	Four articulated tail vertebrae.	An indeterminate ichthyosaur, has been assigned to the species Stenopterygius longifrons.
Ophthalmosauridae	Ophthalmosauridae indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Partial skull and associated postcranial elements preserved in a concretion	An indeterminate ichthyosaur. It has an expanded basipterygoid process on the basisphenoid, only currently known in members of the Ophthalmosauridae
Ichthyosauria	Ichthyosauria indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Presacral centrum 2 ?sacral centrum Isolated Vertebrae	An indeterminate ichthyosaur.
Temnodontosaurus?	Temnodontosaurus cf. platyodon	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Skull Coracoid Associated rib fragment	An Icthyosaur, type member of Temnodontosauridae inside Neoichthyosauria. Assigned to Ichthyosaurus sp., but also suggested affinities to "Leptopterygius" (= Temnodontosaurus) platyodon.	Restoration

Sauropterygia

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Plesiosauria	Plesiosauria indeterminate A Plesiosauria indeterminate B Plesiosauria indeterminate C Cf. Plesiosauria indeterminate	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, falciferum zone	Three caudal vertebrae and other postcranial elements Gastralia Phalanx Cervical rib and other postcranial elements	A marine plesiosaur, member of the family Plesiosauria inside Sauropterygia. Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genera from the Posidonia Shale
Plesiosauroidea	Plesiosauroidea indeterminate A Plesiosauroidea indeterminate B	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cervical centrum Caudal centrum	A marine plesiosaur, member of the family Plesiosauria inside Sauropterygia. Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genera from the Posidonia Shale
Seeleyosaurus	Seeleyosaurus? sp.	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Three articulated dorsal vertebrae	A plesiosaur, member of the family Plesiosauridae inside Plesiosauroidea. Related with the German Realm Fauna	Seeleysaurus
Meyerasaurus	Meyerasaurus sp.	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Incomplete coracoid Associated rib	A pliosauroid, member of the family Rhomaleosauridae inside Pliosauroidea.	Meyerasaurus

Crocodyliformes

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Mesoeucrocodylia	Mesoeucrocodylia indeterminate	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cervical vertebra	A Crocodrilian, member of Mesoeucrocodylia. This cervical vertebra has resemblances with terrestrial suchians, such as Dianchungosaurus, but also cervicals of Sichuanosuchus. Is considered to come from an osteologically immature individual.	Sichuanosuchus
Teleosauridae	Teleosauridae indet	Ahrensburg Erratic Assemblage	Osteoderms Isolated non described remains	A Crocodrylomorph, member of the family Thalattosuchia inside Neosuchia. Distinctive of the marine teleosaurid genus Macrospondylus.
Mystriosaurus	Mystriosaurus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Partial rostrum with teeth	A marine Crocodrylomorph, member of the family Teleosauridae inside Teleosauroidea. The tooth morphology and the internal rostral anatomy indicate that it can be positively referred to a longistrine thalattosuchian crocodyliform. The size of PLM uncatalogued, as compared to the corresponding portions of the rostra of other Toarcian thalattosuchians, is indicative of a juvenile individual, with expected around 200–250 mm long skull and the entire animal about 1.50 m.
Macrospondylus	Macrospondylus bollensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Incomplete skull and associated osteoderm	A marine Crocodrylomorph, member of the family Machimosauridae inside Teleosauroidea. A marine crocodylomorph with a diet probably based on fish. It was identified as Steneosaurus. Although highly incomplete, the preserved maximum antorbital width of about 50 mm demonstrates that GG 422/6 can be clearly referred to an immature individual.	Macrospondylus

Dinosauria

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Megalosauridae	Megalosauridae Indeterminate	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Dorsal Vertebrae	A Saurischian, member of the family Megalosauridae inside Tetanurae. Was referred to Megalosaurus. The affinities of the Specimen aren't clear due to its fragmentary nature. Has been classified as Saurischia indeterminate, although shows clearly characters of the Orionides group (concave articular surfaces and a dished lateral pleurocoel, remnants of the neural arch and postzygapophyses). The vertebrae centrum measures 80 mm, implying a medium-sized theropod (~5 m long). Can be related with Yunyangosaurus.	Marshosaurus, example of basal Orionides
Gravisauria	Gravisauria Indeterminate	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Iliac preacetabular process Distal right pubis Proximal left ischium Proximal right ischium Single dorsal neural spine	A Saurischian, member of the clade Gravisauria inside Sauropoda. The specimen is believed to be a juvenile, based on the ossification and unfused spine. Has affinities with the genus Tazoudasaurus and it is clearly distinctive form the also Toarcian Ohmdenosaurus, who is thought to be more basal. The pelvic girdle elements can be clearly placed among the Sauropoda, on account of the presence of an elongated and strongly dorsally expanded iliac preacetabular process a possible relative. The ischia GG411/3-4 resemble those of Tazoudasaurus in exhibiting a subtriangular iliac peduncle which create a short anteriorly directed expansion to reach the medial acetabular rim, and are slightly less developed than the Genus Barapasaurus.	Barapasaurus can be a close relative of the Grimmen Sauropod
Thyreophora	gen. et sp. indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	GG 504, osteoderm	An Ornithischian, basal member of Thyreophora inside Genasauria. Interpreted as representing a lateral osteoderm of the neck or shoulder region of an early diverging thyreophoran
Emausaurus	Emausaurus ernsti	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Right side of the skull, the right lower jaw, caudal vertebrae, neural arches, a radius, a metatarsal, a claw, fragments of ribs, scutes and plates.	An Ornithischian, basal member of Thyreophora inside Genasauria. Its juvenile status makes controversial its phylogeny, being considered a relative of the also Early Jurassic Genus Scelidosaurus. The compacted pile of disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements of the basal thyreophoran Emausaurus has been suspected to be a Speiballen (i.e., a compacted mass of indigestible stomach contents) regurgitated by a large marine reptile.	Emausaurus attacked by a theropod

Plantae

Coals

Evidence of wildfires increases in the upper part of the formation.

The Łęka Coal Basin has been known since 1800 for its abundant deposits; younger material has been suggested as redeposited from the Paleozoic, but the basin primarily yields a series of Pliensbachian-Toarcian coals. In the Early Jurassic the Blanowice Formation was surrounded by land on the north, east and south, the source of sediment which was deposited as nearshore coal. This coal is abundant in the upper part of the formation, dominated by alluvial and lacustrine sand and coal-bearing sediments. Organic matter associated with the coal includes the oldest known biomolecules (in the Mrzygłód clay-pit), composed of labdanoic acid, ferruginol, sugiol and 7-oxototarol. The extracted samples were recovered at the Wysoka Lelowska 47Ż and Jaworznik 124Ż boreholes; five core samples were taken from the Żarki 90Ż core, the latter from an approximately 1.5-metre (4 ft 11 in) coal seam. The random reflectance (%Rr) of the coals is 0.47–0.56, indicating sub-bituminous coal. The geochemical data suggest low-maturity sediments, and hopane isomers are relatively high in all samples. This is confirmed by unstable biomolecules in the coal samples, including labdanoic acid, ferruginol, sugiol, oxototarol, beta-sitosterol and cholesterol.

The coals are generally dominated by vitrinite macerals, except for a high percentage of inertinite. This indicates wildfires or peat fires, confirmed by charcoal fragments. Sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, common in conifers, angiosperms and bryophytes, were also recovered from the coal. Vitrinite has a reflectance value of 0.49-0.56 %Ro. The cupressaceae and podocarpaceae families are considered the main peat-forming plant species, due to the presence of phenolic abietanes and dehydroabietic acids. Lignite indicates significant benzohopane derivatives in the surrounding sandstones, probable differences in biodegradation, and a typically low coalification range. Later, larger studies note the influence of fires on the region.

The Kaszewy coals, found in an approximately 150-metre (490 ft) section of terrestrial and marine siliciclastic sediments in the Kaszewy-1 and Niekłan PIG-1 boreholes, are the Ciechocinek Formation's major coals. This section was in a nearshore-deltaic setting, with increased terrestrial and marine organic matter reflecting increased weathering and transport of terrestrial matter. Abundant fossil charcoal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been found. The number of coarse fossil charcoal particles (larger than 125 micrometers) in the Pliensbachian-Toarcian sections of the Kaszewy-1 core is very low (0-15 particles/10 g sediment), and fine charcoal particles (<125 μm) are more abundant (~12,000–256,000 particles/10 g sediment); there are also more non-charcoal particles. There are more fine charcoal particles at the beginning of the Toarcian, reflecting environmental changes. In the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the pyrolytics (benz-anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, phenanthrene and pyrene) were detected in a wide variety of samples; phenanthrene is the most abundant component and coronene the least, suggesting the burning of organic matter. Petrogenics are more abundant on the coal samples than pyrolytics, suggesting low wildfire activity. Although the Kaszewy-1 borehole did not indicate increased wildfire activity, the fine fossil-charcoal abundance and pyrolytic concentration indicate regional wildfires. Pyrolytics indicating the increased wildfire activity match the beginning of the Toarcian anoxic event, with intervals of fewer wildfires. Wildfire changes match the Lower Toarcian negative carbon-isotopes emissions measured on the, which probably promoted a rise in atmospheric oxygen. Some questions remain; the climate was warmer and wetter (which can suppress wildfire activity), and wildfires persisted in the Kazewy-1 borehole wildfire activity was successfully sustained. Wildfires may have subsided due to a lack of suitable fuel.

Biomass

Beyond proper palynogy, biomass associated has been recovered, specially on the Brody-Lubenia borehole, with abundance of C29 diasterenes (>70%), that proves a great contribution of land plants and thus terrestrial deposits nearby. There is also in some levels abundance of algae-derived C27 and C28 diasterenes, coeval with acritachs, prasinophytes and dinoflagellates, being this last ones important primary producers in the Polish Basin. The presence of C27 sterols points to the importance of the dinoflajellates, but also other groups, such as Bangiophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae algae or marine protists like the Thraustochytriaceae. At Parkoszowice in parasequences “b” to “f” an increase of C27 and C28 diasterenes, that can be interpreted to reflect enhanced biomass contribution from aquatic algae groups, but may also reflect a decline in land plant contributions. At least in some facies there is evidence of proliferation of freshwater-tolerant algae in the brackish environments of the Polish Basin. As well the samples have provided the evidence of methane oxidizers from wetlands, whose emissions contribute to the early Toarcian carbon cycle perturbation.

Resins

Type	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Fossil Resin	Jaworznik 124Ż Blanowice coals	Resinite Resinous material	The local Resins containing sesqui-and diterpenoids that are produced by species of all contemporary conifer families, and in especially large amounts by Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, and Araucariaceae. The linked occurrence of inertinite, charcoal fragments, etc. show local Pliensbachian/Toarcian wildfires and/or peat fires.	Extant Cupressaceae Resin, the Blanowice coals resins probably come from a similar Conifer

Megaspores

Polish Lower Toarcian palynology is assigned to the Paxillitriletes phyllicus (Ph) level (Isoetales), due to the abundance of this genus. The lower part of the Toarcian level has numerous occurrences of this species, sometimes before the genera Erlansonisporites sparassis (Selaginella-like) and Minerisporites volucris (Isoetaceae) in the Gorzów Wlkp. IG 1 borehole. The upper part contains less of the genus. The most common species found on Poland in this era include Erlansonisporites sparassis, E. excavatus, Minerisporites volucris and Biharisporites scaber (Lycopodiopsida); Aneuletes potera and Trileites murrayi (both Selaginella) are found on the upper levels. The Toarcian disturbance of the carbon cycle recorded on the Ciechocinek Formation, coincides roughly with the appearance of Paxillitriletes phyllicus. The type of dominant palynomorphs recovered changed from pollen grains during the Upper Pliensbachian to megaspores, indicating a climatic change from moderate and relatively dry to warm and humid in the early Toarcian. This shift in local climate correlates with a global maritime transgression in which volcanism in the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous provinces raised the global temperature and disrupted the carbon cycle, creating a major greenhouse effect. The prevalence of megaspore Paxillitriletes phyllicus correlate with warmth and humidity; the flora, dominated by the family Isoetaceae, requires standing water to reproduce. The megaespore Paxillitriletes phyllicus then drops significantly, indicating a return to a more moderate climate during sedimentation of the younger Borucice Formation.

Bryophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Rogalskaisporites	Rogalskaisporites cicatricosus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Sphagnopsida inside Sphagnales. Spores nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern moss genus Sphagnum. Moss related to high humid environments.	Extant Sphagnum, the typical example of the Sphagnales. Rogalskaiporites probably come from a similar Plant
Cingulatisporites	Cingulatisporites floridus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Anthocerotaceae (specially Phaeoceros, Megaceros) inside Bryophyta. Moss spores from humid settings	Extant Phaeoceros, whose spores are similar to the extinct Cingulatisporites
Cirratriradites	Cirratriradites punctatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Anthocerotaceae inside Bryophyta. Moss spores from humid settings	Extant Anthoceros, the typical example of the Anthocerotaceae. Cirratriradites probably come from a similar Plant
Foraminisporis	Foraminisporis dailyi	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Spores

Lycophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Reticulatisporites	Reticulatisporites triangulus Reticulatisporites flavus Reticulatisporites pallidus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida, but also Lepidodendraceae. Reworked from Carboniferous layers
Camptotriletes	Camptotriletes labyrinthus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Hymenozonotriletes	Hymenozonotriletes platychilus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Lagenicula	Lagenicula agnina	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Valvisisporites	Valvisisporites auritus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Chaloneriaceae inside Lycopsida. Valvisisporites and Endosporites formed a sig- nificant component of the sporae dispersae flora in Upper Carboniferous and Pennsylvanian coals of the Northern Hemisphere
Crassispora	Crassispora spongius	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Sigillariaceae, Sigillariostrobaceae and Lepidodendraceae inside Lycophyta. Rworked from Carboniferous layers. Arboreal Lycopites
Reticulatisporites	Reticulatisporites arcuatus Reticulatisporites ornatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Lycopodiumsporites	Lycopodiumsporites gristhorpensis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Resemble spores of the modern genus Lycopodium. If it belongs to a similar genus, represent low herbaceous flora spores.	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycopodiaceae. Lycopodiumsporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Foveosporites	Foveosporites canalis Foveosporites ovatus Foveosporites cavernatus Foveosporites polymicroforatus Foveosporites foveoreticulatus Foveosporites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Biharisporites	Biharisporites scabrus	Mechowo borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole	Spores
Paxillitriletes	Paxillitriletes phyllicus	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 Borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Brody-Lubienia borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Isoetales inside Lycophyta. Spores related to modern Isoetes, representing Small plants related to water bodies. Paxillitriletes comprises the main Megaspore zonation of the Toarcian of Poland, being the most abundant spore found on the Ciechocinek Formation, and the genus that marks the start of the strata. The Abundance of this genus along with Minerisporites institus points to very humid conditions during almost the entire T-OAE, upwards from CIE step 2 of the carbon isotope curves.	Extant Isoetes, typical example of Isoetales. Paxillitriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Minerisporites	Minerisporites institus Minerisporites volucris Minerisporites richardsoni	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Echitriletes	Echitriletes hispidus Echitriletes sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Bacutriletes	Bacutriletes spicatus Bacutriletes clavatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Herbaceous Lycophyte flora, similar to Ferns, ralated with Humid Settings. This Family of Spores are also the most diverse on the Formation.	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae, the Spore found in the Ciechocinek Fm probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Carnisporites	Carnisporites granulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Acanthotriletes	Acanthotriletes levidensis Acanthotriletes minor Acanthotriletes osmundiformis Acanthotriletes rarispinosus Acanthotriletes trigonis	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Spores
Eehitriletes	Eehitriletes hispidus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores
Erlansonisporites	Erlansonisporites sparassis Erlansonisporites excavatus Erlansonisporites retieulatus Erlansonisporites sparassis Erlansonisporites reticulatus Erlansonisporites tegimentus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	spores
Aneuletes	Aneuletes patera	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1	Spores
Horstisporites	Horstisporites areolatus Horstisporites planatus Horstisporites puteus Horstisporites foveatus Horstisporites pustulatus Horstisporites reticulatus Horstisporites semireticulatus Horstisporites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Trileites	Trileites turbanaeformis Trileites ales Trileites mesozoicus Trileites murray Trileites calvus Trileites candoris Trileites pyramidalis Trileites solitus Trileites usitatus Trileites pinguis Trileites utilis Trileites aerolatus Trileites phyllicus Trileites reticulatus Trileites usitatus Trileites sp.1 sp. nov. Trileites sp.2 sp. nov. Trileites sp.3 sp. nov. Trileites sp.4 sp. nov. Trileites sp.5 sp. nov. Trileites sp.6 sp. nov.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Triletes	Triletes reticulatus Triletes datura Triletes litchi Triletes phyllicus Triletes retiarius Triletes richardsoni Triletes sparassis Triletes utilis Triletes wicheri	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Striatriletes	Striatriletes reticulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Bacutriletes	Bacutriletes clavatus Bacutriletes hamatus Bacutriletes tylotus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Nathorstisporites	Nathorstisporites hopliticus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Pleuromeiales inside Lycophyta. The Plueromeiales were tall Lycophites (2 to 6 m) common on the Triassic. Probably come from a relict genus.	Reconstruction of the extinct genus Pleuromeia, typical example of Pleuromeiales. Nathorstisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Margaritatisporites	Margaritatisporites regalis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores

Equisetidae

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asterocalamotriletes	Asterocalamotriletes glabratus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Asterocalamitopsida inside Equisetopsida. Reworked from Palaeozoic horsetails Asterocalamites and Stigmatocanna.
Florinisporites	Florinisporites ovatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Equisetopsida inside Equisetopsida. Found only on Poland.	Extant Equisetum cone, the typical example of the Equisetopsida. Florinisporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones
Irrimales	Irrimales laevis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores

Filicopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Maexisporites	Maexisporites planatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Incertae Sedis affinities with the Pteridophyta. Uncertain Pteridophyte origin
Triancoraesporites	Triancoraesporites communis Triancoraesporites reticulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Trachytriletes	Trachytriletes dichotomus Trachytriletes filiciformis Trachytriletes lineatus Trachytriletes rugosus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Leiotriletes	Leiotriletes breviradiatus Leiotriletes mecklenburgensis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Botryopteridaceae inside Filicopsida. Reworked from primitive ferns found in Devonian and Carboniferous rocks of Europe
Klukisporites	Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus Klukisporites variegatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Represents large spores from herbaceous ferns, that are more abundant on the south of the Toarcian polish basin than on the north.	Extant Schizaea, typical example of the Schizaeaceae. Klukisporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Corrugatisporites	Corrugatisporites amplectiformis Corrugatisporites scanicus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores
Undulatisporites	Undulatisporites undulapolus	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Anemiaceae inside Schizaeales.	Extant Anemia caffrorum, typical example of the Anemiaceae. Undulatisporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Asplenium	Asplenium sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Aspleniaceae inside Filicopsida.	Extant Asplenium, typical example of the Aspleniaceae
Laevigatosporites	Laevigatosporites laevis Laevigatosporites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Blechnaceae inside Filicopsida.	Extant Sadleria, typical example of the Blechnaceae. Laevigatosporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Dennstaedtiites	Dennstaedtiites confragosus Dennstaedtiites concava	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Dennstaedtiaceae inside Pteridophyta. Floor Herbaceous ferns, probably from covered forest areas.	Extant Pteridium aquilinum, typical example of the Dennstaedtiaceae. Dennstaedtiites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Onychium	Onychium amplectiformis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores
Baculatisporites	Baculatisporites fuscus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with the family Osmundaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Near Fluvial currents ferns, reted to the modern Osmunda Regalis.	Example of extant Osmunda specimens, Baculatisporites and Todisporites come probably from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus
Todisporites	Todisporites hartzi Todisporites undans Todisporites goeppertianus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores
Osmundacidites	Osmundacidites wellmanii	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores
Crybelosporites	Crybelosporites stylosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Marsileaceae inside Salviniales. Represents spore from fully aquatic ferns, found associated with fluvial or deltaic deposits, where probably formed large underwater colonies.	Extant Marsilea, typical example of the Marsileaceae. Crybelosporites may have come from a similar genus
Gleicheniidites	Gleicheniidites carinatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Gleicheniaceae inside Polypodiidae. Resemble the modern Gleichenia Spores, and probably represent a similar genus or a member of it. Fern related to large colonies, found mostly on humid environments.	Extant Unidentified Gleicheniaceae. Gleicheniidites may have come from a similar genus
Marattisporites	Marattisporites scabratus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Marattiaceae inside Polypodiidae. Resemble the modern Marattia spores, probably belonging to a similar genus, related with large sized herbaceous ferns of humid environments.	Extant Marattia, typical example of the Marattiaceae. Marattisporites may have come from a similar genus
Matonisporites	Matonisporites phlebopteroides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Matoniaceae inside Polypodiidae. The so-called comb-ferns, found forming large colonies on humid settings.	Extant Matonia, typical example of the Matoniaceae. Matonisporites may have come from a similar genus
Cardioangulina	Cardioangulina parva	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Spores
Cyathidites	Cyathidites minor	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Cyathidites minor almost certainly belong to well known Mesozoic species Coniopteris hymenophylloides and to other fossil cyatheaceous or dicksoniaceous ferns such as Eboracia lobifolia and Dicksonia mariopteri.	Extant Cyathea, typical example of the Cyatheaceae. Cyathidites may have come from a similar genus
Maculatisporites	Maculatisporites granulatus	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Spores
Thuringiasporites	Thuringiasporites laevigatus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Spores
Ischyosporites	Ischyosporites variegatus Ischyosporites bulbaceous	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the genus Dicksoniaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Tree fern spores	Example of extant Lophosoria specimens

Cycadeoidophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Bennettitinae	Bennettitinae forma i sp. nov. A Bennettitinae forma i sp. nov. B	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Bennettitinae the inside Bennettitales. Very abundant Pollen.
Tricolpites	Tricolpites troedssonii Tricolpites gorzowiensis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales.
Bennettistemon	Bennettistemon bursigerum	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae the inside Bennettitales. Very abundant Pollen.	Reconstruction of Williamsonia, typical example of the Williamsoniaceae. Bennetistemon Pollen is considered to come from a similar genus
Chasmatosporites	Chasmatosporites apertus Chasmatosporites major	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with the family Zamiaceae inside Cycadales. Is among the most abundant flora recovered on the upper section of the coeval Rya Formation, and was found to be similar to the pollen of the extant Encephalartos laevifolius.	Extant Encephalartos laevifolius. Chasmatosporites maybe come from a related plant
Clavatipollenites	Clavatipollenites hughesii	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the family Cycadaceae inside Cycadales. The structure of the exine of Clavatipollenites hughesii from Jurassic deposits is fundamentally different from that of Cretaceous grains referred to the same species, confirming observations made previously on the basis of analysis under the light microscope, and suggesting a possible derivation from cycadalean rather than angiospermous plants.	Extant Cycas platyphylla. Clavatipollenites maybe come from a related plant
Cycadopites	Cycadopites couperi	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Pollen
Cycadopollenites	Cycadopollenites follicularis	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Pollen

Gnetophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Eucommiidites	Eucommiidites troedssonii	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Type Pollen of the Erdtmanithecales, that can be related with the Gnetales. Thick tectum, infratectum of small granules, indistinct or absent foot layer. Originally was thought to come from Angiosperms, latter reports suggest it come from arbustive Bennetites. It was recently found to come from Eucommiitheca, member of the enigmatic Erdtmanithecales, reinterpreted as an unusual gymnosperm grain with a single distal colpus flanked by two subsidiary lateral colps. Is very similar to the Pollen of the extant Ephedra and Welwitschia (mainly on the granular structure of the exine).

Gnetophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Ginkgocycadophytus	Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the family Karkeniaceae and Ginkgoaceae in Ginkgoales. Monosulcites was initially mistaken as Pollen coming from early Agiosperms, yet is likely from Ginkgoales	Extant Ginkgo, only surviving example of the Ginkgoaceae. Ginkgocycadophytus Pollen is pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Monosulcites	Monosulcites carpentieri Monosulcites minimus Monosulcites sp.	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Brody-Lubienia Borehole	Pollen

Coniferophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Pseudowalchia	Pseudowalchia biangulina	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Utrechtiaceae and Voltziales inside Coniferae. Primitive Conifer and possible relict taxon
Walchiapites	Walchiapites sp.	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Cordaitaceae inside Coniferae. Reworked from Permian layers
Paleoconiferus	Paleoconiferus asaccatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Paleoconiferae inside Coniferae. Primitive Conifer and possible relict taxon
Protoabies	Protoabies sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Pseudopinus	Pseudopinus pectinella	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Pollen
Patinasporites	Patinasporites toralisides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Patokaeaceae inside Coniferae. Pollen of the Conifer Patokaea silesiaca, know only from the Polish Upper Triassic (Norian) locality in Patoka.
Psophosphaera	Psophosphaera coniferoides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Araucariaceae or Pinaceae inside Coniferae.
Cerebropollenites	Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus Cerebropollenites serratus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with both Sciadopityaceae and Miroviaceae inside Pinopsida. This Pollen resemblance with extant Sciadopitys suggest that Miroviaceae can be an extinct lineage of sciadopityaceaous-like plants.	Extant Sciadopitys. Cerebropollenites likely come from a related plant
Zonalapollenites	Zonalapollenites aporosus Zonalapollenites acusus Zonalapollenites dampieri Zonalapollenites segmentatus Zonalapollenites trilobatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the family Pinaceae inside Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants	Extant Tsuga Cone, example of the Abietoideae. Pinaceae Pollen of the Ciechocinek fm is similar to the pollen found on this genus, hence the name
Abietineaepollenites	Abietineaepollenites dunrobinensis	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Brody-Lubienia Borehole	Pollen
Tsugapollenites	Tsugapollenites macroserratus Tsugaepollenites macroverrucosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen
Inaperturopollenites	Inaperturopollenites laevis Inaperturopollenites turbatus Inaperturopollenites elatoides Inaperturopollenites flavus Inaperturopollenites orbicularis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Ovalipollis	Ovalipollis breviformis Ovalipollis ovalis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Rotundipollenites	Rotundipollenites laevis Rotundipollenites lineatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Pityosporites	Pityosporites haploxylon Pityosporites minimus Pityosporites alata Pityosporites alatipollenites Pityosporites silvestris	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Quadraeculina	Quadraeculina anellaeformis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with the Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants	Extant Podocarpus. Podocarpidites and Parvisaccites maybe come from a related plant
Pseudopodocarpus	Pseudopodocarpus sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Pristinuspollenites	Pristinuspollenites sulcatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen
Classopollis	Classopollis torosus Classopollis classoides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferae. Is very abundant on hot and dry settings, found specially on the Brody-Lubienia Borehole.
Sphaeripollenites	Sphaeripollenites subgranulatus	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Pollen
Cupressacites	Cupressacites minor Cupressacites subgranulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cupressaceae inside Coniferae. The Pollen from this genus is similar to the present on the modern Fitzroya and Calocedrus.	Extant Calocedrus Cone, example of the Cupressaceae. Cupressacites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Exesipollenites	Exesipollenites tumulus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Perinopollenites	Perinopollenites elatoides Perinopollenites pseudosulcatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen
Applanopsipollenites	Applanopsipollenites dampieri Applanopsipollenites trilobatus Applanopsipollenites segmentatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Araucariaceae inside Coniferae. Resemble the pollen from the modern genus Agathis.	Extant Agathis Cone, example of the Araucariaceae. Applanopsipollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Applanopsis	Applanopsis trilobatus	Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole	Pollen
Araucariacites	Araucariacites australis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen

Fossil Wood

The Blanowice Coals fossil wood from Zawiercie area were already described in 1917 as “Blanowicer Keuperholz”, on the basis of specimens from the “Elka”, “Kamilla” and “Zygmunt” coal pits, claimed to be xylologically similar, yet no taxon was named and the collection was not preserved. Based on recent revisions of the local flora, likely belong to Agathoxylon.

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Agathoxylon	Agathoxylon agathiforme	“Elka” coal pit “Kamilla” coal pit “Zygmunt” coal pit	Isolated Logs Isolated Branches Isolated Indeterminate Woody Material Coalified Fragments	Affinities with Hirmeriellaceae or Araucariaceae inside Pinales.	Agathoxylon

Megaflora

The Lublin upland fluvial sandstones contain diverse fossil flora, associated genera and species with Lower Jurassic sediments. Carboniferous flora, similar to that of Jurassic formations, appeared in boreholes near the planned Bogdanka Coal Mine. The age of the plant material was not determined until 2020, when it was identified as Lower Toarcian (with some Late Pliensbachian strata). The Brody-Lubienia borehole is abundant in terrestrial palynomorphs and aquatic biomass. The sediments from Brody-Lubienia have a more-terrestrial character, indicated by the frequent occurrence of plant roots and paleosol horizons; moisture was probably fresh (not saline) water. The environment was probably dry, developing flora near freshwater inflow from the east.

The Lublin lias is dominated by cycads and Bennetites Ginkgoales. Ferns occur sporadically in the bottom of the Toarcian, where deposits are filled with coal, mudstone, sandstone and clay siderite (reworked from the Carboniferous) and pebbles from Devonian limestones. Similar boreholes and nearby deposits indicate the end of a river which transported Devonian-Carboniferous deposits from the northeast to the aquatic inland environment. Vegetation grew primarily outside the sedimentation area, on shores and in shallow water.

At Ahrensburg there are plant remains in all horizons: wood, plant chaff and, in the Eleganticeras layers, nutty fruits, Araucariaceous cones, conifer branches, horsetail, etc.

Equisetopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Equisetites	Equisetites foveolatus	Dobbertin	Isolated Incomplete Stems	Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetales. Found in a layer associted with Coniferous wood
Schizoneura	Schizoneura kuhni Schizoneura sp.	Dobbertin Clay Pit Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Stems Cuticles	Affinities with Equisetales inside Equisetopsida. This genus is rather scarce compared with other coeval Equisetalean fossils
Neocalamites	Neocalamites sp.	Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Cuticles	Affinities with Calamitaceae inside Equisetopsida. A common horsetail on the Liassic of Europe. .

Pteridospermatophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Pachypteris	Pachypteris lanceolata Pachypteris rhomboidalis	Lublin Coal Basin Cianowice 2 borehole	Pinnae	Affinities with the Peltaspermales inside Pteridospermatophyta. Bipinnate leaves, rachis longitudinally striated, with a long petiole and secondary rachises inserted oppositely to suboppositely on the upper side of the primary rachis. This Leaves belong to large Aboreal Ferns related with dry environments.
Stenopteris	Stenopteris (Rhaphidopteris?) duetschii	Lublin Coal Basin	Pinnae	Affinities with the Umkomasiaceae inside Pteridospermatophyta. Is very similar to Rhaphidopteris, characterized by usually bi-tripinnate, coriaceous leaves with narrow segments. It belongs to Large (up to 25 m tall) arboreal Fern-like plants.
Caytonia	Caytonia sp	Lublin Coal Basin	Ovulate Structure	Affinities with the Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Represents the Ovulate organs or large Tree ferns, and is related with the middle Jurassic flora of United Kingdom.
Sagenopteris	Sagenopteris sp	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Sagenopteris is most likely the Pinnae of the Tree Fern that also contain Caytonia.

Bennettitopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Anomozamites	Anomozamites cf. gracilis	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. Anomozamites is characterised by slender, (almost) completely and regularly segmented leaves whose leaflets are generally as long as broad or, at maximum, two times as long as broad. This genus is related with more arboreal Bennetitalean flora. Shows coriaceous leaves and is a genus linked more with dry climates.
Otozamites	Otozamites beani Otozamites graphicus	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. A more arbustive type of Bennetite, abundant on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian strata along Eurasia, related to rather dry climates.
Nilssoniopteris	Nilssoniopteris solitaria Nilssoniopteris major	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. This Bennetite has a leaf similar to Nilssonia, large, lanceolate in outline with coriaceous structure, like the modern angiosperm Philodendron. Is related with rather Dry-hot environments, with less Fern flora.
Nilssonia	Nilssonia compta Nilssonia orientalis Nilssonia polymorpha Nilssonia sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. The most abundant plant macrofossil locally, and the most diverse found on the Lublin coals. It represents a Cycad Like plant with Coriaceous leaves. Is related by some botanists with the Bennetite branch that led to Angiosperms.
Cycadolepis	Cycadolepis sp.	Cianowice 2 borehole	Bennettitalean cone scales	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales.
Weltrichia	Weltrichia spectabilis	Lublin Coal Basin	Bennetite "Flower"	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. The Bennetite flowers are the main organ that links this relatives with the Cycas with modern Angiosperms. Probably the Pollen assigned to Angiosperms come from plants with this "Flowers".
Pterophyllum	Pterophyllum thomasii Pterophyllum aequale Pterophyllum sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin) Cianowice 2 borehole	Pinnae	Affinities with the Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitopsida. Leaves from Arboreal Bennetites, similar to the modern Cyca Encephalartos woodii, with robust Trunks, built for Dry and hot climates.

Ginkgoidae

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Baiera	Baiera digitata	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Leaves	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Linked to the Hettangian-Sinemurian flora from Greenland and Skane, but also with coeval flora from the Sorthat Formation. Is the main Tree flora recovered locally.
Ginkgoites	Ginkgoites sp.	Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Cuticles	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Associated with relatively warmer and humid conditions.
Sphenobaiera	Sphenobaiera cf.spectabilis	Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Cuticles	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Associated with relatively warmer and humid conditions.

Coniferophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Hirmeriella	Hirmeriella sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Ovuliferous cones	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. The type Leave from the Cheirolepidaceae family (as Cheirolepis, the genus that give name to the family, is a junior synonym), appears to be linked with Hot climates, able to survive in dry, extreme conditions, and been fire tolerant.
Brachyphyllum	Brachyphyllum stemonium	Cianowice 2 borehole	Terminal leafy shoot fragments	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae or Araucariaceae inside Pinales. This species is only known from the Middle Jurassic of Wildtshire.
Pagiophyllum	Pagiophyllum rigidum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Fragmentary axis compression with preserved leaves	Affinities with Araucariaceae or Hirmeriellaceae inside Pinales.	Example of Pagiophyllum specimen