Biology:ACVR1B

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Short description: Protein-coding gene in humans


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1B gene.[1][2]

ACVR1B or ALK-4 acts as a transducer of activin or activin-like ligands (e.g., inhibin) signals. Activin binds to either ACVR2A or ACVR2B and then forms a complex with ACVR1B. These go on to recruit the R-SMADs SMAD2 or SMAD3.[3] ACVR1B also transduces signals of nodal, GDF-1, and Vg1; however, unlike activin, they require other coreceptor molecules such as the protein Cripto.[4]

Function

Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with a cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling, and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type IB receptor, composed of 11 exons. Alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation result in 3 fully described transcript variants. The mRNA expression of variants 1, 2, and 3 is confirmed, and a potential fourth variant contains an alternative exon 8 and lacks exons 9 through 11, but its mRNA expression has not been confirmed.[2]

Interactions

ACVR1B has been shown to interact with

References

  1. "Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity". Oncogene 8 (10): 2879–87. October 1993. PMID 8397373. 
  2. Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: ACVR1B activin A receptor, type IB". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=91. 
  3. "SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptors ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7". Mol. Pharmacol. 62 (1): 65–74. 2002. doi:10.1124/mol.62.1.65. PMID 12065756. 
  4. "Identification of a functional binding site for activin on the type I receptor ALK4". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (23): 21129–35. 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302015200. PMID 12665502. 
  5. Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors". Exp. Cell Res. 224 (2): 323–34. May 1996. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0142. PMID 8612709. 
  6. "Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor signaling". Mol. Endocrinol. 13 (1): 15–23. January 1999. doi:10.1210/mend.13.1.0218. PMID 9892009. 
  7. "Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (3): 1066–73. March 1996. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.3.1066. PMID 8622651. 

External links

Further reading