Biology:Endoglycosidase H
| Mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.2.1.96 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 37278-88-9 | ||||||||
| Alt. names | Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, N,N′-diacetylchitobiosyl β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-β-N-acetylglucosamidase, di-N-acetylchitobiosyl β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-β-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-β-(1→4)-N-acetylglucosaminidase, mannosyl-glycoprotein 1,4-N-acetamidodeoxy-β-D-glycohydrolase, endoglycosidase S, endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, endo-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase D, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase F, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase L, glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminohydrolase, endoglycosidase H | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
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The enzyme mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (endoglycosidase H) (EC 3.2.1.96) has systematic name glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-N4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminohydrolase.[1][2][3][4][5][6] It is a highly specific endoglycosidase which cleaves asparagine-linked mannose rich oligosaccharides, but not highly processed complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. It is used for research purposes to deglycosylate glycoproteins and to monitor intracellular protein trafficking through the secretory pathway.
Structure and activity
Endoglycosidase H is isolated from Streptomyces plicatus or Streptomyces griseus. Its molecular mass is 29 kDa. The primary structure was described by Robbins et al. in 1984.[7]
Endoglycosidase H cleaves the bond in the diacetylchitobiose core of the oligosaccharide between two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) subunits directly proximal to the asparagine residue, generating a truncated sugar molecule with one N-acetylglucosamine residue remaining on the asparagine.[8]
It deglycosylates mannose glycoproteins, but the extent and rate of the deglycosylation depends to a high degree on the nature of the glycoproteins. The deglycosylation rate can be increased by denaturation of the glycoproteins (e.g., by carboxymethylation, sulfitolysis or by heating in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate). The addition of 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol highly increases enzyme activity against glycoproteins containing inter- or intra-molecular disulfide bridges, unlike detergents like Triton X-100, n- Octylglucoside, or zwitterionic detergents.[9]
Biochemical applications
Endoglycosidase H is commonly used by cell biologists to monitor posttranslational modification in the Golgi apparatus. Most proteins destined for the cell surface are translated by ribosomes into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and translocated into the Golgi. Upon entering the ER a molecule containing 14 sugar subunits is linked en bloc to an asparagine in a selective manner by the enzyme oligosaccharyl transferase. It is this oligosaccharide molecule which is modified by a series of enzymes as the protein moves through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus. Endoglycosidase H is able to cleave each structure of this oligosaccharide as it is processed until the enzyme Golgi α-mannosidase II removes two mannose subunits. Since all later oligosaccharide structures are resistant to cleavage by endoglycosidase H the enzyme is widely used to report the extent of oligosaccharide processing a protein of interest has undergone.[10]
References
- ↑ "Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from fig latex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 76: 317–323. 1977. doi:10.1016/0006-291x(77)90727-6.
- ↑ "Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase acting on carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. Purification and properties of the enzyme from Diplococcus pneumoniae". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 249 (15): 4897–904. August 1974. PMID 4152561.
- ↑ "Cytosolic location of an endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity in rat liver and kidney". The Biochemical Journal 180 (3): 673–76. June 1979. doi:10.1042/bj1800673. PMID 486141.
- ↑ "Demonstration and cytosolic location of an endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity towards an asialo-N-acetyl-lactosaminic-type substrate in rat liver". The Biochemical Journal 185 (1): 261–4. January 1980. doi:10.1042/bj1850261. PMID 7378051.
- ↑ "Structural studies of two ovalbumin glycopeptides in relation to the endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 250 (21): 8569–75. November 1975. PMID 389.
- ↑ "The release of intact oligosaccharides from specific glycoproteins by endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 249 (3): 818–24. February 1974. PMID 4204553.
- ↑ "Primary structure of the Streptomyces enzyme endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 259 (12): 7577–83. June 1984. PMID 6429133.
- ↑ Endoglycosidase H, North Star
- ↑ "Optimizing hydrolysis of N-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides by endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H". Analytical Biochemistry 141 (2): 515–22. September 1984. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(84)90080-0. PMID 6437277.
- ↑ Alberts, Bruce (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8153-4072-0.
External links
Close enzymes
Endoglycosidases F and D, cleave Glc-Nac
PNGase F (Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine_amidase)
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