Biology:Iridoviridae
Iridoviridae is a family of viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes.[1] Amphibians, fish, and invertebrates such as arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 22 species in this family, divided among two subfamilies and seven genera.[1][2]
Nomenclature
The name is derived from Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow. This name was chosen because of the "rainbow-like" iridescence observed in heavily infected insects and pelleted samples of invertebrate iridoviruses.[3]
Taxonomy
The following subfamilies and genera are recognized (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus):[4]
- Alphairdovirinae
- Betairidovirinae
- Chloriridovirus
- Daphniairidovirus
- Decapodiridovirus
- Iridovirus
Structure
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphocystivirus | Polyhedral | T=189–217 | Linear | Monopartite |
| Megalocytivirus | Polyhedral | T=189–217 | Linear | Monopartite |
| Ranavirus | Polyhedral | T=133 or 147 | Linear | Monopartite |
| Iridovirus | Polyhedral | T=147 | Linear | Monopartite |
| Chloriridovirus | Polyhedral | T=189–217 | Linear | Monopartite |
Gene expression
Replication
Virus particles enter the cell and uncoating occurs. The viral DNA is transported to the host cell nucleus, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II modified by the virus. Meanwhile, host macromolecular synthesis ceases.
Parental DNA produces a genome which is then the template for replication in the cytoplasm. Large concatemers of viral DNA are formed by recombination in the cytoplasm. Packaging of the new genomes into virions occurs in the cytoplasm and the virus is released either by budding from the cell membrane or cell lysis.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphocystivirus | Fish | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Lysis; budding | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
| Megalocytivirus | Fish | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Lysis; budding | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
| Ranavirus | Frogs; snakes | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Lysis; budding | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Contact |
| Iridovirus | Insects | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Lysis; budding | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Contact |
| Chloriridovirus | Diptera with aquatic larval stage, mainly mosquitoes | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
DNA repair
Members of the Iridoviridae appear to have the capability to repair DNA damages.[5]
Pathogenesis
Host range
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Iridoviridae" (in en). https://ictv.global/report/chapter/iridoviridae/iridoviridae.
- ↑ "Viral Zone". ExPASy. http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/19.html.
- ↑ "History of the taxon: Family: Iridoviridae (2024 Release, MSL #40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202403725&taxon_name=Iridoviridae.
- ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://ictv.global/taxonomy.
- ↑ "ADRV 12L: A Ranaviral Putative Rad2 Family Protein Involved in DNA Recombination and Repair". Viruses 14 (5): 908. April 2022. doi:10.3390/v14050908. PMID 35632650.
MicrobiologyBytes: Iridoviruses, http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/kalmakoff/Iridoviruses.html, retrieved 2007-03-06 Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center & Viral Bioinformatics – Canada, University of Victoria, http://athena.bioc.uvic.ca/bioDoc/iridoviridae, retrieved 2007-03-06
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to Iridoviridae |
Wikidata ☰ Q1508492 entry
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