Biology:Lysosomal lipase
| lipase A, lysosomal acid, cholesterol esterase (Wolman disease) | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | LIPA |
| NCBI gene | 3988 |
| HGNC | 6617 |
| OMIM | 278000 |
| RefSeq | NM_000235 |
| UniProt | P38571 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 3.1.1.13 |
| Locus | Chr. 10 q23.2-23.3 |
Lysosomal lipase is a form of lipase which functions intracellularly, in the lysosomes.
Biochemical Significance
The primary function of lysosomal lipase is to hydrolyze lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol.[1] These fats are transported and degraded into free fatty acids. Lysosomal lipases function optimally at an acidic pH which are complementary with the environment found in the lysosomal lumen.[2] These enzymes were believed to only hydrolyze the lipids found in organelle membranes and extracellular lipids. However, recent studies suggest that lysosomal lipases also play a significant role in the degradation of cytosolic lipids, a characteristic that was previously limited to neutral lipases.[2] The ability of the lysosome to degrade a diverse set of cargo is attributed to the lysosomal lipase and other soluble hydrolases. These enzymes include sulphatases, phosphatases, peptidases, glycosidases, and nucleases.[3]
The biochemical role of these enzymes are observed in various pathways, specifically in lipid catabolism. At the intracellular level, the byproducts released by the lysosomal lipase are recycled for membrane assembly and energy production.[4] In addition, these enzymes participate in the production of specific fatty acids necessary for the metabolic reprogramming of CD8+ memory T cells, macrophage alternative activation, and lipid mediator synthesis.[4] As observed, the degradation of these lipids are essential to maintain homeostasis within the body. The absence or decreased activity of this enzyme could lead to various metabolic disorders.[3]
Clinical significance
A deficiency associated with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, Wolman disease, and cholesteryl ester storage disease.
Chlorpromazine is an inhibitor of lysosomal lipase.[5]
A genome wide survey suggests that lysosomal lipase A (located at chromosome 10q23.31) is associated with coronary artery disease in humans.[6]
References
- ↑ Ding, Hao-ran; Wang, Jing-lin; Ren, Hao-zhen; Shi, Xiao-lei (2018-12-12). "Lipometabolism and Glycometabolism in Liver Diseases". BioMed Research International 2018: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2018/1287127. ISSN 2314-6133. PMID 31205932.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cuervo, Ana Maria (June 2013). "Preventing lysosomal fat digestion". Nature Cell Biology 15 (6): 565–567. doi:10.1038/ncb2778. PMID 23728462. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncb2778.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Settembre, Carmine; Fraldi, Alessandro; Medina, Diego L.; Ballabio, Andrea (2013-04-23). "Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance and energy metabolism". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 14 (5): 283–296. doi:10.1038/nrm3565. ISSN 1471-0072. PMID 23609508.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zhang, Hanrui (June 2018). "Lysosomal acid lipase and lipid metabolism: new mechanisms, new questions, and new therapies". Current Opinion in Lipidology 29 (3): 218–223. doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000507. ISSN 0957-9672. PMID 29547398.
- ↑ "Lysosomal triacylglycerol lipase activity in L6 myoblasts and its changes on differentiation". Biochem. J. 227 (2): 583–9. 1985. doi:10.1042/bj2270583. PMID 4004781.
- ↑ "A Genome-wide Association Study Identifies LIPA as a Susceptibility Gene for Coronary Artery Disease". Circ Cardiovasc Genet 4 (4): 403–12. May 2011. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.958728. PMID 21606135. PMC 3157552. http://circgenetics.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=21606135. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
External links
- lysosomal+acid+lipase,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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