Biology:Quadriviridae

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Short description: Family of viruses


Quadrivirus
ODR.Quadri.fig1.png
(Left) Electron micrographs of the Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1, bar = 50 nm. (Right) Three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of RnQV1 virions at 8Å resolution.
Virus classification e
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Duplornaviricota
Class: Chrymotiviricetes
Order: Ghabrivirales
Family: Quadriviridae
Genus: Quadrivirus

Quadriviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses with a single genus Quadrivirus.[1] The fungi Rosellinia necatrix serves as a natural host. The name of the group derives from the quadripartite genome of its members where in Latin quad means four. There is only one species in this family: Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1.[2][3]

Structure

Schematic diagram of Quadriviridae virions. The four genomic segments may be separately encapsulated.[3]

Mycoviruses in the family Quadriviridae have a non-enveloped isometric capsid which consists of 60 copies of heterodimers of the structural proteins P2 and P4. The diameter of the capsid is around 48 nm.[2][3]

Genome

Genome of Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1

Family member genomes are composed of double-stranded RNA. They are divided in to four segments which each code for a protein. The length of the different segments are between 3.5 and 5.0 kbp. The total genome is around 16.8 kbp. Inside the capsid with the genome there is also the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.[2][3]

Life cycle

Quadriviruses are transmitted internally. They are propagated during cell division and hyphal anastomosis. Viral replication occurs in the cytoplasm. It follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The fungi Rosellinia necatrix serves as a natural host.[2][3]

Taxonomy

Phylogenetic tree of quadriviruses, chrysoviruses and some totiviruses

The family Quadrivirdae has one genus Quadrivirus which contains the species:[4]

  • Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1

References

  1. Chiba, S; Castón, JR; Ghabrial, SA; Suzuki, N; Ictv Report, Consortium (November 2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Quadriviridae.". The Journal of General Virology 99 (11): 1480–1481. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001152. PMID 30265238. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "ICTV Report Quadriviridae". http://www.ictv.global/report/quadriviridae. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/4957.html. 
  4. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. https://ictv.global/taxonomy. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q18811737 entry