Biology:Tectivirus

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Short description: Family of viruses


Tectiviridae
1gw7.jpg
CryoEM model of Enterobacteria phage PRD1 capsid. PDB entry 1gw7[1]
Virus classification e
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Preplasmiviricota
Class: Tectiliviricetes
Order: Kalamavirales
Family: Tectiviridae
Genera

See text

Tectiviridae is a family of viruses with 10 species in five genera. Bacteria serve as natural hosts.[2][3] Tectiviruses have no head-tail structure, but are capable of producing tail-like tubes of ~ 60×10 nm upon adsorption or after chloroform treatment. The name is derived from Latin tectus (meaning 'covered').[4]

Virology

Entry mechanism Enterobacteria phage PRD1

The virions of Tectiviridae species are non-enveloped, icosahedral and display a pseudo T=25 symmetry.[2] The capsid has two layers. The outer layer is a protein structure of 240 capsid proteins trimers, and the inner one is a proteinaceous lipid membrane which envelopes the virus genome. Apical spikes extending about 20 nanometers (nm) protrude from the icosahedrons vertices.[citation needed]

The genome is a single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA of 15 kilobases in length, and has 30 open reading frames.[2] It forms a tightly packed coil and encodes several structural proteins. It encodes about 30 proteins that are transcribed in operons. At least 9 structural proteins are present in the viron. The genome is about 66 megadaltons in weight and constitutes 14–15% of the virion by weight. Lipids constitute a further 15% by weight. Carbohydrates are not present.[citation needed]

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell.[2] After adsorption to the host cell surface the virion extrudes a tail-tube structure through a vertex for genome delivery into the host. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription.[2] Capsid proteins polymerize around a lipoprotein vesicle translocated in the cytoplasm by virion assembly factors.

Mature virons are released by lysis, which, in the case of PRD1, is achieved with the aid of virus-encoded lysis machinery consisting of four proteins: P15 (endolysin),[5] P35 (holin),[6] P36 and P37 (homologues of the Rz/Rz1 proteins of phage lambda).[7]

Taxonomy

Tectiviridae contains the following genera and species:[3]

  • Alphatectivirus
    • Pseudomonas virus PR4
    • Pseudomonas virus PRD1
  • Betatectivirus
  • Deltatectivirus
    • Streptomyces virus Forthebois
    • Streptomyces virus WheeHeim
  • Epsilontectivirus
    • Rhodococcus virus Toil
  • Gammatectivirus
    • Gluconobacter virus GC1

Other unassigned phages:[8]

References

  1. San Martín, C; Huiskonen, JT; Bamford, JK; Butcher, SJ; Fuller, SD; Bamford, DH; Burnett, RM (2002). "Minor proteins, mobile arms and membrane-capsid interactions in the bacteriophage PRD1 capsid". Nature Structural Biology 9 (10): 756–63. doi:10.1038/nsb837. PMID 12219080. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/579.html. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. https://ictv.global/taxonomy. 
  4. "ICTV Ninth Report; 2009 Taxonomy Release: Tectiviridae". https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/133/tectiviridae. 
  5. "Gene XV of bacteriophage PRD1 encodes a lytic enzyme with muramidase activity". Eur J Biochem 225 (1): 341–346. 1994. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00341.x. PMID 7925454. 
  6. "Identification and mutational analysis of bacteriophage PRD1 holin protein P35". J Bacteriol 185 (13): 3795–3803. 2003. doi:10.1128/JB.185.13.3795-3803.2003. PMID 12813073. 
  7. "Identification and functional analysis of the Rz/Rz1-like accessory lysis genes in the membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1". Mol Microbiol 68 (2): 492–503. 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06165.x. PMID 18366440. 
  8. Unclassified Tectiviridae. NCBI Taxonomy.

Further reading

  • ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.068. Tectiviridae. In: ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 3. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
  • Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses H.V. Van Regenmortel, D.H.L. Bishop, M. H. Van Regenmortel, Claude M. Fauquet (Eds)
  • 68.0.1. Tectivirus

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q569755 entry