Chemistry:Cridanimod
Cridanimod, also known as cycloferon or meglumine acridone acetate,[1] is a low molecular weight immunomodulatory drug known to trigger the production of interferons, which are proteins that play a crucial role in the immune response against viral infections. It is primarily used in the treatment and prevention of various viral infections, including influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), as well as in managing conditions such as HIV and herpes infections.
Mechanism of action
Cridanimod functions as an inducer of endogenous interferons, particularly types 1 and 2, which are essential in the body's defense against viral pathogens. By stimulating the production of these interferons, cridanimod enhances the immune system's ability to combat viral infections and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.[2][3][4]
Clinical efficacy
Several studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of cridanimod in treating viral infections. In the context of respiratory infections, cridanimod has been shown to significantly reduce the duration and intensity of symptoms such as fever and to decrease the incidence of complications like pneumonia.[4] In a systematic review and meta-analysis, cridanimod was found to increase the chances of recovery and reduce the frequency of recurrent exacerbations in otorhinolaryngologic diseases by 25%.[5] Additionally, its use in children and adults with viral respiratory diseases has been associated with a more than five-fold increase in the probability of avoiding severe disease outcomes.[6]
Applications in other infections
Beyond respiratory infections, cridanimod has been used effectively in the treatment of HIV and herpes infections. Studies indicate that cycloferon can provide more than a three-fold increase in achieving stable remission and reducing exacerbation frequency compared to basic therapies.[7] It has also been utilized in managing virus-associated inflammatory gynecologic diseases, with a reported clinical efficacy of 79%.[8]
References
- ↑ "Meglumine acridone acetate, the ionic salt of CMA and N-methylglucamine, induces apoptosis in human PBMCs via the mitochondrial pathway". Scientific Reports 9 (1). December 2019. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54208-9. PMID 31796757. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...918240P.
- ↑ "[The therapeutic efficacy of cycloferon and the pharmacological activity of interferon inducers]". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 86 (1): 83–88. 2014. PMID 24754075.
- ↑ "[The Use of Cycloferon for the Treatment and Prevention of Influenza and Acute Respiratory Viral Infections]". Klinicheskaia Meditsina 93 (3): 57–63. 2015. PMID 26168605.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "[Cycloferon, as an agent in the therapy and urgent prophylaxis of influenza and acute respiratory tract viral infection (multicentre randomized controlled comparative study)]". Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and Chemoterapy [Sic] 54 (7–8): 30–32, 34–36. 2009. PMID 20201401.
- ↑ "[Cycloferon efficacy in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis]". Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 84 (3): 82–88. 2019. doi:10.17116/otorino20198403182. PMID 31486434.
- ↑ "[Clinical efficacy of the immunomodulatory agent cycloferon (tablets) in viral respiratory infections: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis]" (in ru). Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 89 (11): 84–92. 2017-11-15. doi:10.17116/terarkh2017891184-92. PMID 29260751.
- ↑ "[Clinical Efficiency of Cycloferon in Children and Adults With HIV and/ or Herpes Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]". Georgian Medical News (282): 121–129. September 2018. PMID 30358555.
- ↑ "[Effectiveness of cycloferon in treating virus-associated inflammatory gynecologic diseases]". Voprosy Virusologii 44 (3): 130–133. 1999. PMID 10392438.
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