Chemistry:Riamilovir

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Riamilovir, sold under the brand name Triazavirin, is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed in Russia through a joint effort of Ural Federal University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Center for Biopharma Technologies and Medsintez Pharmaceutical.[1] It has a novel triazolotriazine core, which represents a new structural class of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs.[2]

The principal action of riamilovir is to inhibit the synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the replication of viral genomic fragments through its synthetic analogue to the bases of purine nucleosides.[3][4][5]

Medical uses

Riamilovir is used for the prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI and COVID-19.

Research

It was originally developed as a potential treatment for pandemic influenza strains, including lethal ones such as A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2)[6][7] and H5N1, and most of the trials conducted focused on anti-influenza activity. However, riamilovir has also been found to have antiviral activity against a number of other RNA viruses including COVID-19,[8] tick-borne encephalitis virus,[4][9] and is also being investigated for potential application against a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza,[10] Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease.[11][12][13][14][15] Riamilovir has passed clinical trials and has shown antiviral activity against ARVI.[16][17][18][19] In 2020, testing of riamilovir was started against SARS-CoV-2 in Russia, China,[20] and South Africa.[21][22][23][24][25][26][excessive citations] Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial published in 2024 show that Riamilovir has demonstrated efficacy in both treating and preventing COVID-19.[27][28]

In August 2014, the Ministry of Health of Russia issued a registration certificate for riamilovir (Triazavirin).[29] The active substance of the drug triazavirin is a new active molecule,[2] and can be dispensed by prescription. The production of riamilovir is carried out at a modern pharmaceutical enterprise LLC "Plant Medsintez".[1] The registration procedure for riamilovir has begun in the Republic of South Africa.[25]

See also

  • List of Russian drugs

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Triazaverin Is Officially Recommended". https://www.medsintez.com/en/novosti/127-triazavirin-ofitsialno-rekomendovan. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Nucleophilic substitution of nitro group in nitrotriazolotriazines as a model of potential interaction with cysteine-containing proteins.". Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 51 (3): 275–280. 2015. doi:10.1007/s10593-015-1695-4. 
  3. ↑ "Antiviral properties, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of a novel azolo-1,2,4-triazine-derived inhibitor of influenza A and B virus replication". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54 (5): 2017–2022. May 2010. doi:10.1128/AAC.01186-09. PMID 20194696. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "[Investigation of Triazavirin antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis pathogen in cell culture]" (in ru). Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia 59 (1–2): 3–5. 2014. PMID 25051708. 
  5. ↑ "[Investigation of triazavirin antiviral activity against influenza A virus (H5N1) in cell culture]" (in ru). Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia 52 (11–12): 18–20. 2007. PMID 19275052. 
  6. ↑ "Comparative Effectiveness of Riamilovir and Umifenovir for Treating Influenza". Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 66 (3–4): 35–39. 2021-06-25. doi:10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-3-4-35-39. ISSN 0235-2990. https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/803. 
  7. ↑ "A comparative efficacy and safety of using antiviral drugs in therapy of patients with influenza" (in ru). Infekcionnye Bolezni 15 (3): 25–32. 2017. doi:10.20953/1729-9225-2017-3-25-32. 
  8. ↑ "Results of a randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of riamilovir in the treatment of COVID-19". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 96 (5): 517–522. 2024-06-03. doi:10.26442/00403660.2024.05.202770. ISSN 2309-5342. PMID 38829814. https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/view/632975. 
  9. ↑ "[Investigation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Triazavirin Against Experimental Forest-Spring Encephalitis on Albino Mice]" (in ru). Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia 60 (7–8): 11–13. 2015. PMID 26863736. 
  10. ↑ "Effect of triazavirine on the outcome of a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza in mice". Microbiology Independent Research Journal 4 (1). 2018-02-22. doi:10.18527/2500-2236-2017-4-1-52-57. https://www.mir-journal.org/issues/4/4/. 
  11. ↑ "Target: Ebola". Pravda. 2014-12-22. http://english.pravda.ru/health/22-12-2014/129359-target_ebola-0/. 
  12. ↑ "Yekaterinburg pharmacies to sell domestic antiviral drug". Yekaterinburg News Reports. 6 January 2015. http://yekaterinburgnews.com/daily-news/yekaterinburg-pharmacies-to-sell-domestic-antiviral-drug/11873/. 
  13. ↑ "Ebola crisis: Vaccine 'too late' for outbreak. BBC News, 17 October 2014". BBC News. 2014-10-17. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29649572. 
  14. ↑ "Russia Will Begin Testing Triazavirin, Used For Lassa Fever, And Other Drugs On Ebola: Health Ministry.". International Business Times. 12 November 2014. http://www.ibtimes.com/russia-will-begin-testing-triazavirin-used-lassa-fever-other-drugs-ebola-health-1722194. 
  15. ↑ "New antiviral drug from Urals will help fight Ebola and other viruses.". Russia Beyond the Headlines. 12 November 2014. http://rbth.com/science_and_tech/2014/11/12/new_antiviral_drug_from_urals_will_help_fight_ebola_and_othe_41349.html. 
  16. ↑ "Study of effectiveness of antiviral drugs (umifenovir, triazavirin) against acute respiratory viral infections" (in ru). Kazan Medical Journal 99 (2): 215–223. 2018-04-15. doi:10.17816/KMJ2018-215. ISSN 2587-9359. https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/8409. 
  17. ↑ "The Possibilities of Etiotropic Therapy for Influenza and ARVI with Taking into Account the Period of Hospitalization and the Risk of Developing Secondary Complications". Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 64 (3–4): 10–14. 2019. doi:10.24411/0235-2990-2019-100012. https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/124. Retrieved 2021-02-25. 
  18. ↑ "[The practice of using a domestic antiviral drug in the etiotropic therapy of acute respiratory viral infection]" (in ru). Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 92 (12): 160–164. December 2020. doi:10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200427. PMID 33720589. 
  19. ↑ "Modern Etiotropic Therapy of Influenza and ARVI in Adult Patients with Premorbid Pathology". Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 63 (7–8): 47–50. 2018. https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/96. Retrieved 2021-02-25. 
  20. ↑ "Small-molecule antiviral treatments for COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 63 (3). March 2024. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107096. PMID 38244811. 
  21. ↑ "China Testing Russia's Triazavirin As Coronavirus Treatment". Russian Health Ministry. Urdupoint. 4 February 2020. https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/china-testing-russias-triazavirin-as-coronav-828779.html. 
  22. ↑ "China Tests Russian Antiviral Drug Which Might Treat Coronavirus As Moscow Warns Of Possible 'Mass Outbreak'". Zambia Reports. 5 February 2020. https://zambiareports.com/2020/02/05/china-tests-russian-antiviral-drug-might-treat-coronavirus-moscow-warns-possible-mass-outbreak/. 
  23. ↑ "Efficacy and Safety of Triazavirin Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial". Engineering 6 (10): 1185–1191. October 2020. doi:10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.011. PMID 32923016. Bibcode: 2020Engin...6.1185W. 
  24. ↑ "SA study to trial antiviral Triazavirin as COVID-19 treatment" (in en). https://ewn.co.za/2021/01/20/sa-study-to-trial-antiviral-triazavirin-as-covid-19-treatment. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Discussion on Russia's antiviral drug Triazavirin". SABC News. 21 January 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbMpopd7N14&t=22s. 
  26. ↑ "Practical Experience of Using Riamilovir in Treatment of Patients with Moderate COVID-19". Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 65: 27–30. 21 November 2020. doi:10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-7-8-27-30. 
  27. ↑ "[Results of a randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of riamilovir in the treatment of COVID-19]". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 96 (5): 517–522. June 2024. doi:10.26442/00403660.2024.05.202770. PMID 38829814. 
  28. ↑ "[Results of a randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of the drug riamilovir for the prevention of COVID-19]". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 96 (3): 280–285. April 2024. doi:10.26442/00403660.2024.03.202652. PMID 38713044. 
  29. ↑ "Triazavirin (Riamilovir)" (in Ru). State Register of Medicines of the Russian Federation. http://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=d552450f-6223-43a2-87af-e5840a632b19&t=. 



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