Engineering:List of megaprojects

Short description: none

This is a list of megaprojects, which may be defined as projects that cost more than US$1 billion and attract a large amount of public attention because of their effects on communities, the natural and built environment, and budgets; or more simply "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public".

Megaprojects can be found in many fields of human endeavor, including bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, hospitals, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and military weapons. The following lists are far from comprehensive.

Legend

Terms used in the Status column	Status color
Proposed
In Planning, Approved, Under/In Development, Under Construction, Re-Construction In Progress, Nearly Complete
On Hold
Abandoned, Cancelled
Completed

Aerospace projects

Project	Companies	Location	Proposal year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
A-7 Corsair II	Ling-Temco-Vought	United States	1963	Completed	1984		A single-seat carrier-capable subsonic attack fighter used by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy in the 1960s to 1990s. A derivative of the Vought F-8 Crusader, it saw heavy use in battle in Southeast Asia in addition to its subsequent use in later conflicts such as the Gulf War.
Airbus A380	Airbus		2003	Completed	2021	US$25 billion	A double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner.
Antonov An-225	Antonov		1988	Completed	2022		This was the longest and heaviest aircraft in service until it was destroyed during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Only one was completed.
B-1 Lancer	Rockwell International	United States	1980s	Completed			A supersonic bomber with a variable-sweep wing built in the 1980s as a strategic bomber. It has since acquired conventional and multi-role capabilities.
B-2 Spirit	Northrop Grumman	United States	1987	Completed	2000		A US heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth. Total program cost including development, engineering, and testing averaged $2.1 billion per aircraft in 1997.
B-29 Superfortress	Boeing	United States	1943	Completed	1946	US$3 billion	The first nuclear bomber cost 50% more to develop than the bombs in the Manhattan Project.
B-52 Stratofortress	Boeing	United States	1952	Completed	1963		One of the largest military aircraft ever built. In service since 1955, with decades more planned. All subsequent U.S. bombers have also been megaprojects.
B-58 Hustler	Convair	United States	1960	Completed	1970		An all-weather, high altitude supersonic bomber with a fixed delta wing and 4 engines. The Hustler was operational from 1960 to 1970 in the US Air Force's Strategic Air Command for the deployment of up to 5 gravity nuclear weapons.
Boeing 2707 and Lockheed L-2000 supersonic aircraft	Lockheed, Boeing, US Department of Defense	United States	1963	Cancelled	1971		A U.S. government competition to build the first U.S. supersonic transport (SST) was canceled before prototypes were built for political, environmental and economic reasons.
Boeing 747	Boeing		1970	Completed	2023		A wide-body commercial airliner first produced in 1970, often referred to by the nickname Jumbo Jet, is among the world's most recognizable aircraft with uses for long-distance passenger transport, cargo, the US President's official shuttle plane, and as NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
Boeing 787	Boeing	United States	2007	Completed	Ongoing		Made with local and globally sourced parts; the first major aircraft to be made largely out of composite materials.
C-5 Galaxy	Lockheed	United States	1961	Completed	1969	Over $1 billion	The largest and heaviest aircraft of any kind for over a decade (1970 to 1982). This military cargo plane was the first development program with a billion dollar cost overrun.
Concorde	Aérospatiale, British Aircraft Corporation	United Kingdom, France	1965	Completed	1979		A product of an Anglo-French government treaty, the supersonic passenger airliner Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for twenty-seven years.
F-22 Raptor	Lockheed Martin	United States	1996	Completed	2011		A single seat, twin-engine fifth-generation fighter that uses stealth technology.
F-35 Lightning II	Lockheed Martin	United States	2006	Completed	Ongoing	US$2 trillion	A single seat, single engine, all-weather stealth multirole combat aircraft that is intended to perform both air superiority and strike missions. $2 trillion cost is from 2000 to 2088.
KH-11 Kennen	Lockheed	United States	1976	Completed	1990		Reconnaissance satellite.
Sukhoi Su-57	Sukhoi	Russia		Completed			A fifth-generation stealth fighter jointly developed for the Russian Air Force. Indian Air Force cancelled its order.
TF Kaan	Turkish Aerospace Industries	Turkey	2011	In progress	2030s	$20 billion	A stealthy, twin-engine, all-weather air superiority fighter, classified as a fifth-generation fighter.
Tupolev Tu-144	Tupolev	Soviet Union	1968	Completed			The first supersonic transport aircraft. First flown on 31 Dec 1968; entered service on 26 Dec 1975.
Tupolev Tu-160	Tupolev	Soviet Union		Completed			The largest combat aircraft, supersonic aircraft, and variable-sweep aircraft ever built.

Disaster cleanup

While most megaprojects are planned and undertaken with careful forethought, some are undertaken out of necessity after a natural disaster occurs. There have also been a few human-made disasters. Major restoration was necessary after the destruction caused by World War I and II, some of which was paid for by German reparations for World War I and for World War II.

Project	Location	Disaster	Disaster year	Status	Completion year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Great Mississippi Flood relief	Mississippi Delta region	Great Mississippi Flood of 1927	1927	Completed		$246 million to $1 billion	$4.2–$17.3 billion in 2023 dollars
Mount St. Helens eruption cleanup	Washington state, U.S.	1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens	1980	Completed		$1.1 billion
Chernobyl New Safe Confinement	Chernobyl, Ukraine	Chernobyl disaster	1986	Completed	2019	€2.15 billion	The New Safe Confinement accounts for €1.5 billion, with the remainder going to related remedial work and maintenance.
Exxon Valdez oil spill	Prince William Sound	Exxon Valdez oil spill	1989	Completed		Over $2 billion
Northridge earthquake disaster relief	Los Angeles, U.S.	1994 Northridge earthquake	1994	Completed		$13–50 billion
AZF chemical factory explosion cleanup	Toulouse, France	Toulouse chemical factory explosion	2001	Completed		€2 billion
Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	Indian Ocean coastline areas	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	2004	Completed		US$6.25 billion
Hurricane Katrina disaster relief	Atlantic basin countries	Hurricane Katrina	2005	Completed		$190 billion
Deepwater Horizon cleanup	Gulf of Mexico	Deepwater Horizon oil spill	2010	Completed		$65 billion
Fukushima disaster cleanup	Fukushima, Japan	Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster	2011	Completed		US$187 billion	Cost includes compensation, decontamination, interim storage, and decommissioning of reactors.
Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami disaster relief	Pacific Rim	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	2011	Completed		US$360 billion	Cost includes Fukushima disaster cleanup and economic losses.

• 
  Construction of the new confinement structure for the nuclear reactor that melted down at Chernobyl in Ukraine.
• 
  Bags of oily waste are piled up during the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989.
• 
  Tsunami cleanup in Japan.
• A Moore, Oklahoma resident begins cleaning debris from the wreckage of his home in the aftermath of the 2013 tornado.
  A Moore, Oklahoma resident begins cleaning debris from the wreckage of his home in the aftermath of the 2013 tornado.

Energy projects

Project	Location	Capacity (MW)	Start year	Status	Completion year	Cost (billions)	Notes	Ref
Abreu e Lima Refinery	Abreu e Lima, Brazil		2007	Under construction	est. 2029	$20 bn USD
Angra 3 Nuclear Power Plant	Angra dos Reis, Brazil	1405 MW	1981	Under construction	est. 2033	$6.7 bn USD	The construction works have undergone several stoppages over the decades.
Australia-Asia Power Link	Northern Territory, Australia			Proposed		$35 bn AUD (est.)	Electricity infrastructure project planned to include the world's largest solar plant, the world's largest battery, and the world's longest submarine power cable.
Celtic Interconnector	Cork, Ireland	700	2023	Under construction	est. 2026	€1.6 bn EUR (est.)	Subsea HVDC connection between Ireland and France under the Celtic Sea
Khavda Solar Park	Gujarat, India	30000		Completed	2025		Located in the Rann of Kutch; will cover an area of 726 km2 (280 sq mi) once completed.
Omkareshwar Floating Solar Power Park	Madhya Pradesh, India	600		Under construction	2023 (Phase I)		Aims to become the world's largest floating solar park.
KSEB- Kerala Dam Wind Farm, India	Kerala, India	100 MW		Under construction	2025
Bhadla Solar Park	Rajasthan, India	2245		Completed	2020		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.
Benban Solar Park	Egypt	1500		Completed	2019	$3.5–4 bn USD
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant	Morong, Bataan, Philippines	621		Completed	1984	Over $2.3 bn USD	The plant never opened due to political change and safety issues, and its planned reactivation has become the focal point of the Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines.
Boundary Dam Power Station	Saskatchewan, Canada	531	1959	Completed		$1.5 bn CAD	The world's first large-scale, coal-fired carbon capture and storage plant
Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant	Haryana, India	1400		In progress	2032		NPCIL had started the procurement activities for this project, as BHEL secured the order for supply of steam generators to this project
Genesis Solar Energy Project	Blythe, California, U.S.	250		Completed	2014		One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.	-	Ivanpah Solar Power Facility	Mojave Desert, California, U.S.	392		Completed			One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations. Operational since February 2014.	-	Kemper County Energy Facility	Mississippi, U.S.	582	2010	Suspended		$7.5 bn USD	The world's first construction attempt of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant with Carbon Capture & Sequestration. However, after significant delays and cost overruns, the gasification process is currently suspended and the power plant runs just on regular natural gas.
Mojave Solar Project	Barstow, California, U.S.	280		Completed	2014		One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.	-	Noor Abu Dhabi	Abu Dhabi, UAE	1177		Completed	2019		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.
Olkiluoto 3	Eurajoki, Finland	1600	2005	Completed	2022	€11 bn EUR	Began regular operations in April 2023.
Panamanian Natural Gas electric power plant	Colón Province, Panama						Currently has an investment of $1.15 bn USD.
Pavagada Solar Park	Karnataka, India	2050		Completed	2019		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park	Bahawalpur, Pakistan	1000	2015	Completed			Phase-1 of 100 MW Operational since 2015. Expected to be one of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.	-	Rio de Janeiro Petrochemical Complex	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil		2006	Under construction	est. 2030	Over $47 bn USD
Solana Generating Station	Gila Bend, Arizona, U.S.	280		Completed	2013		Includes a 6h thermal energy storage. One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.	-	Solar Energy Generating Systems	Mojave Desert, California, U.S.	354	1984-1991	Completed			Collection of 9 units. One of the largest operational solar thermal power stations.	-	Tengger Desert Solar Park	Ningxia, China	1547		Completed	2016		One of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.
Three Gorges Dam	Hubei Province, China	22500	1994	Completed	2003	¥203 bn	The largest hydro-electric facility in the world.	-	Tres Amigas SuperStation	United States		n/a	Cancelled	n/a	$2 bn (early estimate)	A proposed interconnection between the Eastern Interconnection, the Western Interconnection, and the Texas Interconnection, effectively connecting nearly all electrical grids in North America.	-	Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station	Jenkinsville, South Carolina, U.S.	973	2013	Cancelled		Over $2.5 bn USD	The project planned to construct some of the first new nuclear units in the United States in over 30 years at an existing nuclear power plant. The project was cancelled and all work stopped in July 2017.
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant	Waynesboro, Georgia, U.S.		2013	Completed	2024 (proj.)		Construction of two new nuclear units at an existing nuclear power plant.	-	Yarlung Zangbo hydropower project	Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China		2025	Under construction		1.2 trillion RMB	A hydropower project under construction on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in the People's Republic of China.

Science projects

Research and development

Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Copernicus	European Union	1998	Ongoing		€6.8 billion (2020)	Satellite constellation program for global monitoring	-	COVID-19 vaccine development	Worldwide	2020	Completed	2023	€93 billion (2021)	Global efforts to develop a vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus
Human Genome Project	United States/Worldwide	1990	Completed	2003	$5 billion USD (2021 adj.)	U.S.-led international effort to sequence the human genome
Manhattan Project	United States	1942	Completed	1946	$22.8 billion USD (2021 adj.)	U.S. government effort to produce the first nuclear bombs.

Physics and astronomy infrastructure

Project	Location	Start year	Status	End year	Cost	Notes	Ref
Atacama Large Millimeter Array	Atacama Desert, Chile		Completed				-	Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility	Fermilab, Sanford Underground Research Facility, U.S.	2032 (proj.)	In progress		$3 billion USD (phase 1 est.)
Electron-ion collider	Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S.	2020	In progress		US$1.6–2.6 billion		-	Envisat	Outer space	2002	Completed			An Earth observation satellite of the European Space Agency; inactive since 2012.	-	European Spallation Source	Lund, Sweden	2013	In progress	2025 (proj.)		Strongest-ever spallation source for advanced and new material research development.	-	European X-ray free electron laser	Schenefeld, Germany	2017	Completed		€1.22 billion	Used for material research.
Extremely Large Telescope	Chile	2014	In progress	2029 (proj.)		World's largest optical to mid infrared telescope.
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research	Darmstadt, Germany	2012	In progress	2025 (proj.)
Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope	Guizhou Province, China	2011	Completed	2020	¥1.2 billion	The world's largest static/semi-static radio telescope measuring 500 m (1,600 ft) across.	-	Giant Magellan Telescope	Vallenar, Chile	2015	In progress	2025 (proj.)	US$2 billion	A large ground-based optical and near infrared telescope.	-	India-based Neutrino Observatory	Tamil Nadu, India	2015	In progress		₹1,500 crore (est.) (15 billion)		-	ITER	France	2013	In progress	2025 (proj.)	Up to €65 billion (est.)	International effort to build the world's largest nuclear fusion reactor.
Large Hadron Collider	Switzerland, France	1997		2007	~$4.75 billion	13 TeV CERN particle accelerator. [[Compact Muon Solenoid detector for the Large Hadron Collider|220px|center]]
Advanced LIGO	Washington state and Louisiana, U.S.	1994	Completed	2002	More than US$1 billion	A large-scale physics experiment and observatory to measure gravitational waves
MYRRHA	Belgium		In progress	2036 (proj.)		Prototype of an accelerator-driven system to transmute nuclear waste	-	National Ignition Facility	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, U.S.	1997	Completed	2009	Almost $1 billion (2002 est.	United States nuclear fusion project	-
Proton Improvement Project ("PIP II")		2020	In progress	2028 (proj.)	$1.28 billion USD	2022 est.
Square Kilometre Array	South Africa, Australia	2018	In progress	2028 (proj.)			-	Superconducting Super Collider	Waxahachie, Texas, U.S.		Cancelled		US$8.4 billion (1993 est.)	40 TeV particle accelerator	-	Tevatron	Batavia, Illinois, U.S.	1969	Completed	1983	US$120 million	Inactive TeV particle accelerator.	-	Thirty Meter Telescope	Mauna Kea Observatories, U.S.	2014	Halted			Large optical and near infrared telescope. Halted due to protests.	-	Very Large Array	New Mexico, U.S.	1973	Completed	1980		Radio astronomy observatory.	-	Virgo interferometer	Cascina, Italy	1996	Completed	2003		Gravitational-wave observatory
Wendelstein 7-X	Greifswald, Germany	2005	Completed	2015	€1.06 billion	An experimental stellarator (nuclear fusion reactor)	} Spacecraft Project Organization(s) Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics ESA 2000s In progress 2035 (proj.) Planned X-ray telescope. - Cassini–Huygens NASA, ESA, ASI Completed 2017 $3.26 billion USD Spacecraft mission that studied Saturn and its many natural satellites. Chandrayaan program ISRO 2003 Active $170 million USD Lunar exploration program. - Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 6 China Active Lunar exploration spacecraft equipped with landers, orbiters and rover. It will for the first time in history explore the dark side of the Moon. - Compass navigation system China Est. 2015 Completed Est. 2017 Independent system of satellite navigation - Europa Clipper NASA 2022 Active Interplanetary mission to study Jupiter's moon Europa. Launched October 2024. - Gaia spacecraft ESA 2013 Active 2025 (proj.) $1 billion USD Mission to create a 3D map of local Milky Way. Galileo Navigation Satellite System European Union, ESA 2016 Active €5 billion EUR Galileo spacecraft NASA 1989 Completed 2003 $1.5 billion USD (2003) Mission to Jupiter. Global Positioning System United States Department of Defense 1973 Active Over $21.7 billion USD Global satellite navigation system. GLONASS Roscosmos 1982 Active The Russian global navigation satellite system. - Herschel Space Observatory ESA, NASA 2009 Completed 2013 €1.1 billion Space observatory sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre bands. Hubble Space Telescope NASA 1978 Active $10 billion USD Optical telescope orbiting in low Earth orbit International Space Station NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, CSA 1998 Active $150 billion USD (2010) - James Webb Space Telescope NASA, ESA, CSA 2021 Active $8.8 billion USD (2013) ) Juno spacecraft NASA 2011 Active New Frontiers mission to Jupiter - Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer ESA 2023 Active Mission to Jupiter - Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ESA 2032 (proj.) Proposed An L3 class mission designed to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves. - Lunokhod ("Moonwalker") Soviet space program 1969 Completed 1977 Inactive series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world. - Mars program Soviet space program 1960 Completed 1973 Inactive series of uncrewed spacecraft. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters. - Mars Science Laboratory (with Curiosity) NASA 2011 Active $2.5 billion USD Mars 2020 (with Perseverance and Ingenuity NASA 2020 Active A Mars rover mission under the Mars Exploration Program. - Mir Soviet space program, Roscosmos 1986 Completed 2001 Russian space station in low Earth orbit. - Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope NASA 2027 (proj.) In development A wide field infrared space telescope. - NAVIC ISRO 2013 Active The Indian equivalent of GPS. - Orion spacecraft NASA 2014 Active Part of the Artemis program. - Planck spacecraft ESA 2009 Completed 2013 A mission to measure the cosmic microwave background. - Venera Soviet space program 1961 Completed 1984 Venus series space probes developed to gather data from Venus. Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to land on Venus and first to transmit data from there back to Earth. - Sutherland spaceport British space programme 2023 In development This will be the first spaceport in the UK. } Other spaceflight projects Project Organization(s) Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, CSA 2011 Active $2 billion A particle physics experiment module mounted on the International Space Station Apollo program NASA 1960 Completed 1975 $203.4 billion USD (2015) As a centerpiece of the US Space Program, culminated in crewed exploratory missions to the Moon. Ariane ESA 1973 Active A family of European launch vehicles; the most recent variant is Ariane 6. - Artemis program NASA with partners JAXA, ESA, CSA, DLR, ASI, ISA 2017 Active - Avatar RLV DRDO, ISRO Proposed Indian version of the Space Shuttle. - Baikonur Cosmodrome Soviet space program, Roscosmos, Russian Aerospace Forces 1955 Active The world's first and largest operational space launch facility. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the Soviet space program. - Buran program Soviet space program, Roscosmos 1974 Cancelled 1993 Soviet version of the Space Shuttle. - Constellation program NASA 2005 Cancelled 2010 Cancelled planned Moon landing spacecraft and Space Shuttle replacement. Part of it lives on as future Crew Escape Vehicle for the ISS. - SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure SpaceX 2016 Active A privately funded spaceflight system capable of enabling human settlements on Mars. - Kennedy Space Center NASA 1968 Active The main spaceport for US-crewed space flight. - Shenzhou program China Manned Space Agency 1992 Active Chinese human spaceflight program. - Soyuz program Soviet space program, Roscosmos 1966 Active Human spaceflight program. - Soviet Moonshot Soviet space program 1962 Cancelled 1969 Cancelled Moon landing program. - Space Launch System NASA 2011 Active An American Space Shuttle-derived heavy expendable launch vehicle. - Space Shuttle program NASA 1972 Completed 2011 $203.6 billion USD (2015) Low Earth orbiters designed as crewed cargo vessels that could be reused after each spaceflight and landed like a glider. Vostochny Cosmodrome ("Eastern Spaceport") Roscosmos 2011 Active Russian spaceport on the 51st parallel north. - Vostok program Soviet space program 1959 Completed 1963 Soviet program to put the first man in space. } Sports and culture projects Every Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup in the latter part of the twentieth century and entering into the 21st century has cost more than $1 billion in arenas, hotels etc., usually several billions. The Olympic Games are considered to be the world's foremost international sporting event with over 200 nations participating. Sports-related costs for the Summer Games since 1960 is on average $5.2 billion (USD) and for the Winter Games $393.1 million. The highest recorded total cost was the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, costing approximately US$55 billion. The International Olympic Committee requires a minimum of 40,000 hotel rooms available for visiting spectators and an Olympic Village that is able to house 15,000 athletes, referees, and officials. Project Organization(s) Location Start year Status End year Cost (billions) & date Notes Ref Allegiant Stadium National Football League Paradise, Nevada, U.S. Completed 2020 $1.9 (2020) This covered-roof stadium is home to the Las Vegas Raiders as well as a local college team, the UNLV Rebels AT&T Stadium National Football League Arlington, Texas, U.S. Completed 2009 $1.3 (2009) A retractable-roof stadium that houses the Dallas Cowboys. It also hosts other major events, most notably the Big 12 Championship Game and Cotton Bowl Classic in college football. Barclays Center National Basketball Association Brooklyn, New York, U.S. Completed 2012 $1 (2012) Home of the Brooklyn Nets. Also served as full-time or part-time home of the NHL's New York Islanders from 2015 to 2020. Climate Pledge Arena National Hockey League Seattle, Washington, U.S. Completed 2021 $1.05 (2021) Renovation and expansion of Seattle's main indoor arena for the Seattle Kraken, which started NHL play in the rebuilt venue in 2021. The originally planned cost of $700 million was increased due to changes to the arena plans and COVID-19 issues. A very small part of the total cost was to pay for another major arena tenant, the Seattle Storm of the WNBA, to move its home games to other area venues during the project. The arena will also be suitable for a potential NBA franchise in the city. Globe Life Field Major League Baseball Arlington, Texas, U.S. Completed 2020 $1.1 (2020) This retractable-roof stadium houses the Texas Rangers. Guangzhou Football Park China League One Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2020 In progress ¥12 (2022) 100,000-seat football stadium intended to be the future home of Guangzhou F.C. of the Chinese Super League. Construction began in April 2020 and cancelled in 2022 due Evergrande's financial difficulties. Construction recontinued in 2023. - Levi's Stadium National Football League Santa Clara, California, U.S. Completed 2014 $1.3 (2014) An open-air stadium that houses the San Francisco 49ers. Mercedes-Benz Stadium National Football League Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Completed 2017 $1.6 (2017) A retractable-roof stadium to house the Atlanta Falcons, as well as Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer. - MetLife Stadium National Football League East Rutherford, New Jersey, U.S. Completed 2010 $1.6 (2010) An open-air stadium that houses two NFL teams, the New York Giants and New York Jets. - Narendra Modi Stadium Board of Control for Cricket in India Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 2015 Completed 2020 US$0.11 (2020) It is the largest cricket stadium in the world with a seating capacity of 132,000 spectators. New Commanders Stadium National Football League Washington, D.C., U.S. 2025 In progress 2030 $3.7 (2025) A covered-roof stadium to house the Washington Commanders. Includes adjacent mixed-use districts. New Highmark Stadium National Football League Orchard Park, New York, U.S. 2023 In progress 2026 $1.7 (2023) An open-air stadium to house the Buffalo Bills. New Nissan Stadium National Football League Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. 2024 In progress 2027 $2.1 (2024) A covered-roof stadium to house the Tennessee Titans. Sardar Vallbhbhai Patel Sports Enclave Summer Olympic Games Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 2021 In progress US$0.64 (2021) - SoFi Stadium National Football League Inglewood, California, U.S. Completed 2020 $4.9 (2020) This covered-roof stadium houses two NFL teams, the Los Angeles Rams, who own the stadium, and the Los Angeles Chargers. Tottenham Hotspur Stadium Premier League London, UK Completed 2019 £0.85 (2019) Home to the Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Also designed to host American football games in the NFL International Series U.S. Bank Stadium National Football League Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Completed 2016 $1.061 (2016) A covered-roof stadium that is home to the Minnesota Vikings. UBS Arena National Hockey League Elmont, New York, U.S. 2019 Completed 2021 $1 (2021) This new multi-use arena is designed to handle 18,000 seats to host New York Islanders home games. Wembley Stadium The Football Association London, UK Completed 2007 £0.798 (2007) Home of the England national football team; also designed to host many other large events. Yankee Stadium Major League Baseball Bronx, New York, U.S. Completed 2009 $2.309 (2009) This open-air stadium opened as the replacement for the New York Yankees' original Yankee Stadium. It has since become home to a Major League Soccer team, New York City FC. Roads and transport infrastructure Main article: Engineering:List of transport megaprojects Ground transportation systems like roads, tunnels, bridges, terminals, railways, and mass transit systems are often megaprojects. Numerous large airports and terminals used for airborne passenger and cargo transportation are built as megaprojects. Africa Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref African Union Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel Sahel region 2007 Active Effort to prevent the expansion of the Sahara Desert. - Ethiopia Bishoftu International Airport Bishoftu, Ethiopia 2026 In progress 2030 $12.5 billion The first phase, which can accommodate up to 60 million passengers per year, is currently under construction and is expected to finish work in 2030. The second phase, which will increase capacity to 110 million, will follow suit. Nigeria Abuja Light Rail Abuja, FCT, Nigeria Suspended 2020 $2.65 billion The first phase of the project connects the city centre to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, stopping at the Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway station in Idu. The first 12 stations opened in July 2018 before services were suspended in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Fourth Mainland Bridge Lagos State 2022 In progress $4.2 billion The fourth mainland bridge will join three other bridges connecting Lagos Island to the mainland. The 38 km (24 mi) bridge and expressway will become the longest bridge and expressway in the world when completed. Lagos-Calabar Railway Lagos, Cross River, Rivers, Anambra States 2014 In progress $11.920 billion Phase 1 of this 1,402 km (871 mi) standard gauge railway will connect Lagos to Calabar; the second phase will connect Calabar and Lagos through Onitsha. Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway Lagos, Kano, Kaduna, and Oyo States; FCT 2016 In progress $8.3 billion This 2,733 km (1,698 mi) standard gauge railway has three planned routes: Abuja to Kaduna, Lagos and Ibadan, and Lagos to Kano. The first two lines opened in 2016 and 2021, respectively. Lagos Rail Mass Transit Lagos State 2009 Completed 2022-2024 $3.6 billion An urban rail system that is planned to have seven lines. The first line (Blue line) opened in 2023, second (Red line) in 2024. Third Mainland Bridge Lagos State 1970s Completed 1990 Currently the longest of three bridges connecting Lagos Island to mainland Lagos. It is 11 km (6.8 mi) in length. } Asia Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Bangladesh Padma Bridge Munshiganj, Shariatpur, and Madaripur Districts 2014 Completed 2022 $3.6 billion A 6.150 km (3.821 mi) two-level road-rail bridge. It is the longest bridge in Bangladesh, the second-longest in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the longest over the Ganges River in terms of both span and the total length. - Dhaka Metro Rail Dhaka 2016 In progress 2030 $2.8 billion Of the six planned lines, two are operational as of 2022 and 2023, respectively. - Karnaphuli Tunnel Chittagong 2017 Completed 2023 $1.2 billion First underwater tunnel in the South Asian region. - Jamuna Railway Bridge Sirajganj to Tangail 2020 Completed 2024 $1.6 billion A 4.8 km (3.0 mi) long railway bridge that is expected to be the largest dedicated rail bridge in the country after completion. - Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3 Dhaka 2019 Completed 2025 $2.5 billion Upon completion of the third terminal, passenger handling capacity of the airport will increase to 20 million from the current 8 million per annum. Cargo handling capacity will also increase to 500,000 from 200,000 tonnes annually. - Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Ishwardi 2017 In progress 2027 (proj.) $12.65 billion It will be the country's first nuclear power plant. - Central Business District Purbachal In progress $17 billion It will have three super-tall skyscrapers, surrounded by thirty-eight 40+ floor skyscrapers. - Bahrain Bahrain International Airport Expansion Project Muharraq, Muharraq Island Completed 2021 $1.1 billion USD - Bahrain Light Rail Network Nationwide In progress 2025 (proj.) $2 billion USD - India Bharatmala Nationwide 2017 In progress More than $110 billion Road development project under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Char Dham Highway Uttarakhand In progress More than $1.5 billion A two-lane National Highway. - Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project Six Indian states In progress More than $90 billion Investments will be spread across the 1,500 km (930 mi) long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor, which will serve as the industrial corridor's transportation backbone. Hyderabad Metro Rail Hyderabad, Telangana 2012 In progress More than $2.5 billion Two of the three planned lines became operational in 2017. Hyperloop Nationwide Proposed Proposal to establish hyperloop infrastructure for the Pune-Mumbai, Chennai-Bangalore, and Amaravati-Vijayawada corridors. Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor In progress 2027 proj. More than $18 billion When completed, it will be India's first high-speed rail line. Navi Mumbai International Airport Mumbai 2021 Completed 2025 More than $2.5 billion This project aims to ease air traffic congestion at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport. Noida International Airport Noida, Uttar Pradesh 2021 Completed 2025 More than $4 billion This airport aims to decongest the load of the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi by serving 120 million passengers per year over eight runways. The airport is expected to expand in three phases over 30 years and will be one of the world's largest airports upon completion. Phase 1 will be completed in 2024. Sagarmala Nationwide In progress More than $130 billion A Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways project meant to enhance the country's logistics sector. Indonesia Jakarta MRT Jakarta 2013 In progress $2.86 billion As of 2019, one of the four planned lines is operational. The next two lines to open are expected to open in 2024 and 2026. - Greater Jakarta LRT Jakarta 2004 Completed 2023 $1.58 billion Phase 1, the Bekasi Line and part of the Cibubur Line, were completed in 2023. Jakarta–Bandung HSR Java 2016 Completed 2023 $5.5 billion 3 of the 4 planned lines have been opened and are operational. - Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Sumatra In progress $33.2 billion Of the 17 planned segments, 8 have been completed as of 2019. - Iran Tehran-Shomal Freeway Tehran-Mazandaran province In progress About $1 billion USD Will be 121 km (75 mi) in length. As of 2023, three of the four planned sections are operational. Israel Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Tel Aviv-Jerusalem 2001 completed $1.9 - $2.8 billion USD - Tel Aviv Light Rail Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area 2015 In progress ₪187.5 billion As of 2023, 1 of the 4 planned light rail transit has been completed. Three metro lines will also be constructed. - Japan Japan's Maglev High-Speed Rail (Chūō Shinkansen) Tokyo–Nagoya–Osaka 2014 In progress 2037 proj. ¥9 trillion - Kuwait Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway Project Kuwait Bay 2013 Completed 2019 $3 billion Launching point of Madinat Al-Hareer in Subiya. - Kuwait International Airport Passenger Terminal 2 Kuwait City 2017 In progress 2025 (proj.) $4.3 billion Construction was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Malaysia Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project Kuala Lumpur 2016 In progress 2028 proj. RM50 billion When completed, it will be operated as part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System. - MRL East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor 2017 In progress 2027 proj. RM44 billion - Kuala Lumpur International Airport Selangor 1993 Completed 1998 RM3.92 billion - Penang Sentral Penang 2007 Completed 2018 RM230 million - West Coast Expressway Selangor and Perak 2014 In progress RM5.044 billion - Pakistan Karachi–Lahore Motorway Karachi to Peshawar through Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sukkur 2015 Completed 2020 $6.6 billion This six-lane, high-speed, limited-access motorway is 1,694 km (1,053 mi) in length. - Karachi Circular Railway Karachi 2001 In progress $1.6 billion Revival of the Karachi Circular Railway, which became operational in 1969 and closed in 1999 due to mismanagement. The project includes 23 stations, 3 lines and more than 50 km (31 mi) of track. - Karachi Metrobus Karachi 2013 In progress $400 million Two of the 6 planned lines are operational. - Malir Expressway Karachi 2022 In progress 2024 (proj.) $400 million As of August 2023, half of the 40.3 km (25.0 mi) expressway is operational. - New Gwadar International Airport Gwadar Completed 2024 $400 million This will replace the existing Gwadar International Airport. - Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line ML-1 Multiple Pakistani provinces 2024 (proj.) In progress $7 billion This renovation is part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. - Orange Line Metro Lahore 2015 Completed 2020 $1.500 billion This is the first of the three planned Lahore Metro lines and is Pakistan's first driverless metro. - China China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Pakistan and Xinjiang, China In progress $62 billion The project aims to connect Gwadar Port to Xinjiang via a network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas. The economic corridor is expected to run about 3,000 km (1,900 mi) Beijing Daxing International Airport Beijing 2014 Completed 2019 $17 billion - Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Pearl River Delta 2009 Completed 2018 $10.600 billion - Philippines Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge Bataan-Cavite 2023 In progress $3.75 billion A 32 km (20 mi) bridge over Manila Bay that will connect Central and Southern Luzon. Manila Metro Rail Transit System Metro Manila 1996 In progress 2028 proj. $15.845 million One line operational as of 2020. It is expected to have a total of eight lines with a total length of 142 km (88 mi). Mindanao Railway expansion Mindanao New Manila International Airport Bulacan 2022 In progress 2027 proj. $14.111 billion Aims to decongest and eventually replace Ninoy Aquino International Airport. It will be operated by the San Miguel Corporation. North–South Commuter Railway Metro Manila, Central Luzon 2019 In progress 2029 proj. $14.95 billion The railway will connect Clark International Airport with Metro Manila and Calabarzon. PNR South Long Haul Luzon In progress 2027 proj. $3.45 billion South Luzon Expressway expansion Metro Manila, Calabarzon 2006 In progress 2027 $2.278 billion Includes Toll Road 4 from Calamba to Lucena, Toll Road 5 from Lucena to Matnog, and the Pasig River Expressway. - Qatar Doha Metro Doha In progress 2026 (proj.) $36 billion Construction will add 300 km (190 mi) of track. - Qatar Expressway Programme Doha In progress $28 billion USD (CAPEX) This programme aims to deliver more than 800 km (500 mi) of new or upgraded roads and more than 200 interchanges in Qatar. It is part of the Qatar National Vision 2030. One of the motivating factors was the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz International Airport expansion Jeddah 2006 Completed 2019 $7.2 billion - Riyadh Metro Riyadh 2014 Completed 2024 (proj.) $23.5 billion Singapore Cross Island MRT Line Nationwide 2023 In progress $40.7 billion SGD - Changi Airport Terminal 5 Asia–Pacific 2022 In progress Mid-2030s (proj.) $10 billion USD The terminal will be able to handle a capacity of 70 million passengers a year upon completion. - Marina Coastal Expressway Nationwide 2008 Completed 2013 $4.3 billion SGD First undersea expressway in Singapore. Tuas Mega Port In progress $20 billion Tuas Port will be able to handle 65 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) annually, almost double the 36.9 million TEUs that Singapore handled in 2020. - South Korea Incheon International Airport Seoul Capital Area 1992 Completed 2024 (proj.) Over 3,903₩ trillion Intended to replace Gimpo International Airport Thailand High-speed rail in Thailand Central, Western and Southern Thailand In progress 2037 (proj.) $30 billion The project consists of four high-speed rail corridors: one international corridor, which will be a part of the Kunming–Singapore Railway project after completion. - Vietnam Long Thanh International Airport Ho Chi Minh City 2019 In progress After 2035 (proj. $7.8 billion This project is partially operational. - UAE Al Maktoum International Airport Dubai In progress 2030 (proj.) $82 billion Upon completion, it will be the largest airport in the world. Europe Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Croatia Pelješac Bridge Dubrovnik-Neretva County 2018 Completed 2022 Around €420 million (€357 million of EU funds) The bridge links the Croatian exclave to the rest of the country while bypassing Bosnia and Herzegovina's short coastal strip at Neum. Czech Republic Blanka tunnel complex Prague 2006 Completed 2015 $1.97 billion The longest city tunnel in Europe at 5.5 km (3.4 mi) - Denmark/Germany Fehmarn Belt fixed link Lolland, Fehmarn 2021 In progress 2029 €10 billion An immersed tunnel connection the Danish island of Lolland with the German island of Fehmarn. - European Union TEN-T Core Network Europe In progress More than €600 billion The purpose of the project is to connect nine European Corridors. The Trans-European conventional rail network is part of the EU megaproject to help alleviate and assist in the transport of goods throughout the 27 EU member states. France Grand Paris Express Paris 2015 In progress 2030 (proj.) $45 billion Lines will be opened in stages between 2024 and 2030. - Germany German Reunification Transport Projects Number 8 Berlin Central Station and Nuremberg Main Station In progress $10 billion Proposed after German Reunification, this is a set of major construction projects meant to increase and improve transport links between East and West Germany. - Greece Athens Metro Athens 2021 In progress 2029 or 2030 (proj.) €5.75 billion Lines 1, 2 and 3 are already operational and are undergoing upgrades. Egnatia Odos Igoumenitsa-Kipoi 1995 Completed €5.93 billion This project was built alongside the general route of the ancient Roman Via Egnatia and consisted of 670 km (420 mi) of motorways. Egnatia Railway Alexandroupolis-Igoumenitsa Approved €10 billion Proposed in 2017; upon completion, it will be Europe's largest railway megaproject. A5 motorway (Ionia Odos) Ioannina-Gulf of Corinth 2006 Completed Over €1.1 billion As part of this project, 196 km (122 mi) of motorways were built. Thessaloniki Metro Thessaloniki 2006 Completed 2024 €2.26 billion The purpose of the project is to create a 35-station underground rapid transit system in Greece's second-largest city. Construction was delayed due to the Greek government-debt crisis. Thessaloniki–Kavala–Xanthi railway Northern Greece In progress €1.25 billion A new electrified railway line running parallel to the A2 motorway, cutting travel times and will replace the existing Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway which was built during the Ottoman Empire. Italy Strait of Messina Bridge Sicily and Calabria 2024 Proposed 2032 €11 billion If fully approved and built, the bridge will be the longest suspension bridge in the world, surpassing the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge in Turkey, the world's current longest suspension bridge span as this Messina Bridge will be 60% more than the main span. The bridge could also potentially be part of the Berlin–Palermo railway axis (Line 1) of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). Montenegro Bar-Boljare motorway Bar, Boljare 2015 In progress 2022 $3 billion The highway is 40.871 km (25.396 mi) long ad tunnels and bridges make up about 60% of the entire route. The first section between Podgorica and Mateševo opened in July 2022. - Norway Coastal Highway E39 Trondheim-Kristiansand 2018 In progress 382 kr billion The purpose of the project is to replace all ferry links along the route with fixed connections to reduce travel time from 21 hours to 11 hours. Construction is uncertain and each project will be evaluated separately. - InterCity Østlandet In progress 2034 (proj.) 50 kr billion (2022) Project to connect all major towns in the vicinity of Oslo by a double-rail line. - Fornebu Line Oslo, Bærum 2020 In progress 2027 (proj.) 13.32 kr billion A new metro line stretching from Majorstuen to Fornebu through Oslo. - Poland Central Transport Hub Gmina Baranów Proposed More than $8 billion Airport/train station in Warsaw. Phase 1 is scheduled to open in 2027. Portugal Vasco da Gama Bridge Lisbon 1995 Completed 1998 $1.1 billion It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), with a total length of 12.3 km (7.6 mi), including 0.8 km (0.50 mi) for the main bridge and 11.5 km (7.1 mi) in viaducts. - Porto–Lisbon high-speed rail line Porto-Lisbon In progress 2030+(proj.) €4.5 billion When completed, the project will shorten journey time between the two cities to 75 minutes. Serbia Belgrade Metro Belgrade 2021 In progress 2028 (proj.) $5 billion This construction will includes 43 stations and 2 lines. - Belgrade-Boljare motorway Belgrade, Boljare In progress $2.5 billion Part of the Belgrade-Bar motorway. The second section is the most expensive section of the entire motorway due to unfavourable terrain, requiring the construction of many tunnels and bridges. - Belgrade Waterfront Belgrade 2014 In progress $3.5 billion An urban renewal development project. - Serbia-Hungary Budapest–Belgrade railway Budapest-Belgrade 2021 In progress Around $5 billion This will connect the two capitals by high-speed rail. This is stage one of the Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, which itself is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative. - Serbia / North Macedonia / Greece Morava-Vardar Canal Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece Proposed $17 billion This would make Great Morava and South Morava accessible to boats from Thessaloniki and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers, and clean them for passage of boats. China has a vested interest in building the canal. Slovenia Divača–Koper Railway upgrade Slovenia 2021 In progress 2025 (proj.) $1.175 billion This 27.1 km (16.8 mi) railway will better connect inland regions with the seaside and port of Koper. Switzerland Gotthard Base Tunnel Alps 1999 Completed 2015 CHF 9.56 billion At 57 km (35 mi), it became the world's longest and deepest rail tunnel upon its completion in 2015. - Turkey 1915 Çanakkale Bridge Çanakkale 2017 Completed 2022 $2.7 billion The bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world - Eurasia Tunnel Istanbul 2011 Completed 2016 $1.24 billion It is the first road tunnel connecting the Asian and European continents underneath the seafloor. Istanbul Airport Istanbul 2014 Completed 2018 $22 billion It replaced the existing Atatürk Airport. Marmaray Istanbul 2004 Completed 2013 $4.1 billion Marmaray is the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia. Osmangazi Bridge Gebze 2013 Completed 2016 $1.2 billion The bridge was upon opening the longest suspension bridge in Turkey Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge Istanbul 2013 Completed 2016 $4.5 billion It is one of the world's widest suspension bridge United Kingdom Expansion of Heathrow Airport London Proposed $25.24 billion USD This construction would add a third runway and an additional terminal. Irish Sea Bridge Irish Sea - Cancelled £335 billion Abandoned due to cost. High Speed 2 Greater London, South East England, West Midlands 2020 In progress, partially cancelled 2040 (proj.) £98 billion London Crossrail Project Elizabeth line Greater London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex 2009 Completed 2022 £18.8 billion Fully operational by May 2023. M8 motorway Glasgow-Edinburgh 2015 Completed 2017 £30 million Northern Powerhouse Rail Northern England Proposed 2033 (proj.) £14.75 billion Sometimes referred to as High Speed 3. East West Rail Southern England 2011 In progress 2030s (proj) £1.085 billion Under construction Oxford–Cambridge Expressway Southern England 2016 Cancelled £3 billion (est) Cancelled due to cost in 2021 Lower Thames Crossing Kent, Essex 2009 Proposed 2031 (est) £9 billion (est) Crossrail 2 Surrey, Greater London,Hertfordshire 2020s (planned) Proposed 2030s to 2040s £31.2 billion (est) On hold due to COVID-19 North America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Canada Trans Mountain Expansion Project Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby, British Columbia 2004 Completed 2024 CA$34 billion Pipeline expansion constructed in stages along the existing Trans Mountain Line from Edmonton to Burnaby. The pipeline looped Kinder Morgan's existing 60 cm pipeline with a new 76 cm pipeline. TMX-1, the Anchor Loop, was completed in 2008 including 7 new pump stations and upgrading 6 existing pump stations ($210 million). TMX-2 included 243 km of 30- and 36-inch pipe between Valemount, British Columbia and Kamloops and back to Edmonton. In spring 2012, Kinder Morgan received customer commitment resulting in an increased planned expansion to 750,000 barrels/day. A total of 900 km of twinned pipeline was part of the expansion project. Regulatory approval was received from the National Energy Board, and a final investment decision was reached in May 2017. Construction of the pipeline was completed with commissioning taking place in spring 2024. Southwest Calgary Ring Road Calgary 2016 Completed 2021 More than $5 billion Part of the CANAMEX Corridor and the Stoney Trail. West Calgary Ring Road Calgary 2019 Completed 19 December 2023 More than $1 billion - Calgary LRT Expansion Calgary 2022 In progress 2026 (proj.) More than $4.5 billion - New Champlain Bridge Corridor Project Québec 2015 Completed 2019 $4.24 billion Replaced the existing Champlain Bridge. - Confederation Bridge The Maritimes 1993 Completed 1997 $1.3 billion The 12.9 km (8.0 mi) bridge is the longest bridge in the world crossing ice-covered water. - Confederation Line Ottawa 2013 Completed 2019 $2.1 billion The largest project in Ottawa since the Rideau Canal. (Phase 1). Crowchild Trail Upgrades Calgary After 2027 (proj.) Approved 2030 (proj.) More than $3 billion - Gordie Howe International Bridge Windsor, Ontario 2018 Completed 2026 $5.7 billion International cable stayed bridge over the Detroit River between Canada and the United States. - Line 5 Eglinton Toronto 2011 Completed 2026 $9.1 billion Port Mann Bridge Vancouver 2009 Completed 2015 $1.93 billion The widest bridge in the world at the time of opening. The cable-stayed bridge uses 288 cables to reach the total bridge length of 6,866 ft (2,093 m) Broadway Subway Vancouver 2019 In progress 2027 $2.95 billion The Broadway Subway Project is a 5.7 km extension of the Millennium Line, from VCC-Clark Station to Broadway and Arbutus. Réseau Express Métropolitain Montréal 2018 In progress 2027 (proj.) $6.95 billion Partly operational beginning in July 2023, with other parts expecting to be opened in stages between 2024 and 2027. Mexico Durango-Mazatlán Highway Durango-Sinaloa 2008 Completed 2012 $1.4 billion The Baluarte Bridge, which is part of the highway, received a Guinness World Record for being the highest suspension bridge in western Mexico. - Mexico City Texcoco Airport Mexico City - Cancelled - $13.3 billion After taking office, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador cancelled this mega-project in favor of a "metropolitan airport system", which kept the two-runway Mexico City International Airport from being decommissioned. - Felipe Ángeles International Airport Mexico City 2019 In progress $7.1 billion The airport's first terminal and two runways were opened in 2022. - Panama 4th bridge over the Panama Canal Panama Canal In progress $1.4 billion - Panama Metro line 1 Panama City 2010 Completed 2014 $1.8 billion - Panama Metro line 2 Panama City 2015 Completed 2019 $2 billion Panama Metro line 3 Panama City 2021 In progress 2025 (proj.) $2.6 billion United States Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel Seattle 2007 Completed $3.1 billion - Big Dig Boston 1991 Completed 2007 $14.6 billion ($24.3 billion after interest) - Brightline West Las Vegas Valley-Greater Los Angeles 2023 (proj.) In progress 2027 (proj.) $10 billion This link would connect with the California High-Speed Rail. - California High-Speed Rail Los Angeles-San Francisco 2015 In progress 2030 (proj.) $100 billion A 1,300 km (810 mi) high-speed rail system is expected to be completed in phases up to 2030. - Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program Chicago In progress 2025 (proj.) $4.6 billion CREATE is a railway improvement program consisting of 70 projects, including the construction of grade separations, overpasses, and other rail projects. East Side Access Manhattan and Queens 2007 Completed 2023 More than $11.1 billion This network expansion project intended to increase direct services into Grand Central Terminal and decrease congestion in Midtown Manhattan. It also provides regular access from the New Haven and Hudson Lines to Penn Station. - Evergreen Point Floating Bridge Seattle 2011 Completed 2016 $4.56 billion This 2,350 m (7,710 ft) long floating bridge is the longest of its type in the world; its predecessor previously held the title. - Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel Expansion Hampton Roads 2020 In progress 2027 (proj.) More than $3.9 billion This project will widen the current four-lane segments to eight lanes along nearly 10 mi (16 km) of the Hampton Roads Beltway corridor from Hampton to Norfolk, Virginia with new twin tunnels. Interstate Highway System Nationwide 1956 Completed 2018 $500 billion - John F. Kennedy International Airport Redevelopment New York City 2020 In progress 2026 (proj.) $19 billion Phase 1, which covers Terminals 1, 4, 6, and 8, is expected to be completed by 2026. The redevelopment project aims to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to the airport. LaGuardia Airport Project New York City 2016 Completed 2022 $8 billion A complete retrofit of the airport was completed on time and on budget by 2022. Los Angeles International Airport Los Angeles 2017 In progress 2028 (proj.) $14 billion Renovation of existing terminals, as well as new terminals and infrastructure. Newark Airport Terminal A Newark 2018 Completed 2023 $14 billion Construction added a new parking garage, 33 gates, and a walkway connecting the AirTrain, parking garage, and terminal. Norfolk Southern Railway Crescent Corridor Expansion Northeast to Southeast regions; New York and Philadelphia to Atlanta and New Orleans 2010 Completed 2013 $2.5 billion A public-private partnership between Norfolk Southern (NS), the Federal Government, and the various state governments impacted by the 2,500 mi (4,000 km) corridor. Project involved construction of 4 new intermodal terminals, expansion of several other NS railyards, and double-tracking and siding improvements at strategic locations along the corridor. O'Hare Modernization Plan Chicago 2001 Completed 2021 $8.8 billion Chicago's O'Hare Modernization Plan is a massive project transforming the airport's airfield and terminals for a 21st-century global hub, featuring new runways for efficiency, expanded concourses (like Concourse D), a new Global Terminal, upgraded T5, better roadways, and improved passenger experience. Ohio River Bridges Project Louisville, Kentucky 2014 Completed 2016 $2.3 billion The project involved reconstructing the Kennedy Interchange, the completion of two new Ohio River bridges and the reconstruction of ramps on Interstate 65. The final project omitted some features of the original plan. Project Connect Austin, Texas 2021 In progress 2034 $7.1 billion Public transit expansion including the construction of two new light rail lines, a new commuter rail line, and a bus rapid transit line. The project has undergone several cuts since its passing in 2020. Puget Sound Gateway Program Seattle & Tacoma, Washington 2015 In progress 2028 (proj.) $2.38 billion This project includes the completion of SR 167 between Puyallup and Tacoma and of SR 509 from I-5 to Burien. Reagan Airport's Project Journey Washington, D.C. 2018 Completed 2021 $1 billion This renovation introduced a new security building and checkpoints and added a new 14-gate concourse. San Francisco International Airport Redevelopment San Francisco 2016 Completed 2024 $2.4 billion The airport began a multiphase renovation project to turn Terminal 1 into a more environmentally friendly passenger facility. Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge San Francisco-Oakland, California 2002 Completed 2013 $6.4 billion The eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was a construction project to replace a seismically unsound portion of the Bay Bridge with a new self-anchored suspension bridge (SAS) and a pair of viaducts. The bridge is in the U.S. state of California and crosses the San Francisco Bay between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland. Second Avenue Subway Project Manhattan 1972 In progress 2027 (proj.) $17 billion The proposed full line would be 13.7 km (8.5 mi) long, with 16 stations and a projected ridership of 560,000 people. Phase 1 opened in 2017. Washington Metro Silver Line Washington, D.C. 2009 Completed 2022 $6.8 billion Phase 1 included the creation of a new line through Tysons which opened in 2014. Phase 2 expanded this line to Dulles International Airport and beyond, and opened in 2022. Sound Transit 3 Seattle Late 2020s (proj.) Planned 2041 (proj.) $50 billion This project is to expand the current light rail and bus system currently used by the city and is to be completed in stages from 2024 to 2041. North American megaprojects Vancouver's new Port Mann Bridge with the old bridge fully demolished Baluarte Bridge under construction, 2023 Boston's highway system before and after the Big Dig The completed replacement and the old eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (2013) Evergreen Point Floating Bridge viewed from the east end in Medina shortly after opening in April 2016 South America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Brazil São Paulo Metro São Paulo 1968 Under construction $22,5 billion Continuous expansion over decades. Largest subway system in Latin America. Rio–Niterói Bridge Rio de Janeiro 1969 Completed 1974 Trans-Amazonian Highway North and Northeast Region of Brazil 1970 Completed 1972 $1,5 billion Great Carajás Project Pará and Maranhão 1978 Completed 1986 $2,9 billion Construction of the Carajás Railway and Ponta da Madeira Port, along with investments in the Carajás mine and its processing plant. Template:AI-retrieved source North–South Railway National 1987 Completed 2023 $2,6 billion Transnordestina Railway Northeast Region of Brazil 2006 Under construction 2029 (proj.) $2,8 billion West–East Integration Railway Bahia and Tocantins 2011 Under construction 2027 (proj.) $1billion Oceania Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Australia Central Station Redevelopment Sydney-Eveleigh Proposed $10 billion Extension of Sydney's CBD with an approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) long renewal corridor Cross River Rail Brisbane 2017 In progress 2026 (proj.) $5.4 billion Upon completion, it will be the first rail-only Brisbane River crossing since the completion of the Merivale Bridge in 1978 Metro Tunnel Melbourne 2017 Completed 2025 $11 billion This construction includes two 9 km (5.6 mi) rail tunnels and five new underground stations. - North East Link Melbourne 2020 In progress 2028 (proj.) $15.8 billion This will connect the M80 Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway. - OneSKY Canberra In progress 2024 (proj.) $2 billion Replacement for the Australian Advanced Air Traffic System. Suburban Rail Loop Melbourne 2022 In progress 2050 (proj.) $50 billion The East and North sections, the two main ones, are planned to form a single 60 km (37 mi), fully automated orbital metro line through the middle suburbs. Construction began on SRL East in 2022. NorthConnex Sydney 2015 Completed 2020 $2.65 billion 9-kilometre twin-tunnel motorway in Sydney, Australia, connecting the M1 Pacific Motorway (Wahroonga) to the M2 Hills Motorway (West Pennant Hills) WestConnex Sydney 2017 Completed 2023 $45 billion (2017) 33 km (21 mi) of new and expanded motorways, largest road tunnelling project in Australia. - Sydney Metro City & Southwest Sydney 2017 In progress 2024 (proj.) $20.5 billion (2023) 30 km (19 mi) rapid transit railway line. Sydney Metro West Sydney 2020 In progress 2033 (proj.) $27 billion AUD 24 km (15 mi) rapid transit railway line. Inland Rail Brisbane–Melbourne 2018 In progress 2030–31 (proj.) $31 billion AUD (2022) 1,600 km (990 mi) freight rail line between the cities of Melbourne and Brisbane. - Western Sydney International Airport Greater Sydney 2018 In progress 2026 (proj.) $5.3 billion An airport located in Luddenham and Badgerys Creek Planned cities and urban renewal projects Africa Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Egypt Madinaty Cairo Governorate 2006 In progress $10 billion Housing project. New Administrative Capital Cairo Governorate 2015 Completed 2024 $250 billion Phase 1 of 3 is completed; phase 2 to start construction in 2026. The full project is expected to house 6,500,000 people. - New Alamein City Matrouh Governorate 2015 In progress $60 billion Construction is spread out over three phases. - Galala City Suez Governorate 2018 In progress $63 billion Construction is spread out over three phases. Phase 1 has been completed. New Mansoura City Cairo Governorate 2017 In progress $3.7 billion - Ethiopia Chaka Project Addis Ababa 2022 In progress $16 billion - Kenya Konza Technopolis Konza Planned $14.5 billion Part of Kenya Vision 2030. - Nigeria Abuja Federal Capital Territory 1980s Completed Abuja has been the capital of Nigeria since 1991 and is among the four largest urban areas in Nigeria. Asokoro Island Abuja In progress $1 billion A peninsula development located in Abuja's Asokoro district on approximately 60 hectares (150 acres) of land. Centenary City Federal Capital Territory 2014 In progress $18 billion A planned smart city to mark the country's centennial anniversary. It is expected to house 400,000 residents. Eko Atlantic Lagos State 2007 In progress $6 billion This planned city is being built on land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean. Upon completion, the project anticipates at least 250,000 residents and an additional daily flow of 150,000 commuters. Festac Town Phase 2 Lagos State In progress $2.4 billion Phase 2 of the development was approved in 2014. Lekki Lagos State In progress Phase 1 was completed and is currently in use. Other phases of the project include areas for free-trade zones, an airport, and a seaport. The completed city is expected to accommodate more than 3.4 million residents with an influx of 1.9 million commuters. South Africa Modderfontein New City Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality - Abandoned - $7.8 billion Abuja was the fastest growing city in the world between 2000 and 2010. Aerial shot of Madinaty. The Eko Atlantic skyline from Tarkwa Bay Beach. The Lekki-Epe Expressway in Lekki. Green River Park in the New Administrative Capital Green River Park in the New Administrative Capital Asia Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Azerbaijan Khazar Islands Baku Archipelago Stalled $100 billion USD Artificial archipelago consisting of 41 islands spreading 3,000 hectares (7,400 acres). It is expected to house 1 million people upon completion. - India Chennai Bangalore Industrial Corridor Chennai-Bangalore In progress - Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Delhi-Mumbai In progress 2037 (proj.) $90 billion The project aims to create seven smart cities distributed along the backbone of the freight corridor between Delhi and Mumbai. - Dholera SIR Gujarat Planned Before 2040 (proj.) Part of India's Smart Cities Mission. - Gujarat International Finance Tec-City Gujarat 2007 In progress 2025 (proj.) $20 billion India's first International Financial Services Centre. The city is operational, with the fourth and final phase of the project commencing in 2021. Mumbai-Bangalore Economic Corridor Bangalore-Mumbai Proposed - Navi Mumbai India In progress $13.4 billion World's largest planned city. Contains a population of 2.6 million. Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor Vizag-Chennai Proposed Part of the East Coast Economic Corridor. - Indonesia Ancol Dreamland Jakarta Completed 600 hectares (1,500 acres) integrated tourism area. - BSD City Greater Jakarta Completed 1989 6,000 hectares (15,000 acres) - Lippo Cikarang Greater Jakarta 1990 Completed $18.75 billion A township and industrial park on 332 hectares (820 acres) of land. - Pantai Indah Kapuk Jakarta Completed A prestigious gated community. - Nusantara Modern-day East Kalimantan 2022 In progress Set to replace Jakarta as the capital. Iran Iran Mall Tehran 2010 Completed 2018 200,000 billion IRR CBI Rate equivalent US$5.2 billion The project spans more than 1.6 million m2 (17 million sq ft) that includes shopping mall, two tower, two 5-star hotels, and a lake. Iraq The Bride of the Gulf Basra Proposed Part of Basra's project to rebuild. - Bismayah city Baghdad in progress 10 billion Part of Iraq plan to rebuild the country Iraq gate Baghdad Completed 2024 750 million Part of Iraqs plan to expand the real estate market Japan Roppongi Hills Tokyo 2000 Completed 2003 $4 billion USD One of Japan's largest integrated property developments. - Sky Mile Tower Tokyo Proposed 2045 (proj.) If built, construction would conclude around 2045. The tower would stand 1.7 km (5,600 ft) high and have a capacity of around 55,000 people. - Jordan Abdali Project Amman In progress $5 billion USD This project is being developed on 384,000 m2 (0.148 sq mi) of land, intending to create a total built-up area of over 1,700,000 m2 (0.66 sq mi). Kuwait Madinat al-Hareer Kuwait 2019 In progress $632 billion USD A 250 km2 (62,000 acres) planned urban area. - Malaysia Forest City Johor Bahru In progress 2035 (proj.) $100 billion USD A private town on reclaimed land. - Iskandar Malaysia Johor Bahru 2006 In progress $100 billion USD - KL River City Kuala Lumpur In progress Rm16.5 billion Rehabilitation project along the Gombak River. Melaka Gateway Malacca City 2014 In progress 2025 (proj.) $400 billion USD - Merdeka 118 Kuala Lumpur 2016 Completed 2023 Rm5 billion Upon completion, it became the tallest building in Malaysia. - Putrajaya Sepang District 1995 Completed $8.1 billion USD In 1999, most of the seats of government moved from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya. - Pakistan Bahria Paradise Karachi In progress Part of Bahria Town - Bahria Town Karachi 2014 In progress $1 billion USD A gated community near Karachi. Bundel Island City Karachi Proposed $50 billion USD While the project has been long proposed, it has never materialized due to environmental concerns, especially the threat to mangroves, and objections from the Sindh Government. - Capital Smart City Islamabad Planned A planned housing development and smart city near New Islamabad International Airport. - Crescent Bay Karachi 2006 In progress 2050 (proj.) $2.4 billion USD An upscale, mixed-use oceanfront development in Karachi. - DHA City (DCK) Karachi Planned Upon completion, the new city anticipates at least 250,000 residents and a daily flow of 50,000 commuters. Islamabad Islamabad Capital Territory 1960s Completed ₨24 billion Replaced Karachi as Pakistan's capital city. Islamabad has a population of 2.2 million. LDA City Lahore In progress The city is to be built on a 3,059 hectares (7,560 acres) piece of virgin land and is the largest housing development in Punjab. Port Tower Complex Karachi Planned $350 million USD The 593 m (1,946 ft) tall skyscraper will be situation on a manmade island and, upon completion, will be the tallest building in South Asia. - Ravi Riverfront Urban Development Project Lahore 2020 In progress $41.04 billion USD 70,000-acre urban development along both sides of the Ravi River. China Todtown Shanghai 2014 Completed 2022 $1.5 billion USD A mixed-use development. - Philippines Bonifacio Global City Metro Manila Completed Previously occupied by the Philippine Army headquarters, it is currently one of Metro Manila's main central business districts. - Eastwood City Quezon City Completed A high-density mixed-use development. - Entertainment City Manila Bay In progress $15 billion USD An entertainment complex intended to be the Philippine counterpart of Macau and Las Vegas. It is built upon reclaimed land along Manila Bay. - Lancaster New City Zone 1 and Zone 2 Cavite In progress 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) planned community. New Clark City Tarlac, Pampanga In progress ₱3.2 billion A 9,450 hectares (23,400 acres) planned city modeled after South Korea's Songdo City. - Nuvali Laguna In progress 2,290 hectares (5,700 acres) planned community. Palestine Rawabi Ramallah–Jerusalem Completed $1.4 billion Lana Jerusalem In progress Qatar Lusail Al Daayen Municipality Completed $45 billion USD Host city of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. As of 2022, it has a population of 198,600 people. - Saudi Arabia Jeddah Economic City Jeddah 2013 In progress 2030 (proj.) SAR75 billion The centerpiece of the development project will be the SAR4.45 billion Jeddah Tower, a tower planned to become the tallest in the world. - Jeddah Tower Jeddah 2013 In progress 2028 (proj.) SAR100 billion The Jeddah Tower is planned to be the first 1-kilometre-tall (3,281 ft) building and would be the world's tallest building or structure upon completion, standing at least 180 m (591 ft) taller than the Burj Khalifa. - King Abdullah Economic City Mecca Province In progress $100 billion USD Phase 1 was completed in 2010. - King Abdullah Financial District Riyadh In progress $78 billion USD One of five phases has been completed. - Masjid al-Haram Mecca Completed 2020 $100 billion - Neom Tabuk Province 2017 In progress 2039 (proj.) $500 billion USD A planned urban area containing The Line and Neom Bay Airport. South Korea Sejong City Sejong City 2014 In progress 2030 (proj.) Set to replace Seoul as the capital city of the country. Sri Lanka Colombo Port City Colombo 2014 In progress 2041 (proj.) $15 billion USD A reclaimed offshore city that serves as a special economic zone and international financial centre. Thailand One Bangkok Bangkok 2018 In progress 2030 $3.9 billion Iconsiam Bangkok 2014 Completed 2018 $1.5 billion Dusit Central Park Bangkok 2019 In progress 2026 $1.5 billion United Arab Emirates Burj Al Arab Dubai 1994 Completed 1999 AED3.7 billion The third tallest hotel in the world. - Burj Khalifa Dubai 2004 Completed 2009 AED5.51 billion The tallest building in the world since its grand opening in January 2010. - Business Bay Dubai In progress AED110.18 billion Once completed, it will be the region's business capital and will be composed primarily of office and residential towers. - Dubai Creek Tower Dubai 2016 In progress AED3.67 billion When completed, it will surpass the height of the Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building since 2010. - Dubai International City Dubai 2004 In progress AED348.65 billion The city is expected to house 60,000 residents when completed. - Dubai Marina Dubai In progress A district of Dubai and the world's largest manmade marina. The area is operational and continues to undergo development. - Dubai Meydan City Dubai In progress AED8.08 billion - Dubai Waterfront Dubai - Cancelled - After persistent erosion issues and the 2008 financial crisis, the project was cancelled. - Dubailand Dubai 2003 In progress 2025 (proj.) AED245.99 billion Originally intended to be the largest leisure development in the world, Dubailand faced financial trouble during the 2008 financial crisis. Plans have been scaled down since. - Falconcity of Wonders Dubai 2005 In progress $36.5 billion USD - Jumeirah Garden City Dubai Stalled AED348.65 billion - Mall of the World Dubai Planned 2029 (proj.) $6.8 billion USD Upon completion, this will be the world's largest shopping mall. - Masdar City Abu Dhabi 2006 In progress AED80.8 billion The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology and will be a car free city. - Palm Deira Dubai 2005 One of the Palm Islands. - Palm Jebel Ali Dubai 2001 Stalled $4 billion USD One of the Palm Islands. - Palm Jumeirah Dubai 2001 Completed $12.3 billion USD A large manmade island in the shape of a palm tree. - The Universe Dubai Indefinite hold A planned artificial archipelago in the shape of the Milky Way and Solar System. - The World Dubai 2003 In progress $14 billion USD An artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map - Yas Island Abu Dhabi In progress $36 billion USD A leisure island that is home to Yas Marina Circuit, which has hosted the Formula One Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009. } TODTOWN in Shanghai, July 2019. Navi Mumbai Aerial shot of Pantai Indah Kapuk. Dusk in Roppongi Hills, as seen from Mori Tower. Dusk in Roppongi Hills, as seen from Mori Tower. The skyline of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. Europe Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref France Europa City Gonesse 2016 Cancelled 2019 €3.07 billion Construction began in 2016 but was cancelled in 2019 due to local opposition and concerns about the project's environmental impact. - La Défense (1958–2014) Paris metropolitan area 1958 Completed 2014 More than Fr41.972 billion La Défense is Europe's largest purpose-built business district. - La Défense (2016–present) Paris metropolitan area 2016 In progress More than €903 million This project includes modernization and refurbishment of the existing area, as well as the addition of green spaces. - Germany Potsdamer Platz Redevelopment Berlin Completed - HafenCity Hamburg 2003 In progress 2030 (proj.) One of the largest urban redevelopment projects in Europe by landmass. - Germania (city) Berlin 1938 Halted A complete rebuild of Berlin to the World capital of Nazi, a megalomanic architectural project of Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer. Norway Fjordbyen Oslo 1980s In progress An urban redevelopment project. - Oslo Airport City Oslo In progress - Romania Esplanada City Center Bucharest - Cancelled - $4.2 billion USD A planned multifunctional city center in Bucharest. - Russia Lakhta Centre Lakhta, Saint Petersburg 2012 Completed 2019 ₽77.1 billion It is the tallest building in both Russia and Europe and replaced the cancelled Okhta Center. - Moscow International Business Center Moscow 1995 In progress 2030 (proj.) More than ₽309 billion The complex is home to the highest numbers of skyscrapers in Europe. - Okhta Center Saint Petersburg Cancelled - ₽65 billion Cancelled due to protests from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, who wanted to preserve the skyline of Saint Petersburg's historic district. - Spain Bilbao Renovation Project Bilbao 1990s Completed A deindustrialisation process beginning in the 1990s with the construction of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao - Cuatro Torres Business Area Madrid 2004 Completed 2021 $1 billion USD (est.) A complex of four skyscrapers, including Torre Cepsa, in Madrid's financial district. - Madrid Nuevo Norte Madrid 2021 (proj.) In progress 2045 (proj.) $10.55 billion USD Expansion of the existing Paseo de la Castellana. - Southeast developments Madrid In progress 2040-2050 (proj.) More than $3.5 billion USD Expansion of the city with the creation of six new neighborhoods: Los cerros, Ensanche de Vallecas, Valdecarros, El Cañaveral, Los Berrocales, and El Ahijones. These additions expect to create 145,637 homes. - Sweden Million Programme Nationwide 1965 Completed 1974 $5 billion USD (approx. A public housing program meant to establish affordable housing. - Northvolt Gigafactories Skellefteå, Västerås 2021 Completed 2025 $4.7 billion USD Lithium ion battery factory development. Redevelopment of Slussenområdet Stockholm In progress Kr12 billion Relocation of Kiruna Centrum Kiruna In progress 2035 (proj.) $2.1 billion USD Turkey Istanbul Financial Center Istanbul 2009 completed 2023 7.58₺ billion Turkey Urban Renewal Project Nationwide 2012 In progress 2032 (proj.) 757.84₺ billion Fikirtepe, a neighborhood of Kadıköy has been chosen as pilot area for project. United Kingdom Big City Plan Birmingham 1994 In progress 2030s (proj.) £12.75 billion Redevelopment of Birmingham to escape their image of being a concrete jungle. - Battersea Power Station Redevelopment London 2012 Completed 2022 £13.25 billion Modernisation of a defunct coal power station into a shopping centre. - Embassy Gardens London Completed 2019 £2.1 billion Residential and business development district. - Greenwich Peninsula London 1990s In progress 2030s (proj.) £8 billion - Pilgrim Street East Newcastle upon Tyne In progress 2025 (proj.) More than £400 million - Royal Wharf London 2014 In progress £3.1 billion Originally slated for completion in 2020, the development was nearly finished in 2021. - Stratford City London In progress £3.5 billion Originally slated for completion by 2020. - Wembley Park London In progress 2024 (proj.) £1.1 billion } La Défense skyscrapers in the distance behind the Eiffel Tower Überseequartier, one of the quarters in HafenCity Ensanche de Vallecas in Madrid at sunset Construction of the Northvolt gigafactory in Skellefteå (2021) London's Battersea Power Station was reopened as a shopping mall in 2022. London's Battersea Power Station was reopened as a shopping mall in 2022. North America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Canada Downtown Markham Ontario In progress 2025 (proj.) CA$4 billion One of the many city center projects in York Region. - Oakridge Centre Redevelopment Vancouver 2019 In progress 2028 (proj.) CA$5 billion This project will turn Oakridge Centre into the second largest shopping mall in British Columbia. Mexico Cancún Quintana Roo Completed One of the largest tourist destinations in North America. - Santa Fe, Mexico City Mexico City Completed - United States 53 West 53 Manhattan 2015 Completed 2019 $1.2 billion A supertall, primarily residential skyscraper. A restaurant and MoMA also lease space in the building. Apple Park Cupertino, California 2014 Completed 2017 More than $3 billion Apple Inc.'s flagship headquarters. - Battery Park City Manhattan 1970s Completed More than $1.4 billion A mainly residential 92-acre (37 ha) planned community at the southwestern tip of the island of Manhattan, more than 1/3 of which is parkland. Hunters Point Naval Shipyard and Candlestick Park Redevelopment Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco In progress After 2028 (proj.) $8 billion - Blue Oval City Stanton, Tennessee Planned $5.6 billion Large-scale Ford electric vehicle complex that will include a vehicle assembly plant, a battery plant, supplier facilities, and battery recycling operations. BlueOval SK Battery Park Glendale, Kentucky In progress 2025 (proj.) $5.8 billion Large-scale battery plant that includes two plants that will produce batteries for Ford and Lincoln electric vehicles. Brickell City Centre Brickell district, Downtown Miami 2012 In progress $1.05 billion A shopping and mixed-use project that will eventually include One Brickell Centre. - Brickell Key Miami Completed More than $2 billion A manmade island on reclaimed land. CityCenter Las Vegas Strip 2006 Completed 2009 $11 billion The largest privately financed development in the United States. - Comcast Technology Center Philadelphia 2014 Completed 2017 $1.5 billion Ninth-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. - Cornell Tech campus Roosevelt Island, Manhattan 2014 In progress 2037 (proj.) $2 billion A graduate campus and research center for Cornell University. The first phase opened for use in 2017. - Encore Boston Harbor Everett, Massachusetts 2016 Completed 2019 $2.5 billion A casino resort property that is the largest single private development in state history. - Generation Park Houston 2014 In progress More than $10 billion A 4,200-acre, privately owned and master-planned commercial development. Gigafactory 1 Reno 2014 Completed 2017 $5 billion A lithium-ion battery plant owned and operated by Tesla, Inc. - Hollywoodland Middletown, Ohio - Canceled - $1.3 billion A massive mixed-use development expected to include a destination entertainment district and theme park. The project was cancelled in 2022. Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project West Side Yard, Manhattan 2012 In progress 2027 (proj.) $20 billion A mixed-use real estate development. - Lincoln Yards Project Chicago Stalled $6 billion Development of 55 acres of a defunct steel mill park. - Miami Worldcenter Miami In progress $4 billion A large mixed-use development over 25 acres of land. Two buildings, including the Paramount Miami Worldcenter, opened in 2019. - Mission Bay Redevelopment San Francisco In progress $1 billion - Pacific Park Brooklyn In progress 2025 (proj.) $8 billion A mixed-use commercial and residential development project that includes Barclays Center, which opened in 2012. - Parkmerced San Francisco In progress 2035 (proj.) $1.35 billion - Port Covington Baltimore 2019 In progress 2040 (proj.) $5.5 billion - Riverside South Manhattan 1997 Completed 2020 $3 billion An urban development project. - San Francisco Transbay development San Francisco 2005 In progress 2030 (proj.) $4.5 billion This project will include a new Salesforce Transit Center. The Salesforce Tower opened in 2018. - Sasol Ethane Cracker Complex Project Louisiana In progress $11 billion A large-scale ethane cracker complex. - San Diego State University Mission Valley Mission Valley In progress 2030s (proj.) $3.5 billion An expansion of the SDSU's campus on the former site of San Diego Stadium. Snapdragon Stadium opened in 2022. - Treasure Island Redevelopment San Francisco 2016 In progress 2028 (proj.) $6 billion - Tri-County Mall Redevelopment Springdale, Ohio Proposed $1.3 billion Redevelopment of a shopping mall into a multi-use space. - Vista Tower Project Chicago 2016 Completed 2020 $1 billion It is the tallest structure designed by a woman in the world. Washington State Convention Center Expansion Seattle 2018 Completed 2023 $1.6 billion |- Wilshire Grand Center Los Angeles 2014 Completed 2017 $1.2 billion At 1,100 ft (340 m), it is the tallest building west of the Mississippi River. - Rebuilding of the World Trade Center Manhattan 2006 On hold $32 billion This was part of the recovery from the September 11 attacks. One, Three, Four, and Seven World Trade Center Towers have been completed as of 2018. Verclaire Gate South in Downtown Markham, Ontario. Brickell Key in Miami. Las Vegas CityCenter, the largest set of resorts in the largest gambling center in the world. Panoramic shot of Battery Park City. Oceania Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Australia Barangaroo Redevelopment Sydney 2012 Completed 2023 (proj.) $6 billion - Queen's Wharf, Brisbane Brisbane 2018 Completed 2024 (proj.) $3 billion Integrated resort development on the north bank of the Brisbane River. Victorian Desalination Plant Bass Coast Shire 2009 Completed 2012 $4 billion Built to provide more drinking water to Melbourne. - New Zealand Christchurch Rebuild Christchurch 2011 In progress 2027 (proj.) $17 billion Recovery from earthquakes in 2010–2011. } South America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Brazil Brasília Brasília 1956 Completed 1960 $21.9 billion At the close of the 20th century, Brasília was the largest city in the world that had not existed at the beginning of the century. Colombia Bogotá Urban Renewal Bogotá In progress $50 billion USD Includes building over 60 skyscrapers, 500 highrises, 3 new CBDs, a subway system, and a smart city near Usaquén } Water-related Main article: Engineering:List of transport megaprojects Ports, waterways, canals, and locks for ships carrying passengers and cargo are built as megaprojects. Africa Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Egypt New Suez Canal Ismailia and Suez Governates 2014 Completed 2015 $8.4 billion USD Old and New Suez Canal - Suez Canal Ismailia and Suez Governates 1859 Completed 1869 $100 million (1869) - Ethiopia Gilgel Gibe III Dam South Ethiopia Regional State 2006 Completed 2016 $1.6 billion USD Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Benishangul-Gumuz Region 2011 Completed 2022 $5 billion USD The dam is located on the Blue Nile River. - Koysha Dam South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region 2016 In progress 2027 $3 billion USD Koysha will be the second largest dam in Ethiopia upon completion Kenya Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor Lamu Stalled KSh $2 trillion - Nigeria Badagry Deep Sea Port Badagry Approved $2.3 billion USD The project, which has been stalled for years, was most recently approved in October 2022. Lekki Port Lekki 2015 Completed 2022 $1.65 billion USD Phase one became operational in 2018. Tanzania Bagamoyo Port Bagamoyo 2023 (proj.) Stalled $10 billion USD } Asia Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref China Medog Hydropower Station Mêdog County, Tibet 2024 In progress 2033 (proj.) $137 billion USD Planned to become the world's largest hydropower facility, with an anticipated annual power generation capacity of 300 billion kilowatt-hours and 60,000 MW installed capacity. South–North Water Transfer Project North and south China 2003 In progress $79 billion USD Three Gorges Dam Yiling District 1994 Completed 2003 $59 billion USD - Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project Yunnan 2017 Completd 2026 $12 billion USD India Sagar Mala project Nationwide In progress ₹8.5 trillion This project includes creating six mega-ports, modernising existing ports, developing the 14 Coastal Economic Zones and Units, and enhancing port connectivity. Israel National Water Carrier of Israel Nationwide 1953 Completed 1964 $1.08 billion USD - Japan Kamaishi Tsunami Protection Breakwater Kamaishi, Iwate c. 1989 Completed 2009 $1.5 billion USD After three decades of development, the tsunami barrier was proven ineffective against the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. - Pakistan Dasu Dam Dasu 2019 In progress 2015 (proj.) $4.278 billion USD The 242 m (794 ft) tall dam will support a 4,320 MW hydropower station, to be built in two 2,160 MW stages. Diamer-Bhasha Dam Indus River 2020 In progress 2028 (proj.) $14 billion USD Mohmand Dam Mohmand District 2019 In progress 2028 (proj.) $2.1 billion USD An under-construction, multi-purpose, concrete-faced, rock-filled dam, which will generate 740 MW of hydroelectricity, irrigate 15,100 acres of land and control floods downstream. Palestine National Water Carrier of Palestine Completed 1956 About $1.1 billion USD - Sri Lanka Colombo Harbour Expansion Project Colombo 2008 Completed 2013 $1.2 billion - Thailand Thai Canal Southern Thailand Proposed $20–25 billion Europe Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Denmark Energy islands of Denmark North Sea, Baltic Sea Approved 2030 (proj.) kr210 billion Two Energy Islands will become the world's first offshore energy hubs and are estimated to initially provide 5 gigawatts of power. - Netherlands Delta Works Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta area 1954 Completed 1997 ƒ22,412 billion A series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. The project was proposed after the North Sea Flood of 1953. - Zuiderzee Works North Sea 1927 Completed 1933 A human-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage work, in total the largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the 20th century. - Norway Stad Ship Tunnel Vestland 2023 In progress 2026 (proj.) kr3 billion A planned canal and tunnel to bypass the dangerous coast of the Stad Peninsula. When built, it will be the first full-size ship tunnel in the world. - Turkey Istanbul Canal Istanbul 2009 Proposed $10 billion It is an artificial sea-level waterway planned to connect the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara North America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Canada Rideau Canal Ontario 1826 Completed 1832 £822,804 (1834) A 202 km (126 mi) waterway built to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston. - Cuba New Port of Mariel Development Project Mariel Completed $900 million Mexico Dos Bocas Refinery Tabasco Planned - Port of Veracruz Expansion Veracruz In progress $5 billion USD - Nicaragua Nicaragua Canal Punta Brito-Bluefields - Abandoned - $100 billion USD (est.) This shipping route was meant to connect the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean. Panama Panama Canal Colón and Panamá Provinces 1904 Completed 1914 $360 million USD - Panama Canal Colón and Panamá Provinces 2007 Completed 2016 B/.5.25 billion - United States Intracoastal Waterway Boston-Brownsville, Texas Completed A 3,000-mile (4,800 km) inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States. - Proposed interstate water pipelines to California Pacific Northwest–Calif. Proposed $110 billion Several proposals including $110 billion in 1991 to pipe water under the Pacific from Alaska South America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Brazil Porto Maravilha Rio de Janeiro 1870s Completed 1910 R$69.965 billion Third-busiest port in Brazil. Brazil/Paraguay Itaipu Dam Foz do Iguaçu 1971 Completed 1984 US$19.6 billion (equivalent to $59.3 billion today) Itaipu was the world's largest hydroelectric power plant from its 1984 inauguration until it was surpassed by China's Three Gorges Dam in 2012. Brazil Sobradinho Reservoir Sobradinho 1973 Completed 1979 The largest artificial lake in Brazil. Tucuruí Dam Tocantins River 1975 Completed 1984 US$7,1 billion Transfer of the São Francisco River Northeast Region of Brazil 2007 Completed 2025 US$2.6 billion Belo Monte Dam Xingu River 2011 Completed 2019 US$18.5 billion Hospitals Europe Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Ireland National Children's Hospital Ireland Dublin 2016 Completed 2025 €2.2 billion North America Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref United States Kimmel Pavilion (NYU Langone) New York City 2011 Completed 2018 Part of NYU Langone's $6 billion campus transformation 21-story, 830,000 sq ft inpatient hospital tower with 374 single rooms; includes Hassenfeld Children's Hospital Government and Administration Europe Country Project Location Start year Status End year Cost Notes Ref Romania Palace of the Parliament Bucharest 1984 Completed 1997 €4 billion Palace of the Parliament Palace of the Parliament See also List of most expensive U.S. public works projects List of visionary tall buildings and structures List of megaprojects in Russia List of megaprojects in China List of megaprojects in Bangladesh List of megaprojects in Pakistan List of megaprojects in Afghanistan List of megaprojects in Iran List of megaprojects in Saudi Arabia List of megaprojects in United Arab Emirates List of megaprojects in Oman List of megaprojects in Qatar List of megaprojects in Kuwait List of megaprojects in Turkey List of megaprojects in Egypt References External links Megaprojects in Dubai