Engineering:List of production battery electric vehicles
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Tesla Model 3 is the best-selling battery electric automobile in the world since early 2020.[1]
Tesla Model Y is the first ever electric vehicle to become the world's best-selling car in the first quarter of 2023, outsold the Toyota Corolla.[2]
This is a list of battery electric vehicles that are mass-produced, formerly produced, and planned. It includes only vehicles exclusively using chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, with no secondary source of propulsion (e.g. hydrogen fuel cell, internal combustion engine, etc.).
Production models
Highway-capable automobiles
Highway-capable battery electric automobiles capable of 100 km/h (62 mph) highway speed:
Outside the Chinese market
Production highway-capable battery electric automobiles originating outside the Chinese market, both dedicated battery electric vehicles (without an ICE-powered counterpart sharing the same body) or non-dedicated battery electric vehicles (based on an ICE-powered vehicle):
| Model | Calendar year produced |
Body style | Platform | Dedicated battery electric vehicle?[nb 1] |
Manufacturer | Marque origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspark Owl | 2021 | Coupé | Yes | Aspark | Japan | |
| Audi Q8 e-tron | 2018 | Crossover SUV | MLB evo[3] | Yes | Audi | Germany |
| Audi e-tron GT | 2021 | Sedan | J1[4] | Yes | Audi | Germany |
| Audi Q4 e-tron | 2021 | Crossover SUV | MEB[5] | Yes | Audi | Germany |
| BMW i4 | 2021 | Liftback | CLAR[6] | No | BMW | Germany |
| BMW i7 | 2022 | Sedan | CLAR | No | BMW | Germany |
| BMW iX | 2021 | Crossover SUV | iX[7] | Yes | BMW | Germany |
| BMW iX1 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | UKL2 | No | BMW | Germany |
| BMW iX3 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | CLAR[8] | No | BMW | Germany |
| BrightDrop Zevo | 2022 | Van | BT1 | Yes | General Motors | United States |
| Cadillac Lyriq | 2022 | Crossover SUV | BEV3[9] | Yes | General Motors | United States |
| Chevrolet Bolt EUV | 2021 | Crossover SUV | BEV2[10] | Yes | General Motors | United States |
| Chevrolet Bolt EV | 2016 | Hatchback | BEV2[10] | Yes | General Motors | United States |
| Citroën e-Berlingo | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | France |
| Citroën ë-C3 | 2023 | Hatchback | No | Stellantis | France | |
| Citroën ë-C4 | 2021 | Crossover SUV and fastback | eCMP | No | Stellantis | France |
| Citroën ë-Jumper/Relay | 2021 | Van | No | Stellantis | France | |
| Citroën ë-Jumpy/Dispatch/SpaceTourer | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | France |
| Cupra Born | 2021 | Hatchback | MEB | Yes | SEAT | Spain |
| Dacia Spring Electric | 2021 | Hatchback | CMFA-EV[11] | No | Dacia/Renault | Romania |
| DS 3 Crossback E-Tense | 2019 | Crossover SUV | eCMP | No | Stellantis | France |
| Fiat e-Ducato | 2021 | Van | No | Stellantis | Italy | |
| Fiat e-Scudo/e-Ulysse | 2022 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | Italy |
| Fiat New 500 | 2020 | Hatchback | Yes | Stellantis | Italy | |
| Fisker Ocean | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Yes | Fisker Inc. | United States | |
| Ford E-Transit | 2021 | Van | No | Ford | United States | |
| Ford F-150 Lightning | 2022 | Pickup truck | No | Ford | United States | |
| Ford Mustang Mach-E | 2020 | Crossover SUV | GE1[12] | Yes | Ford | United States |
| Genesis Electrified G80 | 2021 | Sedan | M3 | No | Genesis Motor | South Korea |
| Genesis Electrified GV70 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | M3 | No | Genesis Motor | South Korea |
| Genesis GV60 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | E-GMP[13] | Yes | Genesis Motor | South Korea |
| GMC Hummer EV | 2022 | Pickup truck and SUV | BT1[14] | Yes | General Motors | United States |
| Honda e | 2020 | Hatchback | Yes | Honda | Japan | |
| Hyundai Ioniq 5 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | E-GMP[15] | Yes | Hyundai | South Korea |
| Hyundai Ioniq 6 | 2022 | Sedan | E-GMP | Yes | Hyundai | South Korea |
| Hyundai Kona Electric | 2019 | Crossover SUV | No | Hyundai | South Korea | |
| Hyundai Porter2 Electric | 2019 | Pickup truck | No | Hyundai | South Korea | |
| Jaguar I-Pace | 2018 | Crossover SUV | D7e[16] | Yes | Jaguar Land Rover | United Kingdom |
| Kia Bongo EV | 2020 | Pickup truck | No | Kia | South Korea | |
| Kia EV6 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | E-GMP[17] | Yes | Kia | South Korea |
| Kia Niro EV/e-Niro | 2018 | Crossover SUV | No | Kia | South Korea | |
| Kia Ray EV | 2012 | MPV/minivan | No | Kia | South Korea | |
| Kia Soul EV | 2014 | Crossover SUV | No | Kia | South Korea | |
| Lexus RZ | 2022 | Crossover SUV | e-TNGA | Yes | Toyota | Japan |
| Lexus UX 300e | 2020 | Crossover SUV | TNGA: GA-C[18] | No | Toyota | Japan |
| Lordstown Endurance | 2022 | Pickup truck | Yes | Lordstown Motors | United States | |
| Lotus Eletre | 2023 | Crossover SUV | EPA[19] | Yes | Lotus Cars | United Kingdom |
| Lotus Evija | 2023 | Coupé | Extreme[20] | Yes | Lotus Cars | United Kingdom |
| Lucid Air | 2021 | Sedan | Yes | Lucid Motors | United States | |
| Mahindra XUV400 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | No | Mahindra | India | |
| Maserati Grecale Folgore | 2022 | Crossover SUV | FCA Giorgio | Yes | Stellantis | Italy |
| Mazda MX-30 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | e-Skyactiv | No | Mazda | Japan |
| Mercedes-Benz EQA | 2021 | Crossover SUV | MFA2 | No | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQB | 2021 | Crossover SUV | MFA2 | No | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQC | 2021 | Crossover SUV | MRA | Yes | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQE | 2022 | Sedan | EVA | Yes | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV | 2022 | Crossover SUV | EVA | Yes | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQS | 2021 | Liftback | MEA | Yes | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQS SUV | 2022 | Crossover SUV | MEA | Yes | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany |
| Mercedes-Benz EQV | 2020 | MPV/minivan | No | Mercedes-Benz Group | Germany | |
| Mini Electric/Cooper SE | 2020 | Hatchback | No | Mini/BMW | United Kingdom | |
| Mitsubishi eK X EV | 2022 | Hatchback | KEI-EV | No | NMKV | Japan |
| Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV | 2011 | Van | No | Mitsubishi Motors | Japan | |
| Nissan Ariya | 2021 | Crossover SUV | CMF-EV | Yes | Nissan | Japan |
| Nissan Townstar EV | 2021 | Van | CMF-CD | No | Nissan (produced by Renault) | Japan |
| Nissan Leaf | 2010 | Hatchback | Yes | Nissan | Japan | |
| Nissan Sakura | 2022 | Hatchback | KEI-EV | Yes | NMKV | Japan |
| Opel/Vauxhall Combo-e | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom |
| Opel/Vauxhall Corsa Electric | 2019 | Hatchback | eCMP[21] | No | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom |
| Opel/Vauxhall Mokka-e | 2020 | Crossover SUV | eCMP | No | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom |
| Opel/Vauxhall Movano-e | 2021 | Van | No | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom | |
| Opel/Vauxhall Vivaro/Zafira-e | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom |
| Peugeot e-208 | 2019 | Hatchback | eCMP | No | Stellantis | France |
| Peugeot e-2008 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | eCMP | No | Stellantis | France |
| Peugeot e-308/e-308 SW | 2022 | Hatchback and station wagon | EMP2 V3 | No | Stellantis | France |
| Peugeot e-Boxer | 2021 | Van | No | Stellantis | France | |
| Peugeot e-Expert/e-Traveller | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | France |
| Peugeot e-Rifter | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Stellantis | France |
| Pininfarina Battista | 2022 | Coupé | Yes | Automobili Pininfarina | Germany/Italy | |
| Polestar 2 | 2020 | Liftback | CMA | Yes | Volvo Cars | Sweden |
| Polestar 3 | 2023 | Crossover SUV | SPA2 | Yes | Volvo Cars | Sweden |
| Porsche Taycan | 2019 | Sedan and shooting brake | J1 | Yes | Porsche | Germany |
| Renault Kangoo E-Tech Electric | 2021 | Van | CMF-CD | No | Renault | France |
| Renault Master Z.E./E-Tech Electric | 2018 | Van | No | Renault | France | |
| Renault Megane E-Tech Electric | 2022 | Crossover SUV | CMF-EV | Yes | Renault | France |
| Renault Twingo Z.E. | 2020 | Hatchback | No | Renault | France | |
| Renault Zoe | 2012 | Hatchback | Yes | Renault | France | |
| Rimac Nevera | 2021 | Coupé | Yes | Rimac Automobili | Croatia | |
| Rivian R1S | 2022 | SUV | Yes | Rivian | United States | |
| Rivian R1T | 2021 | Pickup truck | Yes | Rivian | United States | |
| Škoda Enyaq | 2020 | Crossover SUV | MEB[22] | Yes | Škoda Auto | Czech Republic |
| Smart #1 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | SEA[23] | Yes | Smart Automobile (produced by Geely) | Germany |
| Smart EQ fortwo | 2017 | Hatchback | No | Smart Automobile | Germany | |
| SsangYong Korando e-Motion | 2022 | Crossover SUV | No | KG Mobility | South Korea | |
| Subaru Solterra | 2022 | Crossover SUV | e-TNGA/e-SGP[24] | Yes | Subaru (produced by Toyota) | Japan |
| Tata Nexon EV | 2020 | Crossover SUV | No | Tata Motors Cars | India | |
| Tata Tiago.ev | 2022 | Hatchback | No | Tata Motors Cars | India | |
| Tata Tigor EV | 2022 | Sedan | No | Tata Motors Cars | India | |
| Tesla Model 3 | 2017 | Sedan | Model 3 | Yes | Tesla, Inc. | United States |
| Tesla Model S | 2012 | Liftback | Model S | Yes | Tesla, Inc. | United States |
| Tesla Model X | 2015 | Crossover SUV | Model S[25] | Yes | Tesla, Inc. | United States |
| Tesla Model Y | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Model 3[26] | Yes | Tesla, Inc. | United States |
| Togg T10X | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Yes | Togg | Turkey | |
| Toyota bZ4X | 2022 | Crossover SUV | e-TNGA[27] | Yes | Toyota | Japan |
| Toyota Proace City Electric | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Toyota (produced by Stellantis) | Japan |
| Toyota Proace Electric | 2021 | Van | EMP2 | No | Toyota (produced by Stellantis) | Japan |
| Volkswagen e-Crafter | 2018 | Van | No | Volkswagen | Germany | |
| Volkswagen e-Up! | 2013 | Hatchback | NSF[28] | No | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Volkswagen ID.3 | 2020 | Hatchback | MEB | Yes | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Volkswagen ID.4 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | MEB | Yes | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Volkswagen ID.5 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | MEB | Yes | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Volkswagen ID. Buzz | 2022 | MPV/minivan | MEB | Yes | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Volvo C40 Recharge | 2021 | Crossover SUV | CMA | No | Volvo Cars | Sweden |
| Volvo EX90 | 2023 | Crossover SUV | SPA2[29] | Yes | Volvo Cars | Sweden |
| Volvo XC40 Recharge | 2020 | Crossover SUV | CMA | No | Volvo Cars | Sweden |
| VinFast VF e34 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Yes | VinFast | Vietnam | |
| VinFast VF 5 | 2023 | Crossover SUV | Yes | VinFast | Vietnam | |
| VinFast VF 8 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Yes | VinFast | Vietnam | |
| VinFast VF 9 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Yes | VinFast | Vietnam |
Chinese-market origin
Wuling Hongguang Mini EV is the best-selling electric car in China.[30]
Current production highway-capable battery electric automobiles originating within the Chinese market, including vehicles produced by Chinese manufacturers for domestic market and export markets, and vehicles developed by foreign manufacturers that are only offered in the Chinese market:
| Model | Calendar year produced |
Body style | Manufacturer | Marque origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aion LX | 2019 | Crossover SUV | GAC Group | China |
| Aion S | 2019 | Sedan | GAC Group | China |
| Aion V | 2020 | Crossover SUV | GAC Group | China |
| Aion Y | 2021 | Crossover SUV | GAC Group | Chna |
| Aiways U5 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Aiways | China |
| Aiways U6 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Aiways | China |
| Arcfox Lite | 2017 | Microcar hatchback | BAIC Group | China |
| Arcfox α-S | 2021 | Sedan | BAIC Group | China |
| Arcfox α-T | 2020 | Crossover SUV | BAIC Group | China |
| Audi Q2L e-Tron | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Audi | Germany |
| Audi Q5 e-tron | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Audi | Germany |
| Baojun E100 | 2017 | Microcar hatchback | SAIC-GM-Wuling | China |
| Baojun E200/Wuling Nano EV | 2018 | Microcar hatchback | SAIC-GM-Wuling | China |
| Baojun E300/KiWi EV | 2020 | Microcar hatchback | SAIC-GM-Wuling | China |
| Baojun Yep | 2023 | Mini SUV | SAIC-GM-Wuling | China |
| Bestune E01 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | FAW Group | China |
| Bestune NAT | 2021 | MPV/minivan | FAW Group | China |
| BJEV EC3 | 2016 | Hatchback | BAIC Group | China |
| BJEV EC5/Senova X25 | 2019 | Hatchback | BAIC Group | China |
| BJEV EU5/Beijing EU5 | 2018 | Sedan | BAIC Group | China |
| BJEV EU7/Beijing EU7 | 2019 | Sedan | BAIC Group | China |
| BMW i3 (G28) | 2022 | Sedan | BMW | Germany |
| Buick Electra E5 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | General Motors (SAIC-GM) | United States |
| Buick Velite 6 | 2019 | Station wagon | General Motors (SAIC-GM) | United States |
| Buick Velite 7 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | General Motors (SAIC-GM) | United States |
| BYD Atto 3/Yuan Plus | 2022 | Crossover SUV | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Dolphin | 2021 | Hatchback | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD e1 | 2019 | Hatchback | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD e2 | 2019 | Hatchback | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD e3 | 2019 | Sedan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD e6 | 2011 | MPV/minivan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Han | 2020 | Sedan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Qin | 2012 | Sedan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Seal | 2022 | Sedan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Song | 2015 | Crossover SUV | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Song Max | 2017 | MPV/minivan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD T3 | 2015 | MPV/minivan | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Tang | 2015 | Crossover SUV | BYD Auto | China |
| BYD Yuan | 2019 | Crossover SUV | BYD Auto | China |
| Changan BenBen EV/BenBen E-Star | 2015 | Hatchback | Changan Automobile | China |
| Changan CS15EV/CS15 E-Pro | 2017 | Crossover SUV | Changan Automobile | China |
| Changan CS55 EV | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Changan Automobile | China |
| Changan Ruixing EM80 | Van | Changan Automobile | China | |
| Chery Arrizo 5e | 2017 | Sedan | Chery | China |
| Chery eQ | 2014 | Hatchback | Chery | China |
| Chery eQ1 | 2016 | Microcar hatchback | Chery | China |
| Chery eQ2 | 2018 | Sedan | Chery | China |
| Chery eQ5 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Chery | China |
| Chery QQ Ice Cream | 2021 | Microcar hatchback | Chery | China |
| Chery Tiggo e | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Chery | China |
| Chery Wujie Pro | 2022 | Hatchback | Chery | China |
| Chevrolet Menlo | 2020 | Station wagon | General Motors (SAIC-GM) | United States |
| Ciimo M-NV | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Dongfeng Honda | China-Japan |
| Ciimo X-NV | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Dongfeng Honda | China-Japan |
| Denza D9 | 2022 | Minivan | Denza | China |
| Denza EV/400/500 | 2014 | Liftback | Denza | China |
| Denza N8 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Denza (produced by BYD) | China |
| Dongfeng Aeolus EX1 | 2019 | Hatchback | Dongfeng Motor | China |
| Dongfeng Aeolus Yixuan | 2019 | Sedan | Dongfeng Motor | China |
| Dongfeng EM13 | 2018 | Van | Dongfeng Motor | China |
| Dongfeng Fengon E1 | 2019 | Hatchback | DFSK Motor | China |
| Dongfeng Fengon E3/Seres E3 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | DFSK Motor | China |
| Dongfeng Fengshen A60 EV/Aeolus E70 | 2015 | Sedan | Dongfeng Motor | China |
| Dongfeng Fengxing T1 | 2019 | Hatchback | Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor | China |
| Dongfeng Ruitaite EM10 | Van | Dongfeng Motor | China | |
| Dongfeng Sokon EC31/EC35/EC36 | 2018 | Pickup truck and van | DFSK Motor | China |
| Enovate ME5 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Enovate | China |
| Enovate ME7 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Enovate | China |
| Everus VE-1 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Guangqi Honda | China-Japan |
| Farizon E5/E5L | Van | Farizon Auto | China | |
| Ford Territory EV | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Ford (JMC-Ford) | United States |
| Geely Emgrand EV | Sedan | Geely | China | |
| Geely Emgrand GSe | 2018 | Hatchback | Geely | China |
| Geometry A | 2019 | Sedan | Geely | China |
| Geometry C | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Geely | China |
| Geometry E | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Geely | |
| Great Wall Wingle 7 EV | 2018 | Pickup truck | Great Wall Motors | China |
| Higer H4E | 2016 | Van | Higer | China |
| HiPhi X | 2020 | Crossover SUV | HiPhi | China |
| HiPhi Z | 2022 | Shooting brake | HiPhi | China |
| Honda e:NS1 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Honda (Dongfeng Honda) | Japan |
| Honda e:NP1 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Honda (Guangqi Honda) | Japan |
| Hongqi E-HS3 | 2018 | Crossover SUV | FAW Group | China |
| Hongqi E-HS9 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | FAW Group | China |
| Hongqi E-QM5 | 2022 | Sedan | FAW Group | China |
| Hyundai Lafesta EV | 2019 | Sedan | Hyundai | South Korea |
| Hyundai Mistra EV | 2021 | Sedan | Hyundai | South Korea |
| IM L7 | 2022 | Sedan | IM Motors | China |
| JAC iC5/E J7/Sehol E50A | 2019 | Sedan | JAC Motors | China |
| JAC iEV6E/Sehol E10X | 2021 | Hatchback | JAC Motors | China |
| JAC iEV7S/Sehol E20X | 2017 | Crossover SUV | JAC Motors | China |
| JAC iEVA50 | 2018 | Sedan | JAC Motors | China |
| JAC iEVS4 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | JAC Motors | China |
| JAC J3 EV | 2020 | Crossover SUV | JAC Motors | China |
| Jetour X70S EV | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Chery Automobile | China |
| Kandi K23 | Hatchback | Kandi | China | |
| Kandi K27 | Hatchback | Kandi | China | |
| Kia K3 EV | 2021 | Sedan | Kia | South Korea |
| Leapmotor C11 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Leapmotor | China |
| Leapmotor S01 | 2019 | Coupé | Leapmotor | China |
| Leapmotor T03 | 2020 | Hatchback | Leapmotor | China |
| Maple 30X/Geometry EX3 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Geely Auto | China |
| Maple 80V | 2020 | MPV/minivan | Geely Auto | China |
| Maxus EG10 | 2016 | MPV/minivan | SAIC Motor | China |
| Maxus Euniq 5 | 2019 | MPV/minivan | SAIC Motor | China |
| Maxus Euniq 6 EV | 2021 | Crossover SUV | SAIC Motor | China |
| Maxus Mifa 9 | 2021 | Minivan/MPV | SAIC Motor | China |
| Maxus T90 EV | 2021 | Pickup truck | SAIC Motor | China |
| Mazda CX-30 EV | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Mazda | Japan |
| MG4 EV | 2022 | Hatchback | SAIC Motor | China |
| MG ZS EV | 2018 | Crossover SUV | SAIC Motor | China |
| Mitsubishi Airtrek | 2022 | Crossover SUV | GAC Mitsubishi | Japan |
| Modern IN | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Beijing Automobile Works | China |
| NAC Chang Da H9 | 2017 | Van | Nanjing Automobile-SAIC Motor | China |
| Neta GT | 2023 | Coupé | Hozon Auto | China |
| Neta U | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Hozon Auto | China |
| Neta S | 2021 | Sedan | Hozon Auto | China |
| Neta V | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Hozon Auto | China |
| Nio EC6 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Nio | China |
| Nio EC7 | 2023 | Crossover SUV | Nio | China |
| Nio EP9 | 2016 | Coupé | Nio | China |
| Nio ES6 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Nio | China |
| Nio ES7 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Nio | China |
| Nio ES8 | 2018 | Crossover SUV | Nio | China |
| Nio ET5 | 2021 | Sedan | Nio | China |
| Nio ET7 | 2021 | Sedan | Nio | China |
| Nissan Sylphy Z.E. | 2018 | Sedan | Nissan | Japan |
| Ora Cherry Cat | 2022 | Crossover SUV | Great Wall Motor | China |
| Ora Good Cat/Funky Cat | 2020 | Hatchback | Great Wall Motor | China |
| Ora Lightning Cat/Next Cat/Grand Cat | 2022 | Sedan | Great Wall Motor | China |
| Ora White Cat | 2020 | Hatchback | Great Wall Motor | China |
| Oushang A600 EV | 2019 | MPV/minivan | Changan Automobile | China |
| Qiantu K50 | 2017 | Coupé | Qiantu Motor | China |
| Renault City K-ZE | 2019 | Hatchback | Renault | France |
| Roewe Clever | 2020 | Microcar hatchback | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe Ei5/MG 5 EV/MG EP | 2017 | Station wagon | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe Ei6 | 2016 | Sedan | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe Ei6 Max | 2020 | Sedan | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe ER6 | 2020 | Sedan | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe ERX5 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe Marvel R | 2018 | Crossover SUV | SAIC Motor | China |
| Roewe/MG Marvel X | 2020 | Crossover SUV | SAIC Motor | China |
| Sehol E20X | 2018 | Hatchback | JAC Motors | China |
| Sehol X4 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | JAC Motors | China |
| Singulato iS6 | 2019 | Crossover SUV | Singulato | China |
| SRM Shineray X30LEV | 2018 | Van | Shineray Group | China |
| Toyota C-HR EV | 2020 | Crossover SUV | GAC Toyota | China-Japan |
| Toyota IZOA EV | 2020 | Crossover SUV | FAW Toyota | China-Japan |
| Toyota bZ3 | 2023 | Sedan | FAW Toyota | China-Japan |
| Trumpchi GE3 | 2017 | Crossover SUV | GAC Group | China |
| Trumpchi GS4 EV | 2016 | Crossover SUV | GAC Group | China |
| Volkswagen e-Lavida | 2019 | Sedan | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Volkswagen ID.6 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Volkswagen | Germany |
| Weltmeister E5 | 2021 | Sedan | Weltmeister | China |
| Weltmeister EX5 | 2018 | Crossover SUV | Weltmeister | China |
| Weltmeister EX6 | 2020 | Crossover SUV | Weltmeister | China |
| Weltmeister W6 | 2021 | Crossover SUV | Weltmeister | China |
| Wuling Air EV | 2022 | Microcar hatchback | SAIC-GM-Wuling | China |
| Wuling Hongguang Mini EV | 2020 | Microcar hatchback | SAIC-GM-Wuling | China |
| XPeng G3/Identity X | 2018 | Crossover SUV | XPeng | China |
| XPeng G9 | 2022 | Crossover SUV | XPeng | China |
| XPeng P5 | 2021 | Sedan | XPeng | China |
| XPeng P7 | 2020 | Sedan | XPeng | China |
| Yangwang U8 | 2023 | SUV | BYD Auto | China |
| Zeekr 001 | 2021 | Shooting brake | Geely | China |
| Zeekr X | 2023 | Crossover SUV | Geely | China |
Non-highway capable automobiles
Battery electric automobiles not capable of 100 km/h (62 mph) highway speed:
| Model | Calendar year produced |
Manufacturer | Marque origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aixam e-City/e-Coupe[31] | 2017 | Aixam | France |
| Arcimoto FUV | 2019 | Arcimoto | United States |
| Citroën Ami/Opel Rocks Electric | 2020 | Stellantis | France/Germany |
| Renault Twizy | 2012 | Renault | France |
| Tazzari Zero | 2009 | Tazzari Group | Italy |
| Toyota C+pod | 2021 | Toyota | Japan |
| Toyota COMS | 2000 | Toyota Auto Body | Japan |
Former production models
Post-1995
| Model | Calendar year produced |
Calendar year discontinued |
Manufacturer | Marque origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azure Transit Connect Electric | 2010 | 2012 | Azure Dynamics and Ford | United States | Around 500 units were sold before Azure stopped production in March 2012.[32] |
| Besturn X40 EV400/EV460 | 2017 | 2021 | FAW Group | China | |
| Bolloré Bluecar | 2011 | Véhicule Électriques Pininfarina Bolloré | France | Cumulative sales in France totaled 5,689 units by the end of September 2016.[33] | |
| Buddy | 2005 | Buddy Electric | Norway | ||
| BMW i3 | 2013 | 2022 | BMW | Germany | Global sales exceeded 220,000 throughout lifetime. |
| BYD e5 | 2015 | 2020 | BYD Auto | China | |
| Chery QQ3 EV | 2015 | 2020 | Chery Automobile | China | |
| Chevrolet S-10 EV | 1997 | 1998 | General Motors | United States | S-10 with GM EV1 powertrain, over 100 produced and only about 60 sold to private owners. |
| Chevrolet Spark EV | 2013 | 2016 | General Motors | United States | The Spark EV was released in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013.[34] GM planned to sell the Spark in Canada, South Korea and select European markets.[35][36] |
| Chrysler TEVan/EPIC | 1993 | 1999 | Chrysler | United States | Sold primarily to electric utilities, only 56 were produced and were sold for approximately $120,000 each. |
| Citroën AX Électrique | 1993 | 1996 | PSA Group | France | 374 produced between December 1993 and 1996.[37] |
| Citroën Berlingo électrique | 1998 | 2005 | PSA Group | France | |
| Citroën Berlingo Electric (2010) | 2010 | 2013 | PSA Group | France | In 2016 worldwide sales were 491, with just 19 sold in the UK.[38] |
| Citroën C1 ev'ie | 2009 | 2011 | PSA Group | France | EV conversion produced by Electric Car Corporation. |
| Citroën C-Zero | 2010 | 2020 | PSA Group (produced by Mitsubishi Motors) | France | Similar to Mitsubishi i-MiEV. |
| Citroën E-Méhari | 2016 | 2019 | PSA Group and Bolloré | France | Approximately 1,000 cars were planned to be produced in collaboration with the French electric car producer Bolloré.[39] |
| Citroën Saxo Électrique | 1997 | 2002 | PSA Group | France | 6,400 produced with Peugeot 106.[40] |
| CityEl | 1987 | Citycom GmbH | Denmark/Germany | Three-wheeled EV, produced in Germany. | |
| Coda Sedan | 2012 | 2013 | Coda Automotive | United States | Sales began in California in March 2012. |
| Dynasty IT | 2001 | 2007 | Dynasty Electric Vehicles | Canada | A NEV produced in Canada and later sold to Karakoram Motors in Pakistan. |
| Elcat Electric Vehicles | 1990 | 2002 | ELCAT | Finland | |
| Fiat 500e | 2013 | 2019 | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles | Italy | U.S. sales totaled 27,211 units.[41] |
| Ford Focus Electric | 2011 | 2018 | Ford | United States | U.S. sales totaled 9,226 units.[42] |
| Ford Ranger EV | 1998 | 2003 | Ford | United States | Several hundred were produced for lease only, almost all were recovered and most destroyed. |
| Ford Think City | 2000 | 2002 | Ford | United States | |
| General Motors EV1 | 1996 | 2003 | General Motors | United States | First generation (1996–1997) used VRLA batteries, second generation (1999–2003) used NiMH batteries. |
| GTA MyCar | 2003 | 2017 | EuAuto Technology/GreenTech Automotive | Hong Kong | A NEV designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and produced by a Hong Kong company in China. |
| Honda Clarity Electric | 2017 | 2019 | Honda | Japan | |
| Honda EV Plus | 1997 | 1999 | Honda | Japan | About 300 produced.[43] |
| Honda Fit EV | 2012 | 2014 | Honda | Japan | Production was be limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in July 2012 and availability is limited to California and Oregon.[44] |
| Hyundai Ioniq Electric | 2016 | 2022 | Hyundai | South Korea | |
| Leahead i1 | 2015 | 2016 | GAC Toyota | China-Japan | |
| Lumeneo Smera | 2013 | 2013 | Lumeneo | France | Highway speed-capable microcar. Sold 10 cars in 2013 before going bankrupt.[45] |
| Mahindra e2o | 2013 | 2017 | Mahindra Electric | India | |
| Mahindra e2o Plus | 2016 | 2019 | Mahindra & Mahindra | India | [46] |
| Mahindra eVerito | 2016 | 2019 | Mahindra & Mahindra | India | [47] |
| Mercedes-Benz A-Class E-Cell | 2010 | 2010 | Daimler AG | Germany | Developed with Tesla Motors. Limited production of 500 A-Class E-Cell electric cars was built, for trial purposes and lease to customers in Europe.[48] |
| Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive | 2014 | 2019 | Daimler AG | Germany | Production for retail customers began in April 2014.[49] |
| Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Electric Drive | 2013 | 2013 | Daimler AG | Germany | Fewer than 100 units were sold.[50] |
| Mercedes-Benz Vito E-Cell | 2010 | Daimler AG | Germany | ||
| Mia | 2011 | 2013 | Mia Electric | France | |
| Miles XS500 | Miles Electric Vehicles | United States | Production electric vehicle based on the Chery QQ. | ||
| Mitsubishi i-MiEV | 2009 | 2021 | Mitsubishi Motors | Japan | |
| Modec | 2007 | 2011 | Modec | United Kingdom | Electric delivery vans. |
| Neta N01 | 2018 | 2020 | Hozon Auto | China | Over 18,000 units were sold.[51] |
| Nissan Hypermini | 1999 | 2001 | Nissan | Japan | 219 produced. |
| Ora iQ | 2018 | 2020 | Great Wall Motor | China | 10,300 units were sold in the first full year of sales, 2019.[52] |
| Ora Black Cat | 2019 | 2022 | Great Wall Motor | China | [53] |
| Ora White Cat | 2020 | 2022 | Great Wall Motor | China | [53] |
| Opel Ampera-e | 2017 | 2020 | PSA Group (produced by GM) | Germany | |
| Peugeot 106 Électrique | 1996 | 2003 | PSA Group | France | Similar to Citroën Saxo |
| Peugeot iOn | 2010 | 2020 | PSA Group (produced by Mitsubishi Motors) | France | Similar to Mitsubishi i-MiEV. |
| Peugeot Partner Électrique | 1998 | 2005 | PSA Group | France | |
| Ranz E50 | 2015 | 2016 | FAW Toyota | China-Japan | [54] |
| Renault Fluence Z.E./Renault Samsung SM3 Z.E. | 2011 | 2020 | Renault | France | Global sales totaled 10,600 units through December 2019, mostly composed of SM3 Z.E. units.[55] |
| REVA/REVAi/G-Wiz i | 2001 | 2019 | Reva Electric Car Company | India | Since 2001 more than 4,000 cars were sold worldwide by March 2011 and was available in 26 countries.[56][57] Sales in the UK, where it was sold as the G-Wiz and became its main market, ended by late 2011.[58] |
| Roewe E50 | 2012 | 2016 | SAIC Motor | China | |
| SEAT e-Mii | 2020 | 2021 | SEAT | Spain | [59][60] |
| Škoda/Tatra Beta | 1994 | 1997 | Škoda ELCAR Ejpovice | Czech Republic | About 100 produced, using nickel-cadmium batteries[61][62] |
| Škoda Citigo iV | 2019 | 2020 | Škoda Auto | Czech Republic | [63][64] |
| Smart ED | 2007 | 2017 | Daimler AG | Germany | Available for lease in the United States since early 2011. Originally converted by Zytek from 100 Smart Fortwos. |
| smart EQ forfour | 2017 | 2021 | Daimler AG | Germany | |
| Tesla Roadster (first generation) | 2008 | 2012 | Tesla Motors | United States | |
| The Kurrent | 2006 | 2007 | American Electric Motor Vehicle Company | United States | Neighborhood electric vehicle. |
| Think City | 2008 | 2011 | Think Global | Norway | Successor of the Ford Th!nk. |
| Toyota eQ/Scion iQ EV | 2011 | 2013 | Toyota | Japan | Deployed in limited quantities for research purposes. |
| Toyota RAV4 EV (1997) | 1997 | 2003 | Toyota | Japan | Leased and sold on US east and west coast. 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California.[65][66] |
| Toyota RAV4 EV (2012) | 2012 | 2014 | Toyota | Japan | Leased and sold only in California, from 2012 through 2015. 2,489 units were sold in the U.S. through April 2015.[67][68] |
| Volkswagen e-Golf | 2014 | 2020 | Volkswagen | Germany | [69] |
| Volvo C30 Electric | 2010 | 2012 | Volvo Cars | Sweden | |
| Venturi Fétish | 2004 | 2007 | Venturi | Monaco | Only 25 units have been produced.[70] |
| Wheego Whip LiFe | 2011 | 2013 | Shuanghuan Auto and Wheego Technologies | China-United States | Sales began in the U.S. in April 2011.[71] A total of 34 units had been sold by March 2012,[72] and 400 had been produced when production ended in 2013. |
| ZENN | 2006 | 2010 | ZENN Motor Company | Canada | Based on the Microcar MC2 |
| Zinoro 1E | 2013 | BMW Brilliance | China-Germany | ||
| Zinoro 60H | 2017 | 2019 | BMW Brilliance | China-Germany | |
| Zotye E200 | 2016 | 2020 | Zotye | China | Sales ended in early 2020.[73] |
Pre-1995
| Model | Calendar year produced | Calendar year discontinued | Manufacturer | Marque origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM General Jeep DJ-5E Electruck | 1974 | 1974 | AM General | United States | Sold to United States Postal Service and Canada Post.[74] |
| Baker Electric | 1899 | 1914 | Baker Motor Vehicle | United States | |
| CitiCar | 1974 | 1977 | Sebring-Vanguard | United States | Microcar, a total of 4,444 units were produced up to 1979.[75] |
| Detroit Electric | 1907 | 1939 | Anderson Electric Car Company | United States | Between 1907 and 1939 a total of 13,000 electric cars were built.[76] |
| Enfield 8000 | 1973 | 1973 | Enfield Automotive | United Kingdom | 120 cars were built in total, of which 65 were used by the Electricity Council.[77] |
| Fiat Panda Elettra | 1990 | 1998 | Fiat | Italy | |
| Henney Kilowatt | 1959 | 1960 | Henney Motor Company | United States | |
| Scottish Aviation Scamp | 1964 | 1966 | Scottish Aviation | United Kingdom | Produced for the Central Electricity Generating Board. 13 prototypes only. |
| Sinclair C5 | 1985 | 1985 | Sinclair Vehicles | United Kingdom | Recumbent tricycle. Out of 14,000 C5s made, only 5,000 were sold.[78] |
| Studebaker Electric | 1902 | 1912 | Studebaker | United States | Produced from 1902 to 1912 in South Bend, Indiana |
| VAZ-111E | 1989 | 1998 | AvtoVAZ | Soviet Union | |
| Zagato Zele | 1974 | 1976 | Zagato | Italy | Made by the Italian design firm Zagato. About 500 vehicles were made. |
Demonstration fleets or prototypes
| Model | Calendar year produced | Calendar year discontinued | Manufacturer | Marque origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC Propulsion tzero | 1997 | 1997 | AC Propulsion | United States | Two-seat sportster prototype, four produced.[citation needed] |
| Autobianchi Y10 Electrica | 1989 | 1990 | [79] | ||
| BMW ActiveE | 2012 | 2012 | BMW | Germany | Field testing in the U.S. began in January 2012, after the Mini E trial ended.[80] Available only in select markets.[81] |
| Elcat Electric Vehicles | 2002 | Elcat Automotive | Finland | ||
| Electrorides ZeroTruck | 2008 | Electrorides | United States | Based on an Isuzu N-series platform, retrofitted with a UQM Technologies electric motor.[82] | |
| Electrosport | 1971 | 1974 | Electric Fuel Propulsion Company | United States | |
| EMC E36 | 2011 | 2011 | |||
| Hyundai BlueOn | 2009 | 2010 | Hyundai | South Korea | Field testing with 30 units began in South Korea by late 2010, production was planned.[83] |
| Iveco Daily | 2010 | Iveco | Italy | ||
| Lada Ellada | 2011 | AvtoVAZ | Russia | ||
| Mercedes-Benz Vito 108E | 1996 | Daimler AG | Germany | [84] | |
| Mini E | 2009 | 2010 | BMW | United Kingdom | Built for field trials.[85] |
| Miles ZX40ST | 2007 | Miles Electric Vehicles | United States | ||
| Mitsubishi Fuso eCanter | 2016 | Mitsubishi Fuso | Japan | ||
| Nissan Altra EV | 1998 | 2002 | Nissan | Japan | Only about 200 vehicles were ever produced mainly for fleet.[86] |
| Optimal Energy Joule | 2008 | 2012 | Optimal Energy | South Africa | A concept car that was never released commercially; development ceased in April 2012. |
| Tango | 2005 | Commuter Cars | United States | ||
| Tata Indica Vista EV | 2008 | 2011 | Tata Motors Cars | India | |
| Volkswagen Golf blue-e-motion | 2011 | 2012 | Volkswagen | Germany | |
| Volkswagen Golf CITYStromer | Volkswagen | Germany | |||
| Volkswagen Jetta CITYStromer | Volkswagen | Germany | |||
| Wrightspeed X1 | 2006 | Wrightspeed | United States | An Ariel Atom sports car modified to use an all-electric powertrain. Production has been cancelled. | |
| Zytek Lotus Elise | 1998 | 2003 | Lotus Cars and Zytek | United Kingdom |
Vehicles planned for production
| Model | Calendar year |
|---|---|
| Acura EUV | 2024 |
| Alpha Motor Corporation Alpha Wolf | 2023 |
| Aptera | 2024 |
| Aston Martin Lagonda All-Terrain | 2023 |
| Audi A6 e-tron | 2023 |
| Bentley EV | 2025 |
| BMW i5 | 2024 |
| BYD Seagull and BYD Sea Lion | 2022/2023 |
| Cadillac Celestiq | 2024 |
| Cadillac Escalade IQ | 2024 |
| Canoo MPDV | 2024 |
| Chevrolet Blazer EV | 2023 |
| Chevrolet Equinox EV | 2023 |
| Chevrolet Silverado EV | 2023 |
| Chrysler Airflow (EV) | 2024 |
| City Transformer CT-1 | 2024[87] |
| City Transformer urban CT-2 | 2024[88] |
| Cupra Tavascan | 2024 |
| DeLorean Alpha5 | 2024 |
| Dodge eMuscle | 2024 |
| EdisonFuture EF1-T | 2025 |
| Faraday Future FF91 | 2023 |
| Ferrari EV | 2025 |
| Ford E-Transit Custom | 2023 |
| Ford Explorer EV | 2024 |
| Ford Fiesta EV | 2023 |
| Genesis Essentia | 2023 |
| Honda Prologue | 2024 |
| Humble Motors Humble One | 2025[89] |
| Hyundai Ioniq 7 | 2024 |
| Iveco eDaily | 2023 |
| Izera Z100 | 2023[90] |
| Izera T100[90] | 2023 |
| Jeep Wrangler Magneto EV | 2023 |
| Kia EV9 | 2023 |
| Lexus LF-Z | 2025 |
| Lincoln Aviator Electric | 2024 |
| Lincoln Mark E | 2023 |
| Maserati GranTurismo Folgore | 2023 |
| Mercedes-Benz EQG | 2024 |
| Mullen Technologies Mullen FIVE | 2023 |
| Polestar 4 | 2023 |
| Polestar 5 | 2024 (Precept Concept) |
| Porsche Macan EV | 2023 |
| Ram 1500 REV | 2024 |
| Rolls-Royce Spectre | 2023 |
| Smart #3 | 2023 |
| Sono Motors Sion | 2023[91] |
| Tata Harrier EV | 2024 |
| Tata Curvv | 2024 |
| Tesla Roadster (second generation) | 2023 |
| Tesla Semi | 2023 |
| Volkswagen ID.7 | 2023 |
| Volkswagen ID. Space Vizzion | 2023 |
| Volvo XC60 EV | 2024 |
| Volvo EX30 | 2023/2024 |
| Zeekr 009 | 2023 |
Motorcycles and scooters
Buses
- Alexander Dennis Enviro 200
- BYD C9
- BYD K9
- Higer Steed EV
- Optare Metrocity EV
- Optare Metrodecker EV
- Optare Versa EV
- Oreos 2X (PVI)
- Oreos 4X (PVI)
- eBuzz K7[92]
- VinBus
Trucks
- Tesla Cybertruck production to start mid-2023.[93]
- Tesla Semi, all-electric class 8 truck: Elon Musk announced that Tesla is starting Tesla Semi production in 2022 October and that Pepsi is going to get the first electric trucks starting December.[94]
Three-wheelers
Passenger vehicles
Champion polyplast
- SAARTHI SHAVAK E AUTO[citation needed]
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited
Omega Seiki Mobility
Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited
Cargo vehicles
Altigreen Propulsion Labs Pvt Ltd[citation needed]
- NEEV
- NEEV HD
- NEEV LR
Keto Motors Private Limited
- BULKe
- BULKe plus 2.0
Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd[citation needed]
- KINETIC SAFAR STAR – 400
- KINETIC SAFAR JUMBO – PICKUP
Lohia Auto Industries
- Humsafar iB
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited[citation needed]
- Treo Zor
- Treo Zor FB
- Treo Zor DV
Omega Seiki Mobility [citation needed]
- RAGE+
- SUN-RI
Rickshaws
Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd[citation needed]
- KINETIC SAFAR SMART
- Kinetic SAFAR SMART LFP
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited[citation needed]
- Treo Yaari HRT
- Treo Yaari SFT
Omega Seiki Mobility[citation needed]
- RIDE
See also
- Battery electric multiple unit
- Battery electric vehicle
- Electric aircraft
- Electric boat
- Electric fire engine
- Electric motorcycles and scooters
- Electric vehicle conversion
- Plug-in electric vehicle
- Plug-in hybrid
Notes
- ↑ Indicates whether the vehicle is a dedicated battery electric vehicle without any non-battery electric counterpart sharing the same underpinnings or body
References
- ↑ Holland, Maximilian (10 March 2020). "Tesla Passes 1 Million EV Milestone & Model 3 Becomes All Time Best Seller". https://cleantechnica.com/2020/03/10/tesla-passes-1-million-ev-milestone-and-model-3-becomes-all-time-best-seller/. "Tesla’s quarterly reports, meanwhile, had put the Model 3’s cumulative sales at 447,980 at the end of 2019."
- ↑ Munoz, Juan Felipe (2023-05-25). "Tesla Model Y Was The World's Best-Selling Car In Q1 2023". Motor1. https://www.motor1.com/news/669135/tesla-model-y-worlds-best-selling-car-q1-2023/.
- ↑ "The first all-electric Audi on the basis of the MLB evo". https://www.audi-technology-portal.de/en/download?file=2896.
- ↑ "The J1 performance platform – the first e-tron GT concept". https://www.audi-technology-portal.de/en/download?file=2950.
- ↑ "Audi Q4 e-tron concept" (in en). https://www.audi.com/en/innovation/concept-cars/q4-e-tron-concept.html.
- ↑ Toma, Sebastian (19 October 2021). "BMW Prepping New Platform for 2025 Release, It Will Be Fit for Any Kind of EV" (in en). https://www.autoevolution.com/news/bmw-prepping-new-platform-for-2025-release-it-will-be-fit-for-any-kind-of-ev-172062.html.
- ↑ DeMattia, Nico (1 July 2021). "BMW iX: This is why an EV-focused platform is exciting" (in en-US). https://www.bmwblog.com/2021/07/01/bmw-ix-ev-platform-is-exciting/.
- ↑ "BMW Has A Totally New Approach To Building EVs" (in en-us). 20 July 2020. https://carbuzz.com/news/bmw-has-a-totally-new-approach-to-building-evs.
- ↑ "2023 Cadillac Lyriq". 23 June 2021. https://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/cadillac/lyriq/2023-cadillac-lyriq/.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "GM BEV2 Vehicle Platform". 25 May 2017. https://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/gm-platforms/gm-bev-2-platform/.
- ↑ "Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance To Unveil 35 New EVs By 2030" (in en-US). 27 January 2022. https://www.carscoops.com/2022/01/renault-nissan-mitsubishi-alliance-to-unveil-35-new-evs-by-2030/.
- ↑ Radu, Vlad (8 January 2021). "A Complete Overview of the Ford Mustang Mach-E's Diverse Powertrain Options" (in en). https://www.autoevolution.com/news/a-complete-overview-of-the-ford-mustang-mach-es-diverse-powertrain-options-154178.html.
- ↑ "Genesis presents the first E-GMP model" (in en-US). 19 August 2021. https://www.electrive.com/2021/08/19/genesis-presents-the-first-e-gmp-model/.
- ↑ "GMC Hummer EV Won't Share Components With ICE Trucks From GM" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/458415/gmc-hummer-ev-no-components-sharing-bespoke/.
- ↑ "Introducing the E-GMP | Brand – Hyundai Worldwide" (in en). https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/brand/e-gmp-revolution.
- ↑ "Tesla Model S vs Jaguar I-Pace" (in en). https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/tesla/model-s/108090/tesla-model-s-vs-jaguar-i-pace.
- ↑ "Kia presents first dedicated electric car Kia EV6 on E-GMP" (in en-US). 30 March 2021. https://www.electrive.com/2021/03/30/kia-presents-first-dedicated-electric-car-kia-ev6-on-e-gmp/.
- ↑ "New 2021 Lexus UX 300e electric SUV on sale now with 196-mile range" (in en). https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/lexus/ux/108379/new-2021-lexus-ux-300e-electric-suv-sale-now-196-mile-range.
- ↑ Pappas, Thanos (31 August 2021). "Lotus Teases Four New EV Models, Including Three SUVs And A Sportscar". https://www.carscoops.com/2021/08/lotus-teases-four-new-ev-models-including-three-suvs-and-a-sportscar/.
- ↑ "1,973-hp Lotus Evija electric hypercar enters final stage of development" (in en). https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1126163_1-973-hp-lotus-evija-electric-hypercar-enters-final-stage-of-development.
- ↑ "Modular Multi-Energy Platforms: For Efficient Variety of Models" (in en). https://www.media.stellantis.com/em-en/opel/press/modular-multi-energy-platforms-for-efficient-variety-of-models.
- ↑ "Get to know the MEB platform, the base of the ŠKODA ENYAQ iV" (in en-GB). 8 October 2020. https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/skoda-world/innovation-and-technology/get-to-know-the-meb-platform-the-base-of-the-skoda-enyaq-iv/.
- ↑ "New Smart #1 is 268bhp spearhead for brand's all-EV relaunch" (in en). https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/new-smart-1-268bhp-spearhead-brands-all-ev-relaunch.
- ↑ "Subaru Unveils Solterra Global All-Electric SUV" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/546942/subaru-solterra-world-premiere/.
- ↑ "Tesla Model X design & styling" (in en). https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/tesla/model-x/design.
- ↑ "Tesla Model Y: Features, Prices, Specs, and More" (in en-US). https://electrek.co/guides/tesla-model-y/.
- ↑ "2023 Toyota BZ4X Debuts With Estimated 250-Mile Range, Up To 215 HP" (in en). https://www.motor1.com/news/548378/toyota-bz4x-production-spec-debut/.
- ↑ "Volkswagen e-Up! price and specifications". https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/electric-fleet/electric-car-and-van-data/volkswagen/e-up--1189.
- ↑ "2024 Volvo EX90 First Look: Swedish Electric Flagship SUV Debuts" (in en). 9 November 2022. https://www.motortrend.com/news/2024-volvo-ex90-first-look-electric-luxury-suv-review/.
- ↑ Kane, Mark (2022-01-14). "China: Wuling Hong Guang MINI EV Sets Massive Sales Record". https://insideevs.com/news/560897/china-wuling-hongguang-sales-2021/.
- ↑ "Voiture electrique sans permis e Aixam : votre voiture sans permis electrique – Aixam". http://www.mon-aixam-electrique.com/.
- ↑ John Voelcker (17 October 2012). "Nissan e-NV200: Driving Nissan's Prototype Electric Minivan". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1079897_nissan-e-nv200-driving-nissans-prototype-electric-minivan. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ↑ Cobb, Jeff (10 October 2016). "France Becomes Fifth Nation To Buy 100,000 Plug-in Vehicles". HybridCars.com. http://www.hybridcars.com/france-becomes-fifth-nation-to-buy-100000-plug-in-vehicles/.
- ↑ John Voelcker (20 June 2013). "First 2014 Chevrolet Spark EVs Now At CA, Oregon Dealers". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1084889_first-2014-chevrolet-spark-evs-now-at-ca-oregon-dealers.
- ↑ "Chevrolet Spark EV priced below $25,000 with tax incentives; Oregon and Canada added to markets". Green Car Congress. 27 November 2012. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/11/sparkev-20121127.html.
- ↑ Mike Szostech. "Chevy Spark EV will be sold in Europe Too". My Electric Car Forums. http://www.myelectriccarforums.com/chevy-spark-ev-will-be-sold-in-europe-too/.
- ↑ "Citroën Celebrates 20 Years of Pioneering the Electric Automobile" (in en-CA). 16 December 2013. https://citroenvie.com/citroen-celebrates-20-years-of-pioneering-the-electric-automobile/.
- ↑ "Citroen E-Berlingo signals brand's electric ambitions". 21 March 2017. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/citroen-e-berlingo-signals-brands-electric-ambitions.
- ↑ Pander, Jürgen (4 March 2016). "Elektroautos in Kleinserie – Zum Knutschen" (in de). Spiegel.de. http://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/elektroautos-auf-dem-genfer-autosalon-wir-verzichten-a-1080490.html.
- ↑ Museum, Lane Motor. "Citroën Saxo Electrique-1997 – Lane Motor Museum" (in en-gb). https://www.lanemotormuseum.org/collection/cars/item/citroen-saxo-electrique-1997.
- ↑ "Monthly plug-in sales scorecard". https://insideevs.com/monthly-plug-in-sales-scorecard/.
- ↑ Loveday, Steven. "Monthly Plug-In EV Sales Scorecard". https://insideevs.com/news/343998/monthly-plug-in-ev-sales-scorecard/.
- ↑ Rechtin, Mark (26 April 1999). "Honda pulls the plug on EV Plus". Automotive News. https://www.autonews.com/article/19990426/ANA/904260758/honda-pulls-the-plug-on-ev-plus.
- ↑ Zach McDonald (20 July 2012). "Honda Registers First Fit EV Delivery". Plugincars.com. http://www.plugincars.com/honda-registers-first-fit-ev-delivery-123312.html.
- ↑ "SMERA specifications". Lumeneo.fr. http://www.lumeneo.fr/smera_technical_specifications_eng.php.
- ↑ Mohile, Shally Seth (30 April 2019). "M&M stops producing India's first electric car model amid flagging sales". Business Standard India. https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/m-m-pulls-the-plug-on-india-s-1st-e-car-over-flagging-sales-safety-norms-119043001421_1.html.
- ↑ "Mahindra e-Verito launched at Rs 9.50 lakh". 2 June 2016. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/auto/mahindra-e-verito-launched-at-rs-9-50-lakh/mahindra-e-verito-launched/slideshow/52554663.cms.
- ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Introduces the Battery-Powered A-Class E-CELL; Production Run of 500". Green Car Congress. 15 September 2010. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/09/aclassecell-20100915.html.
- ↑ Eric Loveday (11 April 2014). "Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive Enters Production – Job #1 Rolls Off The Line". InsideEVs.com. http://insideevs.com/mercedes-benz-b-class-electric-drive-now-production-job-1-rolls-line/.
- ↑ Siu, Jason (13 October 2016). "Audi Quietly Discontinues All-Electric R8 E-Tron – Again". HybridCars.com. http://www.hybridcars.com/audi-quietly-discontinues-all-electric-r8-e-tron-again/.
- ↑ "Neta N01 China auto sales figures". 17 January 2019. https://carsalesbase.com/china-neta-n01/.
- ↑ "Ora iQ China Sales Figures". https://carsalesbase.com/china-ora-iq/.
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 Zhang, Phate (February 15, 2022). "Ora reportedly discontinues two lower-priced models". https://cnevpost.com/2022/02/15/ora-reportedly-stops-taking-orders-for-some-lower-priced-models/.
- ↑ "FAW-Toyota Ranz E50 EV launched on the Shanghai Auto Show" (in en-US). 24 April 2015. https://carnewschina.com/2015/04/24/faw-toyota-ranz-e50-ev-launched-on-the-shanghai-auto-show/.
- ↑ Groupe Renaul (19 March 2020). "2019 Universal Registration Document". Renault. https://group.renault.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/urd_2019_-3-avril_14h.pdf. See pp. 24 and 39. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the Group has sold more than 252,000 electric vehicles in Europe and more than 273,550 electric vehicles worldwide. Since inception, a total of 181,893 Zoe cars, 48,821 Kangoo Z.E. electric vans and 10,600 Fluence Z.E./SM3 Z.E. cars have been sold globally through December 2019.
- ↑ Praveena Sharma (17 March 2011). "Govt subsidy may rev up Reva sales". Daily News & Analysis India. http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_govt-subsidy-may-rev-up-reva-sales_1520820.
- ↑ "Mahindra REVA: Petrol-free REVA". REVA Electric Car Company. http://www.petrolfreeworld.com/. Click on Sales and Service Locator
- ↑ Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield (16 February 2011). "EXCLUSIVE: What Killed The Electric Car? For G-Wiz, Other Electric Cars". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1055499_exclusive-what-killed-the-electric-car-for-g-wiz-other-electric-cars.
- ↑ "2020 SEAT Mii Electric Revealed In Production Form" (in en). https://www.motor1.com/news/352899/2020-seat-mii-production-version/.
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- ↑ Jim Motavalli (16 July 2010). "Toyota and Tesla Plan an Electric RAV4". New York Times. http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/toyota-and-tesla-plan-an-electric-rav4/.
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- ↑ Linde, Arvid (2010) (in en). Electric Cars – The Future is Now!. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84584-498-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=9U1iemwAWUcC&q=Venturi+F%C3%A9tish&pg=PA88.
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- ↑ "Test Extra: Enfield 8000 Electric". Autocar 144 (4137): 66–69. 21 February 1976.
- ↑ Adamson, Ian; Kennedy, Richard (1986). Sinclair and the 'Sunrise' Technology. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 188.
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- ↑ Jim Motavalli (12 January 2012). "The Mini-E's True Believer Gets the Keys to the First BMW ActiveE". PluginCars. http://www.plugincars.com/mini-e-true-believer-gets-keys-first-activee-111478.html.
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- ↑ "EV WORLDwire: Santa Monica Introduces Electric Zero Truck Into City Fleet". Evworld.com. 21 June 2009. http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=21244.
- ↑ Paul Stenquist (9 September 2010). "A Plug-In Electric for Hyundai's Home Market". The New York Times. http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/09/a-plug-in-electric-for-hyundais-home-market/. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- ↑ "25 years ago: Premiere of the Mercedes-Benz Vito 108 E" (in en). https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/25-years-ago-Premiere-of-the-Mercedes-Benz-Vito-108-E.xhtml?oid=50403912.
- ↑ Michael Thwaite (10 October 2010). "MINI E Meetup: End of the Line For Electric Car 'Experiment'". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1067036_mini-e-meetup-end-of-the-line-for-electric-car-experiment. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
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- ↑ "Exclusive: City Transformer CT-1 first drive | Move Electric". https://www.moveelectric.com/e-cars/exclusive-city-transformer-ct-1-first-drive.
- ↑ Carey, Nick (2023-01-29). "With tiny EV, City Transformer takes aim at Europe's urban markets" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/with-tiny-ev-city-transformer-takes-aim-europes-urban-markets-2023-01-29/.
- ↑ Cormack, Rachel (29 March 2021). "A Solar Roof Helps This New Electric SUV Concept Drive 500 Miles on a Single Charge" (in en-US). https://robbreport.com/motors/cars/solar-powered-suv-humble-one-range-500-miles-1234604021/.
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 "Izera SUV and Hatchback Prototypes Aim to Become the First Polish EVs in 2023". 3 August 2020. https://www.carscoops.com/2020/08/izera-suv-and-hatchback-prototypes-aim-to-become-the-first-polish-evs-in-2023/.
- ↑ "Sion Electric Car". https://sonomotors.com/en/sion/.
- ↑ "Himachal Roadways launches e-bus on Kullu-Manali-Rohtang Pass route – The Hindu BusinessLine". 4 April 2019. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/himachal-roadways-launches-ebus-on-kullumanalirohtang-pass-route/article9869339.ece.
- ↑ "Exclusive: Tesla's Cybertruck to start mass production at end of 2023" (in en). Reuters. 2022-11-01. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/exclusive-tesla-plans-mass-production-start-cybertruck-end-2023-sources-2022-11-01/.
- ↑ Lambert, Fred (2022-10-07). "Tesla Semi production starts; Pepsi to get first electric trucks" (in en-US). https://electrek.co/2022/10/06/tesla-semi-production-starts-pepsi-first-electric-trucks/.
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