Physics:Isotopes of yttrium

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Main isotopes of Chemistry:yttrium (39Y)
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
87Y syn 3.4 d ε 87Sr
γ –
88Y syn 106.6 d ε 88Sr
γ –
89Y 100% stable
90Y syn 2.7 d β− 90Zr
γ –
91Y syn 58.5 d β− 91Zr
γ –
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Y)
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Natural yttrium (39Y) is composed of the single stable isotope, 89Y. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y, which has a half-life of 106.63 days, and 91Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes and isomers have half-lives of less than 15 hours, except 87Y with 79.8 hours and 90Y with 64.05 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture to isotopes of strontium and the dominant mode after it is beta emission to isotopes of zirconium.

In total, the isotopes characterized range from 76Y to 109Y.

In products of nuclear fission, 90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90. This isotope alone is also used in medicine; see yttrium-90.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life
[n 4] 		Decay
mode
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] 		Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4] 		Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion Range of variation
76Y 39 37 75.95894(32)# 28(9) ms β+? 76Sr 1−#
p? 75Sr
β+, p? 75Rb
77Y 39 38 76.95015(22)# 63(17) ms β+ 77Sr 5/2+#
p? 76Sr
β+, p? 76Rb
78Y 39 39 77.94399(32)# 54(5) ms β+ 78Sr (0+)
β+, p? 77Rb
78mY[n 9] ~300 keV[n 10] 5.8(6) s β+ 78Sr (5+)
β+, p? 77Rb
79Y 39 40 78.937752(14)[2] 14.8(6) s β+ 79Sr 5/2+#
80Y 39 41 79.9343548(67) 30.1(5) s β+ 80Sr 4−
80m1Y 228.5(1) keV 4.8(3) s IT (81%) 80Y 1−
β+ (19%) 80Sr
80m2Y 312.6(9) keV 4.7(3) μs IT 80Y (2+)
81Y 39 42 80.9294459(30)[3] 70.4(10) s β+ 81Sr (5/2+)
82Y 39 43 81.9269302(59) 8.30(20) s β+ 82Sr 1+
82m1Y 402.63(14) keV 258(22) ns IT 82Y 4−
82m2Y 507.50(13) keV 148(6) ns IT 82Y 6+
83Y 39 44 82.922484(20) 7.08(8) min β+ 83Sr (9/2+)
83mY 62.04(10) keV 2.85(2) min β+ (60%) 83Sr (3/2−)
IT (40%) 83Y
84Y 39 45 83.9206711(46) 39.5(8) min β+ 84Sr (6+)
84m1Y 67.0(2) keV 4.6(2) s β+ 84Sr 1+
84m2Y 210.42(16) keV 292(10) ns IT 84Y 4−
85Y 39 46 84.916433(20) 2.68(5) h β+ 85Sr (1/2)−
85m1Y 19.68(17) keV 4.86(20) h β+ 85Sr (9/2)+
IT? 85Y
85m2Y 266.18(10) keV 178(7) ns IT 85Y (5/2)−
86Y 39 47 85.914886(15) 14.74(2) h β+ 86Sr 4−
86m1Y 218.21(9) keV 47.4(4) min IT (99.31%) 86Y (8+)
β+ (0.69%) 86Sr
86m2Y 302.18(9) keV 125.3(55) ns IT 86Y 6+
87Y 39 48 86.9108761(12) 79.8(3) h β+ 87Sr 1/2−
87mY 380.82(7) keV 13.37(3) h IT (98.43%) 87Y 9/2+
β+ (1.57%) 87Sr
88Y 39 49 87.9095013(16) 106.629(24) d β+ 88Sr 4−
88m1Y 392.86(9) keV 301(3) μs IT 88Y 1+
88m2Y 674.55(4) keV 13.98(17) ms IT 88Y 8+
89Y[n 11] 39 50 88.90583816(36) Stable 1/2− 1.0000
89mY 908.97(3) keV 15.663(5) s IT 89Y 9/2+
90Y[n 11] 39 51 89.90714175(38) 64.05(5) h β− 90Zr 2−
90mY 682.01(5) keV 3.226(11) h IT 90Y 7+
β− (0.0018%) 90Zr
91Y[n 11] 39 52 90.9072980(20) 58.51(6) d β− 91Zr 1/2−
91mY 555.58(5) keV 49.71(4) min IT 91Y 9/2+
β−? 91Zr
92Y 39 53 91.9089458(98) 3.54(1) h β− 92Zr 2−
92mY 807(50)# keV 3.7(5) μs IT 92Y 7+#
93Y 39 54 92.909578(11) 10.18(8) h β− 93Zr 1/2−
93mY 758.719(21) keV 820(40) ms IT 93Y 9/2+
94Y 39 55 93.9115921(68) 18.7(1) min β− 94Zr 2−
94mY 1202.3(10) keV 1.304(12) μs IT 94Y (5+)
95Y 39 56 94.9128197(73) 10.3(1) min β− 95Zr 1/2−
95mY 1087.6(6) keV 48.6(5) μs IT 95Y 9/2+
96Y 39 57 95.9159093(65) 5.34(5) s β− 96Zr 0−
96m1Y 1540(9) keV 9.6(2) s β− 96Zr 8+
96m2Y 1655.0(11) keV 181(9) ns IT 96Y (6+)
97Y 39 58 96.9182867(72) 3.75(3) s β− (99.945%) 97Zr 1/2−
β−, n (0.055%) 96Zr
97m1Y 667.52(23) keV 1.17(3) s β− (>99.2%) 97Zr 9/2+
IT (<0.7%) 97Y
β−, n (0.11%) 96Zr
97m2Y 3522.6(4) keV 142(8) ms IT (94.8%) 97Y (27/2−)
β− (5.2%) 97Zr
98Y 39 59 97.9223948(85) 548(2) ms β− (99.67%) 98Zr 0−
β−, n (0.33%) 97Zr
98m1Y 170.78(5) keV 615(8) ns IT 98Y 2−
98m2Y 465.7(7) keV 2.32(8) s β− (96.56%) 98Zr (6,7)+
β−, n (3.44%) 97Zr
IT? 98Y
98m3Y 496.10(11) keV 6.90(54) μs IT 98Y (4)−
98m4Y 594(10) keV 180(7) ns IT 98Y (3−,4−)
98m5Y 972.17(20) keV 450(150) ns IT 98Y (8+)
98m6Y 1181.50(18) keV 762(14) ns IT 98Y (10−)
99Y 39 60 98.9241608(71) 1.484(7) s β− (98.23%) 99Zr 5/2+
β−, n (1.77%) 98Zr
99mY 2141.65(19) keV 8.2(4) μs IT 99Y (17/2+)
100Y 39 61 99.927728(12) 940(30) ms β− 100Zr 4+
β−, n? 99Zr
100mY 144(16) keV 727(6) ms β− (98.92%) 100Zr 1+#
β−, n (1.08%) 99Zr
101Y 39 62 100.9301608(76) 426(20) ms β− (97.7%) 101Zr 5/2+
β−, n (2.3%) 100Zr
101mY 1205.0(10) keV 870(90) ns IT 101Y 13/2−#
102Y 39 63 101.9343285(44) 360(40) ms β− (>97.4%) 102Zr (5−)
β−, n (<2.6%) 101Zr
102mY[n 9] 100(100)# keV 300(100) ms β− (>97.4%) 102Zr (0−,1−)
β−, n (<2.6%) 101Zr
IT? 102Y
103Y 39 64 102.937244(12) 239(12) ms β− (92.0%) 103Zr 5/2+#
β−, n (8.0%) 102Zr
104Y 39 65 103.94194(22)# 197(4) ms β− (66%) 104Zr (0+,1+)#
β−, n (34%) 103Zr
β−, 2n? 102Zr
105Y 39 66 104.94571(43)# 95(9) ms β− 105Zr 5/2+#
β−, n (<82%) 104Zr
β−, 2n? 103Zr
106Y 39 67 105.95084(54)# 75(6) ms β− 106Zr 2+#
β−, n? 105Zr
β−, 2n? 104Zr
107Y 39 68 106.95494(54)# 33.5(3) ms β− 107Zr 5/2+#
β−, n? 106Zr
β−, 2n? 105Zr
108Y 39 69 107.96052(64)# 30(5) ms β− 108Zr 6−#
β−, n? 107Zr
β−, 2n? 106Zr
109Y 39 70 108.96513(75)# 25(5) ms β− 109Zr 5/2+#
β−, n? 108Zr
β−, 2n? 107Zr
110Y[4] 39 71
111Y[4] 39 72
  1. ↑ mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  7. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  10. ↑ Measured mass is 77.944220(16) Da.[2]
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Fission product

See also

Daughter products other than yttrium

References

  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kimura, S.; Wada, M.; Fu, C. Y.; Fukuda, N.; Hirayama, Y.; Hou, D. S.; Iimura, S.; Ishiyama, H. et al. (8 October 2025). "Precision Mass Measurements around Mo 84 Rule Out ZrNb Cycle Formation in the Rapid Proton-Capture Process at Type I X-Ray Bursts". Physical Review Letters 135 (15). doi:10.1103/2dyn-q7wp. PMID 41138077. 
  3. ↑ Xing, Y. M.; Yuan, C. X.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhou, X. H.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Blaum, K.; Xu, H. S. et al. (11 January 2023). "Isochronous mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclei from Sn 112 projectile fragmentation". Physical Review C 107 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.107.014304. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sumikama, T. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C 103 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. Bibcode: 2021PhRvC.103a4614S. https://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. 

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