Astronomy:Gliese 414
| Observation data {{#ifeq:J2000|J2000.0 (ICRS)|Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)| Epoch J2000 [[Astronomy:Equinox (celestial coordinates)|Equinox J2000}} | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Ursa Major[note 1] |
| GJ 414 A[1] | |
| Right ascension | 11h 11m 05.17s |
| Declination | +30° 26′ 45.7″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | |
| GJ 414 B[2] | |
| Right ascension | 11h 11m 02.54s |
| Declination | +30° 26′ 41.3″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | |
| Characteristics | |
| GJ 414 A | |
| Spectral type | K7V[1] |
| B−V color index | 1.255[3] |
| Variable type | None |
| GJ 414 B | |
| Spectral type | M2V[2] |
| B−V color index | 2.41±0.34[3] |
| Variable type | None |
| Astrometry | |
| GJ 414 A | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −16.63 [1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 591.622±0.0812[4] mas/yr Dec.: −197.247±0.0911[4] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 84.1766[1] mas |
| Distance | 38.76±0.22 ly (11.889±0.067 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 8.864±0.012[3] |
| GJ 414 B | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −15.34[2] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 604.831±0.0806 mas/yr Dec.: −206.442±0.0751 mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 84.1554[2] mas |
| Distance | 38.7±0.00269 ly (11.8728±0.00825[4] pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 10[2] |
| Details[3] | |
| GJ 414 A | |
| Mass | 0.65±0.028 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.679±0.027 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.119±0.05 L☉ |
| Habitable zone inner limit | 0.37 astronomical unit|AU |
| Habitable zone outer limit | 0.70 AU |
| Temperature | 4120±70 K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.24±0.09 dex |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 3[5] km/s |
| Age | 12.4±5.2 Gyr |
| GJ 414 B | |
| Mass | 0.542±0.022 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.548±0.017 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.05 L☉ |
| Temperature | 3663±70 K |
| Age | 11.2±5.9 Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Position (relative to Gliese 414 A)[3] | |
| Component | Gliese 414 B |
| Angular distance | 34.34″ |
| Observed separation (projected) | 408 AU {{{projsepref}}} |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Gliese 414, also known as GJ 414, is a binary system made up of an orange dwarf and a red dwarf, located about 39 light years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major.[6][note 1] With an apparent magnitude of 8.31, it is not visible to the naked eye.[4][6] The primary component of the system has two known exoplanets.[7]
Characteristics
The main component of the system, Gliese 414 A, is a relatively active orange dwarf, about 68% the size of the Sun and 65% its mass.[3] Its age is estimated at 12.4 billion years, about two and a half times the age of the Solar System.[3] It is orbited by two known exoplanets, called Gliese 414 Ab and Gliese 414 Ac.
The secondary component, Gliese 414 B, is a red dwarf of type M2V, that is 55% the size of the Sun and 54% its mass.[3] Unlike its companion star, Gliese 414 B is not orbited by any known planets.[6]
The binary star system is located in the northern hemisphere, approximately 38.8 light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.[4][note 1] The closest star to the star system is CW Ursae Majoris, at a distance of 5.3 light-years.[6]
| Name | Distance (light-years) |
|---|---|
| CW Ursae Majoris | 5.3 |
| DS Leonis | 5.9 |
| 2MASS J10475+2124 | 7.8 |
| Gliese 1138 | 8.1 |
| Gliese 1134 | 8.3 |
Planetary system
The primary star, Gliese 414 A, is orbited by two exoplanets.[3] They were discovered in 2020 by analyzing radial velocity data from Keck's HIRES instrument and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory, as well as photometric data from KELT.[7][8]
The innermost planet, Gliese 414 Ab, orbits its star at an average distance of 0.24 astronomical units, making close to the optimistic habitable zone.[3] Its orbit is eccentric (e = 0.45), which causes the distance from its star to vary from 0.13 to 0.34 AU, and its equilibrium temperature is calculated at 36 °C.[3] With a minimum mass of 7.6 M⊕, it is likely to have a significant volatile-rich envelope, thus being a poor candidate for habitability.[3][8]
The outermost planet, Gliese 414 Ac, is a super-Neptune that orbits its star at a greater distance of 1.4 astronomical units, which makes it a frigid planet, having an equilibrium temperature of about -150 °C.[3] It is a good candidate for future direct imaging missions.[3][7][8]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | ≥7.6+2.44 −2.19 M⊕ |
0.24±0.01 | 50.817+0.031 −0.03 |
0.45+0.19 −0.22 |
— | 2.95+1.11 −0.91 R⊕ |
| c | ≥56.27+10.43 −9.91 M⊕ |
1.43±0.06 | 748.3+1.3 −1.2 |
0.105+0.110 −0.703 |
— | 8.78+4.03 −2.66 R⊕ |
See also
- List of star systems within 35–40 light-years
- Ursa Major
- Sub-Neptune
- Super-Neptune
- List of coolest exoplanets
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "HD 97101". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=HD%2097101.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "HD 97101B". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=HD%2097101B.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A. et al. (2021-02-01). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gliese 414 A". The Astronomical Journal 161 (2): 86. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161...86D.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Gliese 414 Overview". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/GJ%20414.
- ↑ Nordström, B.; Mayor, M.; Andersen, J.; Holmberg, J.; Pont, F.; Jørgensen, B. R.; Olsen, E. H.; Udry, S. et al. (2004-05-01). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ∼14 000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics 418: 989–1019. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2004A&A...418..989N. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004A&A...418..989N.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "★ Gliese 414" (in en). https://www.stellarcatalog.com/stars/gliese-414-a.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Open Exoplanet Catalogue - Gliese 414 Ab". https://www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com/planet/GJ%20414%20A%20b/.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Anderson, Natali (2020-09-21). "Astronomers Find Two Massive Exoplanets in Nearby Binary System | Astronomy | Sci-News.com" (in en-US). https://www.sci.news/astronomy/two-massive-exoplanets-nearby-binary-system-08870.html.
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