Biology:Morbillivirus

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Short description: Genus of viruses


Morbillivirus
"Morbillivirus hominis" electron micrograph
Morbillivirus hominis electron micrograph
Virus classification e
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily: Orthoparamyxovirinae
Genus: Morbillivirus
Species
  • Morbillivirus canis
  • Morbillivirus caprinae
  • Morbillivirus ceti
  • Morbillivirus felis
  • Morbillivirus hominis
  • †Morbillivirus pecoris
  • Morbillivirus phocae

Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae.[1][2] Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus includes six species, with a seventh species being extinct. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection and Canine distemper.[3] In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin population was attributed to morbillivirus.[4]

Genus

Genus Morbillivirus: species and their viruses[5]
Genus Species Virus (Abbreviation)
Morbillivirus Morbillivirus canis Canine distemper virus (CDV)
Morbillivirus caprinae Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV)
Morbillivirus ceti Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV)
Morbillivirus felis Feline morbillivirus (FeMV)
Morbillivirus hominis Measles virus (MeV)
†Morbillivirus pecoris Rinderpest virus (RPV)
Morbillivirus phocae Phocine distemper virus (PDV)

Structure

Schematic diagram of a Morbillivirus virion (cross section)

Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15–16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins.[2][3]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Morbillivirus Spherical Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Morbillivirus genome map

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, cattle, dogs, cats, and cetaceans serve as the natural hosts. Infection from this virus takes place in five stages: incubation, prodromal, mucosal, diarrheic, and convalescent.[6][7] Transmission routes are respiratory.[2][3][8][9][10] Morbillivirus are sensitive to high temperatures, sunlight, extreme pH levels, and any chemical that can destroy its outer envelope.[11]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Morbillivirus Humans, dogs, cats, cetaceans None Glycoprotein Budding Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Aerosols

References

  1. ↑ "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae". The Journal of General Virology 100 (12): 1593–1594. December 2019. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001328. PMID 31609197. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Family: Paramyxoviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). http://www.ictv.global/report/paramyxoviridae. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Morbillivirus". Viral Zone. ExPASy. http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/86.html. 
  4. ↑ "Virus causing Atlantic dolphin die-off" (in en). The Daily Times: p. T11. November 19, 2014. https://www.newspapers.com/image/111828985/. 
  5. ↑ "Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)". The Journal of General Virology 104 (8): 001864. August 2023. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001864. PMID 37622664. 
  6. ↑ Conceicao, Carina; Bailey, Dalan (2021-01-01), Bamford, Dennis H.; Zuckerman, Mark, eds., Animal Morbilliviruses (Paramyxoviridae), Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 68–78, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.20938-2, ISBN 978-0-12-814516-6, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096338209382, retrieved 2024-01-07 
  7. ↑ Libbey, Jane E.; Fujinami, Robert S. (2023-07-01). "Morbillivirus: A highly adaptable viral genus". Heliyon 9 (7): e18095. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18095. ISSN 2405-8440. PMID 37483821. PMC 10362132. Bibcode: 2023Heliy...918095L. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18095. 
  8. ↑ Haas, L.; Barrett, T. (1996-01-12). "Rinderpest and Other Animal Morbillivirus Infections: Comparative Aspects and Recent Developments" (in en). Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 43 (1–10): 411–420. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00333.x. PMID 8885706. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00333.x. 
  9. ↑ De Vries, Rory D.; Duprex, W. Paul; De Swart, Rik L. (2015-02-03). "Morbillivirus Infections: An Introduction" (in en). Viruses 7 (2): 699–706. doi:10.3390/v7020699. ISSN 1999-4915. PMID 25685949. 
  10. ↑ Barrett, Thomas; Banyard, Ashley C.; Diallo, Adama (2006-01-01), Barrett, Thomas; Pastoret, Paul-Pierre; Taylor, William P., eds., "3 - Molecular biology of the morbilliviruses", Rinderpest and Peste des Petits Ruminants, Biology of Animal Infections (Oxford: Academic Press): pp. 31–IV, doi:10.1016/b978-012088385-1/50033-2, ISBN 978-0-12-088385-1, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780120883851500332, retrieved 2024-01-07 
  11. ↑ Barrett, T.; Rossiter, P. B. (1999-01-01), Margniorosch, Karl; Murphy, Frederick A.; Shatkin, Aaron J., eds., Rinderpest: The Disease and Its Impact on Humans and Animals, Advances in Virus Research, 53, Academic Press, pp. 89–110, doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60344-9, ISBN 978-0-12-039853-9, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065352708603449, retrieved 2024-01-07 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q1947278 entry



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