Chemistry:Dihydrostreptomycin
Dihydrostreptomycin is semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties.[1] It is the dihydro derivative of streptomycin, and was formerly used in the treatment of tuberculosis.[2]
It acts by irreversibly binding the S12 protein in the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, after being actively transported across the cell membrane, which interferes with the initiation complex between the mRNA and the bacterial ribosome. This leads to the synthesis of defective, nonfunctional proteins, which results in the bacterial cell's death.[2]
Dihydrostreptomycin is more ototoxic than streptomycin with a significantly higher risk of causing irreversible hearing loss, since streptomycin primarily affects vestibular system while dihydrostreptomycin primarily affects the cochlea.[3][4] This lead to it being gradully pulled from market from 1959 and fully withdrawn from human use globally in 1970s.[5][6] It remains a commonly used veterinary drug (usually in combination with penicillin G as an alternative to streptomycin) and agricultural bactericide.[7][8]
References
- ↑ "Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate - MeSH - NCBI". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004096.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dihydrostreptomycin (Code C61724) - NCI Thesaurus". https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C61724.
- ↑ "Ototoxicity of dihydrostreptomycin". Quarterly Bulletin. Northwestern University 28 (3): 271–273. 1954. PMID 13186082.
- ↑ "Aspirin attenuates gentamicin ototoxicity: from the laboratory to the clinic". Hearing Research 226 (1–2): 178–182. April 2007. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.008. PMID 16844331.
- ↑ "Ototoxic Antibiotics". California Medicine 94 (6): 363–365. June 1961. PMID 18732406.
- ↑ "Evaluation of the Characteristics of Safety Withdrawal of Prescription Drugs from Worldwide Pharmaceutical Markets-1960 to 1999". Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 35 (1): 293–317. 1 January 2001. doi:10.1177/009286150103500134.
- ↑ "Dihydrostreptomycin or streptomycin in combination with penicillin G in dairy cattle therapeutics: a review and re-analysis of published data. Part 1: clinical pharmacology". New Zealand Veterinary Journal 45 (5): 178–184. October 1997. doi:10.1080/00480169.1997.36022. PMID 16031982.
- ↑ "Veterinary Drug Residues in the Food Chain as an Emerging Public Health Threat: Sources, Analytical Methods, Health Impacts, and Preventive Measures". Foods 13 (11): 1629. May 2024. doi:10.3390/foods13111629. PMID 38890858.
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