Chemistry:Dihydrostreptomycin
Dihydrostreptomycin is semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties.[1] It is the dihydro derivative of streptomycin, and was formerly used in the treatment of tuberculosis.[2]
It acts by irreversibly binding the S12 protein in the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, after being actively transported across the cell membrane, which interferes with the initiation complex between the mRNA and the bacterial ribosome. This leads to the synthesis of defective, nonfunctional proteins, which results in the bacterial cell's death.[2]
Dihydrostreptomycin is more ototoxic than streptomycin with a significantly higher risk of causing irreversible hearing loss, since streptomycin primarily affects vestibular system while dihydrostreptomycin primarily affects the cochlea.[3][4] This lead to it being gradully pulled from market from 1959 and fully withdrawn from human use globally in 1970s.[5][6] It remains a commonly used veterinary drug and agricultural bactericide.[7]
References
- ↑ "Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate - MeSH - NCBI". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004096.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dihydrostreptomycin (Code C61724) - NCI Thesaurus". https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C61724.
- ↑ "Ototoxicity of dihydrostreptomycin". Quarterly Bulletin. Northwestern University 28 (3): 271–273. 1954. PMID 13186082.
- ↑ Chen, Yang; Huang, Wei-Guo; Zha, Ding-Jun; Qiu, Jian-Hua; Wang, Jin-Ling; Sha, Su-Hua; Schacht, Jochen (2007). "Aspirin attenuates gentamicin ototoxicity: From the laboratory to the clinic". Hearing Research 226 (1-2): 178–182. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.008. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378595506001286. Retrieved 2026-03-19.
- ↑ Sheehy, J. L. (1961). "OTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS". California Medicine 94 (6): 363–365. ISSN 0008-1264. PMID 18732406. PMC 1574403. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18732406. Retrieved 2026-03-19.
- ↑ Fung, M.; Thornton, A.; Mybeck, K.; Wu, J. H.-h.; Hornbuckle, K.; Muniz, E. (1 January 2001). "Evaluation of the Characteristics of Safety Withdrawal of Prescription Drugs from Worldwide Pharmaceutical Markets-1960 to 1999". Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 35 (1): 293–317. doi:10.1177/009286150103500134.
- ↑ Khalifa, Hazim O.; Shikoray, Lamek; Mohamed, Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim; Habib, Ihab; Matsumoto, Tetsuya (2024-05-23). "Veterinary Drug Residues in the Food Chain as an Emerging Public Health Threat: Sources, Analytical Methods, Health Impacts, and Preventive Measures". Foods 13 (11): 1629. doi:10.3390/foods13111629. ISSN 2304-8158. PMID 38890858.
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