Chemistry:Periodic table (electron configurations)

From HandWiki
Electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in the ground state

1s:

 1
H

1

 2
He

2

[He]
+
2s:
2p:

 3
Li

1
-

 4
Be

2
-

 5
B

2
1

 6
C

2
2

 7
N

2
3

 8
O

2
4

 9
F

2
5

 10
Ne

2
6

[Ne]
+
3s:
3p:

 11
Na

1
-

 12
Mg

2
-

 13
Al

2
1

 14
Si

2
2

 15
P

2
3

 16
S

2
4

 17
Cl

2
5

 18
Ar

2
6

[Ar]
+
4s:
3d:
4p:

 19
K

1
-
-

 20
Ca

2
-
-

 21
Sc

2
1
-

 22
Ti

2
2
-

 23
V

2
3
-

 24
Cr

1
5
-

 25
Mn

2
5
-

 26
Fe

2
6
-

 27
Co

2
7
-

 28
Ni

2
8
-

 29
Cu

1
10
-

 30
Zn

2
10
-

 31
Ga

2
10
1

 32
Ge

2
10
2

 33
As

2
10
3

 34
Se

2
10
4

 35
Br

2
10
5

 36
Kr

2
10
6

[Kr]
+
5s:
4d:
5p:

 37
Rb

1
-
-

 38
Sr

2
-
-

 39
Y

2
1
-

 40
Zr

2
2
-

 41
Nb

1
4
-

 42
Mo

1
5
-

 43
Tc

2
5
-

 44
Ru

1
7
-

 45
Rh

1
8
-

 46
Pd

-
10
-

 47
Ag

1
10
-

 48
Cd

2
10
-

 49
In

2
10
1

 50
Sn

2
10
2

 51
Sb

2
10
3

 52
Te

2
10
4

 53
I

2
10
5

 54
Xe

2
10
6

[Xe]
+
6s:
4f:
5d:
6p:

 55
Cs

1
-
-
-

 56
Ba

2
-
-
-

 57
La

2
-
1
-

 58
Ce

2
1
1
-

 59
Pr

2
3
-
-

 60
Nd

2
4
-
-

 61
Pm

2
5
-
-

 62
Sm

2
6
-
-

 63
Eu

2
7
-
-

 64
Gd

2
7
1
-

 65
Tb

2
9
-
-

 66
Dy

2
10
-
-

 67
Ho

2
11
-
-

 68
Er

2
12
-
-

 69
Tm

2
13
-
-

 70
Yb

2
14
-
-

 71
Lu

2
14
1
-

 72
Hf

2
14
2
-

 73
Ta

2
14
3
-

 74
W

2
14
4
-

 75
Re

2
14
5
-

 76
Os

2
14
6
-

 77
Ir

2
14
7
-

 78
Pt

1
14
9
-

 79
Au

1
14
10
-

 80
Hg

2
14
10
-

 81
Tl

2
14
10
1

 82
Pb

2
14
10
2

 83
Bi

2
14
10
3

 84
Po

2
14
10
4

 85
At

2
14
10
5

 86
Rn

2
14
10
6

[Rn]
+
7s:
5f:
6d:
7p:

 87
Fr

1
-
-
-

 88
Ra

2
-
-
-

 89
Ac

2
-
1
-

 90
Th

2
-
2
-

 91
Pa

2
2
1
-

 92
U

2
3
1
-

 93
Np

2
4
1
-

 94
Pu

2
6
-
-

 95
Am

2
7
-
-

 96
Cm

2
7
1
-

 97
Bk

2
9
-
-

 98
Cf

2
10
-
-

 99
Es

2
11
-
-

 100
Fm

2
12
-
-

 101
Md

2
13
-
-

 102
No

2
14
-
-

 103
Lr

2
14
-
1

 104
Rf

2
14
2
-

 105
Db

2
14
3
-

 106
Sg

2
14
4
-

 107
Bh

2
14
5
-

 108
Hs

2
14
6
-

 109
Mt

2
14
7
-

 110
Ds

2
14
8
-

 111
Rg

2
14
9
-

 112
Cn

2
14
10
-

 113
Nh

2
14
10
1

 114
Fl

2
14
10
2

 115
Mc

2
14
10
3

 116
Lv

2
14
10
4

 117
Ts

2
14
10
5

 118
Og

2
14
10
6

  • Configurations of elements 109 and above are not available. Predictions from reliable sources have been used for these elements.
  • Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum.
  • Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are:
He, 2, helium : 1s2
Ne, 10, neon : 1s2 2s2 2p6
Ar, 18, argon : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Kr, 36, krypton : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
Xe, 54, xenon : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6
Rn, 86, radon : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
Og, 118, oganesson : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6
  • Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the small irregularities that arise in the d- and f-blocks are quite irrelevant chemically.[1] The construction of the periodic table ignores these irregularities and is based on ideal electron configurations.[2]
  • Note the non-linear shell ordering, which comes about due to the different energies of smaller and larger shells.

References

See list of sources at Electron configurations of the elements (data page).

  1. ↑ Jørgensen, Christian K. (1988). "Influence of rare earths on chemical understanding and classification". Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. 11. pp. 197–292. doi:10.1016/S0168-1273(88)11007-6. ISBN 9780444870803. 
  2. ↑ Jensen, William B. (2009). "Misapplying the Periodic Law". Journal of Chemical Education 86 (10): 1186. doi:10.1021/ed086p1186. Bibcode: 2009JChEd..86.1186J. http://www.che.uc.edu/jensen/W.%20B.%20Jensen/Reprints/170.%20Misapplying%20the%20Periodic%20Law.pdf. Retrieved 16 May 2020. 



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