Medicine:Myalgia

From HandWiki

Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no injury.

Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome.

Causes

The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, and strain. Myalgia might also be caused by allergies, diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive physical activities.

Muscle pain is also a common symptom in a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, such as influenza, muscle abscesses, Lyme disease, malaria, trichinosis or poliomyelitis;[1] autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome or polymyositis;[1][2] and gastrointestinal diseases, such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (which can also occur without digestive symptoms) and inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis).[3]

The most common causes are: [4][5][6]

  • Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
  • Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
  • Chronic tension

Muscle pain occurs with:

Overuse

Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often.[10] One example is repetitive strain injury.

Injury

The most common causes of myalgia by injury are sprains and strains.[10]

Autoimmune

Metabolic defect

Other

Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs

Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids[12], opioids[13], barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia.

Treatment

When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs, massage, cryotherapy and muscle relaxants.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Dolores musculares: MedlinePlus enciclopedia médica" (in es). https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003178.htm. 
  2. ↑ Vitali, Claudio; Del Papa, Nicoletta (February 2015). "Pain in primary Sjögren's syndrome". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology 29 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2015.05.002. ISSN 1532-1770. PMID 26267000. 
  3. ↑ Tovoli, Francesco (2015). "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders" (in en). World Journal of Clinical Cases 3 (3): 275–284. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. ISSN 2307-8960. PMID 25789300. 
  4. ↑ "Muscle Pain - Causes". https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/muscle-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050866. 
  5. ↑ "Muscle aches". https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003178.htm. 
  6. ↑ "Understanding Myalgia: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention". 8 September 2023. https://posm.org/understanding-myalgia-causes-treatments-and-prevention/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction. Taylor & Francis. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8247-5826-4. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Wylie KR, ed (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-118-66556-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=oH64CAAAQBAJ&q=Post-orgasmic+illness+syndrome&pg=PA75. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Postorgasmic illness syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). National Institutes of Health. 2015. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/10809/postorgasmic-illness-syndrome/resources/1. Retrieved 30 July 2015. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Muscle aches: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003178.htm. 
  11. ↑ Glueck, CharlesJ; Conrad, Brandon (2013). "Severe vitamin D deficiency, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis". North American Journal of Medical Sciences 5 (8): 494–495. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.117325. ISSN 1947-2714. PMID 24083227. 
  12. ↑ Margolin, Leon; Cope, Doris K.; Bakst-Sisser, Rachel; Greenspan, Joshua (2007-02-01). "The Steroid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review of the Implications, Etiology, and Treatments" (in English). Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 33 (2): 224–228. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.08.013. ISSN 0885-3924. PMID 17280928. https://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(06)00718-4/fulltext. 
  13. ↑ Lerner, Alicja; Klein, Michael (2019-01-01). "Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development". Brain Communications 1 (1). doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz025. ISSN 2632-1297. 
  14. ↑ Shmerling, Robert H (February 27, 2024). "Approach to the patient with myalgia". https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-myalgia. 
Classification
External resources

Template:Myopathy



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