Physics:Isotopes of terbium

Main isotopes of Chemistry:terbium (₆₅Tb)
β−	158Dy
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Tb)	158.92535(2);
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Naturally occurring terbium (₆₅Tb) is composed of one stable isotope, ¹⁵⁹Tb. Thirty-seven radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁵⁸Tb with a half-life of 180 years, ¹⁵⁷Tb with a half-life of 71 years, and ¹⁶⁰Tb with a half-life of 72.3 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than one week, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 24 seconds. This element also has 27 meta states, with the most stable being ^156m2Tb (t_1/2 = 24.4 hours), ^154m2Tb (t_1/2 = 22.7 hours) and ^154m1Tb (t_1/2 = 21.5 hours).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁵⁹Tb, is electron capture to gadolinium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta decay to dysprosium isotopes.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (u) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion	Range of variation
¹³⁵Tb	65	70	134.96452(43)#	1.01(28) ms	p	¹³⁴Gd	(7/2−)
¹³⁶Tb^[2]	65	71	135.96146(54)#	200# ms [>310 ns]			5−#
¹³⁷Tb^[2]	65	72	136.95602(43)#	600# ms [>310 ns]			3/2+#
¹³⁸Tb^[2]	65	73	137.95319(32)#	800# ms [>310 ns]			2+#
¹³⁹Tb	65	74	138.94833(32)#	1.6(2) s	β⁺	¹³⁹Gd	5/2−#
¹⁴⁰Tb	65	75	139.94581(86)	2.29(15) s	β⁺ (99.74%)	¹⁴⁰Gd	(7+)
					EC (<3%)	¹⁴⁰Gd
					β⁺, p (0.26%)	¹³⁹Eu
¹⁴¹Tb	65	76	140.94145(11)	3.5(2) s	β⁺	¹⁴¹Gd	(5/2−)
^141mTb^{[n 9]}^{[n 10]}	0(200)# keV			7.9(6) s	β⁺	¹⁴¹Gd	11/2−#
¹⁴²Tb	65	77	141.93928(75)	597(17) ms	β⁺ (96.8%)	¹⁴²Gd	1+
					EC (3.2%)	¹⁴²Gd
					β⁺, p (0.0022%)	¹⁴¹Eu
^142m1Tb	279.7(4) keV			303(17) ms	IT	¹⁴²Tb	5−
^142m2Tb	652.1(6) keV			26(1) μs	IT	¹⁴²Tb	8+
¹⁴³Tb	65	78	142.935137(55)	12(1) s	β⁺	¹⁴³Gd	(11/2−)
^143mTb^{[n 9]}	0(100)# keV			17(4) s			5/2+#
¹⁴⁴Tb	65	79	143.933045(30)	~1 s	β⁺	¹⁴⁴Gd	1+
^144m1Tb	396.9(5) keV			4.25(15) s	IT (66%)	¹⁴⁴Tb	6−
^144m1Tb	396.9(5) keV			4.25(15) s	β⁺ (34%)	¹⁴⁴Gd	6−
^144m2Tb	476.2(5) keV			2.8(3) μs	IT	¹⁴⁴Tb	(8−)
^144m3Tb	517.1(5) keV			670(60) ns	IT	¹⁴⁴Tb	(9+)
^144m4Tb	544.5(6) keV			<300 ns	IT	¹⁴⁴Tb	(10+)
¹⁴⁵Tb	65	80	144.92872(12)	30.9(6) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁵Gd	(11/2−)
^145mTb^{[n 9]}	860(230) keV						(3/2+)
¹⁴⁶Tb	65	81	145.927253(48)	8(4) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁶Gd	1+
^146m1Tb^{[n 9]}	150(100)# keV			24.1(5) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁶Gd	5−
^146m2Tb	930(100)# keV			1.18(2) ms	IT	¹⁴⁶Tb	10+
¹⁴⁷Tb	65	82	146.9240546(87)	1.64(3) h	β⁺	¹⁴⁷Gd	(1/2+)
^147mTb	50.6(9) keV			1.87(5) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁷Gd	(11/2−)
¹⁴⁸Tb	65	83	147.924275(13)	60(1) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁸Gd	2−
^148m1Tb	90.1(3) keV			2.20(5) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁸Gd	(9)+
^148m2Tb	8618.6(10) keV			1.310(7) μs	IT	¹⁴⁸Tb	(27+)
¹⁴⁹Tb	65	84	148.9232538(39)	4.118(25) h	β⁺ (83.3%)	¹⁴⁹Gd	1/2+
¹⁴⁹Tb	65	84	148.9232538(39)	4.118(25) h	α (16.7%)	¹⁴⁵Eu	1/2+
^149mTb	35.78(13) keV			4.16(4) min	β⁺ (99.98%)	¹⁴⁹Gd	11/2−
^149mTb	35.78(13) keV			4.16(4) min	α (0.022%)	¹⁴⁵Eu	11/2−
¹⁵⁰Tb	65	85	149.9236648(79)	3.48(16) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁰Gd	(2)−
^150mTb	461(27) keV			5.8(2) min	β⁺	¹⁵⁰Gd	9+
¹⁵¹Tb	65	86	150.9231090(44)	17.609(1) h	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁵¹Gd	1/2+
¹⁵¹Tb	65	86	150.9231090(44)	17.609(1) h	α (0.0095%)	¹⁴⁷Eu	1/2+
^151mTb	99.53(5) keV			25(3) s	IT (93.4%)	¹⁵¹Tb	11/2−
^151mTb	99.53(5) keV			25(3) s	β⁺ (6.6%)	¹⁵¹Gd	11/2−
¹⁵²Tb	65	87	151.924082(43)	17.8784(95) h^[3]	EC (83%)^[3]	¹⁵²Gd	2−
					β⁺ (17%)^[3]	¹⁵²Gd
					α (<7×10⁻⁷%)^[4]	¹⁴⁸Eu
^152m1Tb	342.15(16) keV			960(10) ns	IT	¹⁵²Tb	5−
^152m2Tb	501.74(19) keV			4.2(1) min	IT (78.9%)	¹⁵²Tb	8+
^152m2Tb	501.74(19) keV			4.2(1) min	β⁺ (21.1%)	¹⁵²Gd	8+
¹⁵³Tb	65	88	152.9234417(42)	2.34(1) d	β⁺	¹⁵³Gd	5/2+
^153mTb	163.175(5) keV			186(4) μs	IT	¹⁵³Tb	11/2−
¹⁵⁴Tb	65	89	153.924684(49)	9.994(39) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Gd	3−
^154m1Tb^{[n 9]}	130(50)# keV			21.5(4) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Gd	0−
^154m2Tb^{[n 9]}	200(150)# keV			22.7(5) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Gd	7−
^154m3Tb	405(150)# keV			513(42) ns	IT	¹⁵⁴Tb
¹⁵⁵Tb	65	90	154.923510(11)	5.2346(36) d^[5]	EC	¹⁵⁵Gd	3/2+
¹⁵⁶Tb	65	91	155.9247542(40)	5.35(10) d	β⁺	¹⁵⁶Gd	3−
^156m1Tb	88.4(2) keV			5.3(2) h	IT	¹⁵⁶Tb	(0+)
^156m2Tb	100(50)# keV			24.4(10) h	IT	¹⁵⁶Tb	(7−)
¹⁵⁷Tb	65	92	156.9240319(11)	71(7) y	EC	¹⁵⁷Gd	3/2+
¹⁵⁸Tb	65	93	157.9254199(14)	180(11) y	β⁺ (83.4%)	¹⁵⁸Gd	3−
¹⁵⁸Tb	65	93	157.9254199(14)	180(11) y	β⁻ (16.6%)	¹⁵⁸Dy	3−
^158m1Tb	110.3(12) keV			10.70(17) s	IT	¹⁵⁸Tb	0−
^158m2Tb	388.39(11) keV			0.40(4) ms	IT	¹⁵⁸Tb	7−
¹⁵⁹Tb^{[n 11]}	65	94	158.9253537(12)	Stable			3/2+	1.0000
¹⁶⁰Tb	65	95	159.9271746(12)	72.3(2) d	β⁻	¹⁶⁰Dy	3−
¹⁶¹Tb^{[n 11]}	65	96	160.9275768(13)	6.948(5) d	β⁻	¹⁶¹Dy	3/2+
¹⁶²Tb	65	97	161.9292754(22)	7.60(15) min	β⁻	¹⁶²Dy	(1−)
^162mTb	286(3) keV			10# min			4−#
¹⁶³Tb	65	98	162.9306536(44)	19.5(3) min	β⁻	¹⁶³Dy	3/2+
¹⁶⁴Tb	65	99	163.9333276(20)	3.0(1) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁴Dy	(5+)
^164mTb	145(12) keV			2# min			2+#
¹⁶⁵Tb	65	100	164.9349552(17)	2.11(10) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁵Dy	(3/2+)
^165mTb	207(5) keV			0.81(8) μs	IT	¹⁶⁵Tb	(7/2−)
¹⁶⁶Tb	65	101	165.9379397(16)	27.1(15) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁶Dy	(1−)
^166mTb	159.0(15) keV			3.5(4) μs	IT	¹⁶⁶Tb	4−#
¹⁶⁷Tb	65	102	166.9400070(21)	18.9(16) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁷Dy	(3/2+)
^167mTb	200(6) keV			1.2(1) μs	IT	¹⁶⁷Tb	(7/2−)
¹⁶⁸Tb	65	103	167.9433371(45)	9.4(4) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁸Dy	(4−)
^168mTb	211(1) keV			0.71(3) μs	IT	¹⁶⁸Tb	(6+)
¹⁶⁹Tb	65	104	168.94581(32)#	5.13(32) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁹Dy	3/2+#
¹⁷⁰Tb	65	105	169.94986(32)#	960(78) ms	β⁻	¹⁷⁰Dy	2−#
¹⁷¹Tb	65	106	170.95301(43)#	1.23(10) s	β⁻	¹⁷¹Dy	3/2+#
¹⁷²Tb	65	107	171.95739(54)#	760(190) ms	β⁻	¹⁷²Dy	6+#
¹⁷³Tb	65	108	172.96081(54)#	400# ms [>550 ns]			3/2+#
¹⁷⁴Tb	65	109	173.96568(54)#	240# ms [>550 ns]			2−#
¹⁷⁵Tb^[6]	65	110

↑ ^mTb – Excited nuclear isomer.
↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
↑ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 ^9.5 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
↑ Discovery of this isotope is disputed.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Fission product

References

↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Suzuki, H; Fukuda, N; Takeda, H; Shimizu, Y; Yoshimoto, M; Togano, Y; Sato, H; Kitamura, N et al. (3 February 2026). "Discovery of Proton-Rich Radioactive Isotopes in the Z = 63–70 Region Produced by the Projectile Fragmentation of a 345-MeV/Nucleon 238U Beam". Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2026 (2). doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaf190.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Collins, S.M.; Köster, U.; Robinson, A.P.; Ivanov, P.; Cocolios, T.E.; Russell, B.; Fenwick, A.J.; Bernerd, C. et al. (2023). "Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity". Applied Radiation and Isotopes (Elsevier BV) 202. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044. ISSN 0969-8043. PMID 37797447. Bibcode: 2023AppRI.20211044C.
↑ "Adopted Levels for ¹⁵²Tb". NNDC Chart of Nuclides. https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdataset.jsp?nucleus=152Tb&unc=NDS.
↑ Collins, S.M.; Robinson, A.P.; Ivanov, P.; Köster, U.; Cocolios, T.E.; Russell, B.; Webster, B.; Fenwick, A.J. et al. (2022). "Half-life determination of 155Tb from mass-separated samples produced at CERN-MEDICIS". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 190. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110480. PMID 36209648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110480.
↑ Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Fukuda, Naoki; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Inabe, Naohito; Kameda, Daisuke; Ahn, Deuk Soon et al. (15 February 2026). "Expanding the Isotopic Frontier: Seven New Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes Observed at RIKEN RI Beam Factory". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 95 (2). doi:10.7566/JPSJ.95.024202.

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[2] Tb – Excited nuclear isomer.

[3] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-4] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-5] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[6] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[7] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[8] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[9] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-11] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 ^9.5 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[disputed-12] Discovery of this isotope is disputed.

[FP-16] 11.0 ^11.1 Fission product

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[suzuki2026-10] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Suzuki, H; Fukuda, N; Takeda, H; Shimizu, Y; Yoshimoto, M; Togano, Y; Sato, H; Kitamura, N et al. (3 February 2026). "Discovery of Proton-Rich Radioactive Isotopes in the Z = 63–70 Region Produced by the Projectile Fragmentation of a 345-MeV/Nucleon 238U Beam". Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2026 (2). doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaf190.

[152tb-13] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Collins, S.M.; Köster, U.; Robinson, A.P.; Ivanov, P.; Cocolios, T.E.; Russell, B.; Fenwick, A.J.; Bernerd, C. et al. (2023). "Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity". Applied Radiation and Isotopes (Elsevier BV) 202. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044. ISSN 0969-8043. PMID 37797447. Bibcode: 2023AppRI.20211044C.

[14] "Adopted Levels for ¹⁵²Tb". NNDC Chart of Nuclides. https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdataset.jsp?nucleus=152Tb&unc=NDS.

[15] Collins, S.M.; Robinson, A.P.; Ivanov, P.; Köster, U.; Cocolios, T.E.; Russell, B.; Webster, B.; Fenwick, A.J. et al. (2022). "Half-life determination of 155Tb from mass-separated samples produced at CERN-MEDICIS". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 190. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110480. PMID 36209648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110480.

[sumikama2026-17] Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Fukuda, Naoki; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Inabe, Naohito; Kameda, Daisuke; Ahn, Deuk Soon et al. (15 February 2026). "Expanding the Isotopic Frontier: Seven New Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes Observed at RIKEN RI Beam Factory". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 95 (2). doi:10.7566/JPSJ.95.024202.

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