Biology:CXCL2
 Generic protein structure example |
| chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CXCL2 |
| Alt. symbols | SCYB2, GRO2, GROb, MIP-2a, MGSA-b, CINC-2a |
| NCBI gene | 2920 |
| HGNC | 4603 |
| OMIM | 139110 |
| RefSeq | NM_002089 |
| UniProt | P19875 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 4 q21 |
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. This chemokine is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells.[1][2][3] The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.[4] CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2.[3]
CXCL2, like related chemokines, is also a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis.[5] A study was published in 2013 testing the role of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL1 in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) migration which plays a significant role in asthma. The results of this study showed that CXCL2 and CXCL3 both help with the mediation of normal and asthmatic ASMC migration through different mechanisms.[5]
Clinical development
CXCL2 in combination with the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood.[6]
This rapid peripheral blood stem cell mobilization regimen entered Phase 2 clinical trials in 2021[7][8] in development by Magenta Therapeutics[9] as a new method to collect stem cells for bone marrow transplantation.
References
- ↑ "Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (2): 612–6. January 1989. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.2.612. PMID 2643119. Bibcode: 1989PNAS...86..612W.
- ↑ "Cloning and sequencing of a new gro transcript from activated human monocytes: expression in leukocytes and wound tissue". Molecular and Cellular Biology 10 (10): 5596–9. October 1990. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.10.5596. PMID 2078213.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties". Experimental Hematology 34 (8): 1010–20. August 2006. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2006.04.004. PMID 16863907.
- ↑ "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 84 (1–2): 39–42. 1999. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration". Journal of Immunology 191 (5): 2731–41. September 2013. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203421. PMID 23904157.
- ↑ "Rapid Mobilization Reveals a Highly Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cell". Cell 172 (1–2): 191–204.e10. January 2018. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003. PMID 29224778. PMC 5812290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003.
- ↑ Clinical trial number NCT04762875 for "A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor for the Mobilization and Transplantation of HLA-Matched Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Recipients With Hematological Malignancies" at ClinicalTrials.gov
- ↑ Clinical trial number NCT04552743 for "Phase II Study of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor in the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Multiple Myeloma" at ClinicalTrials.gov
- ↑ "Magenta Therapeutics Announces Additional Preliminary Positive Results from Ongoing Phase 2 Clinical Trial of MGTA-145 and Plerixafor in Patients with Multiple Myeloma at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting – Magenta Therapeutics" (in en). https://investor.magentatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/magenta-therapeutics-announces-additional-preliminary-positive/.
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