Biology:CXCL5
 Generic protein structure example |
C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5 or ENA78) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL5 gene.[1][2]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha.[3] Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II interferon IFN-γ.[4] This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possessing angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2.[4] The gene for CXCL5 has four exons and is located on human chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes.[3][5] CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodelling.[4] CXCL5 has been also described to regulate neutrophil homeostasis.[6]
Clinical significance
CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a "potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in other inflammatory conditions like arthritis and cystitis.".[7] CXCL5 is well known to have chemotactic and activating functions on neutrophil, mainly during acute inflammatory responses. However CXCL5 expression is also higher in atherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory condition) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead CXCL5 has a protective role in atherosclerosis by directly controlling macrophage foam cell formation.[8]
References
- ↑ "Cloning and characterization of the human neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78) gene". J Biol Chem 269 (41): 25277–82. Nov 1994. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47243-2. PMID 7929219.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: CXCL5 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6374.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Cloning and characterization of the human neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78) gene". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (41): 25277–82. 1994. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47243-2. PMID 7929219.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Expression of the neutrophil-activating CXC chemokine ENA-78/CXCL5 by human eosinophils". Clin. Exp. Allergy 33 (4): 531–7. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01609.x. PMID 12680872.
- ↑ "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 84 (1–2): 39–42. 1999. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098.
- ↑ "Cxcr2 and Cxcl5 regulate the IL-17/G-CSF axis and neutrophil homeostasis in mice". Journal of Clinical Investigation 122 (3): 974–986. 2012. doi:10.1172/JCI60588. PMID 22326959.
- ↑ "CXCL5 Mediates UVB Irradiation-Induced Pain". Sci Transl Med 3 (90): 90ra60. July 2011. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002193. PMID 21734176.
- ↑ "CXCL5 limits macrophage foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.". Journal of Clinical Investigation 123 (3): 1343–7. 2013. doi:10.1172/JCI66580. PMID 23376791.
External links
- Human CXCL5 genome location and CXCL5 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- "A novel inflammatory pathway involved in leukocyte recruitment: role for the kinin B1 receptor and the chemokine CXCL5". J. Immunol. 179 (7): 4849–56. 2007. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4849. PMID 17878384.
- "Regulation and function of the CXC chemokine ENA-78 in monocytes and its role in disease". J. Leukoc. Biol. 62 (5): 604–11. 1997. doi:10.1002/jlb.62.5.604. PMID 9365115.
- Regulation of the Immune Response by the Interaction of Chemokines and Proteases. Advances in Immunology. 81. 2004. pp. 1–44. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(03)81001-5. ISBN 978-0-12-022481-4.
- "Structure and neutrophil-activating properties of a novel inflammatory peptide (ENA-78) with homology to interleukin 8". J. Exp. Med. 174 (6): 1355–62. 1992. doi:10.1084/jem.174.6.1355. PMID 1744577.
- "Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the neutrophil-activating peptide ENA-78 from human platelets". Gene 151 (1–2): 333–4. 1995. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90682-3. PMID 7828901.
- "Characterization of the gene for human neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (1): 612–7. 1995. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2709. PMID 7999089.
- "Epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78: a novel chemotactic cytokine for neutrophils in arthritis". J. Clin. Invest. 94 (3): 1012–8. 1994. doi:10.1172/JCI117414. PMID 8083342.
- "Chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in human platelets". Cytokine 7 (6): 479–82. 1996. doi:10.1006/cyto.1995.0065. PMID 8580362.
- "The CXC chemokines growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha, GRObeta, GROgamma, neutrophil-activating peptide-2, and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 are potent agonists for the type B, but not the type A, human interleukin-8 receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (34): 20545–50. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.34.20545. PMID 8702798.
- "Enterocytes are the primary source of the chemokine ENA-78 in normal colon and ulcerative colitis". Am. J. Physiol. 273 (1 Pt 1): G75–82. 1997. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.1.G75. PMID 9252512.
- "Differential usage of the CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2 by interleukin-8, granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 and epithelial-cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78". Eur. J. Biochem. 255 (1): 67–73. 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2550067.x. PMID 9692902.
- "Persistent chlamydial envelope antigens in antibiotic-exposed infected cells trigger neutrophil chemotaxis". J. Infect. Dis. 179 (4): 954–66. 1999. doi:10.1086/314676. PMID 10068592.
- "Isolation of the CXC chemokines ENA-78, GRO alpha and GRO gamma from tumor cells and leukocytes reveals NH2-terminal heterogeneity. Functional comparison of different natural isoforms". Eur. J. Biochem. 260 (2): 421–9. 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00166.x. PMID 10095777.
- "Novel CXCR2-dependent liver regenerative qualities of ELR-containing CXC chemokines". FASEB J. 13 (12): 1565–74. 1999. doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.12.1565. PMID 10463948.
- "Differential ability of exogenous chemotactic agents to disrupt transendothelial migration of flowing neutrophils". J. Immunol. 164 (11): 5961–9. 2000. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5961. PMID 10820279.
- "Control of chemokine production at the blood–retina barrier". Immunology 101 (3): 426–33. 2000. doi:10.1046/j.0019-2805.2000.01105.x. PMID 11106948.
- "Localization of distal regulatory domains in the megakaryocyte-specific platelet basic protein/platelet factor 4 gene locus". Blood 98 (3): 610–7. 2001. doi:10.1182/blood.V98.3.610. PMID 11468158.
- "Chemokine-cytokine cross-talk. The ELR+ CXC chemokine LIX (CXCL5) amplifies a proinflammatory cytokine response via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-NF-kappa B pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (7): 4675–86. 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207006200. PMID 12468547.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
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