Astronomy:List of black holes

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This list of black holes (and stars considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including black holes of undetermined mass); some items in this list are galaxies or star clusters that are believed to be organized around a black hole. Messier and New General Catalogue designations are given where possible.

Supermassive black holes and candidates

Types

Intermediate-mass black holes and candidates

Stellar black holes and candidates

Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals

(As of February 2019), 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one neutron star merger has been observed (GW170817), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.

  • GW 150914

Multiple black hole systems

Binary black holes

  • EGSD2 J142033.66 525917.5 core black holes — galaxy hosting a dual AGN[22]
  • OJ 287 core black holes — a BL Lac object with a candidate binary supermassive black hole core system[23]
  • PG 1302-102 – the first binary-cored quasar — a pair of supermassive black holes at the core of this quasar[24][25]
  • SDSS J120136.02+300305.5 core black holes — a pair of supermassive black holes at the centre of this galaxy[26]

In addition, the signal of several binary black holes merging into a single black hole and in so doing producing gravitational waves have been observed by the LIGO instrument. These are listed above in the section Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals.

Trinary black holes

As of 2014, there are 5 triple black hole systems known.[27]

  • SDSS J150243.09+111557.3 (SDSS J1502+1115) core black holes — the three components are distant tertiary J1502P, and the close binary pair J1502S composed of J1502SE and J1502SW[27]
  • GOODS J123652.77+621354.7 core black holes of triple-clump galaxy[28]
  • 2MASX J10270057+1749001 (SDSS J1027+1749) core black holes[29]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Shemmer, O.; Netzer, H.; Maiolino, R.; Oliva, E.; Croom, S.; Corbett, E.; di Fabrizio, L. (2004). "Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei: I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship". The Astrophysical Journal 614 (2): 547–557. doi:10.1086/423607. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...614..547S. 
  2. ↑ Klesman, Alison (29 June 2017). "Astronomers spot a pair of orbiting supermassive black holes". Astronomy Magazine. http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/06/orbiting-smbhs. 
  3. ↑ Ghisellini, Gabriele; Foschini, Luigi; Volonteri, Marta; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo et al. (14 Jul 2009). "The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 399 (1): L24–L28. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x. Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.399L..24G.  17:53:24 GMT.
  4. ↑ Riechers, Dominik A.; Walter, Fabian; Carilli, Christopher L.; Lewis, Geraint F. (2009). "Imaging The Molecular Gas in a z = 3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0."3 Resolution: A Central, Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255". The Astrophysical Journal 690 (1): 463–485. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/463. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...690..463R. 
  5. ↑ Saturni, F. G.; Trevese, D.; Vagnetti, F.; Perna, M.; Dadina, M. (2016). "A multi-epoch spectroscopic study of the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255. II. Emission- and absorption-line variability time lags". Astronomy and Astrophysics 587: A43. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527152. Bibcode: 2016A&A...587A..43S. http://esoads.eso.org/abs/2016A%26A...587A..43S. 
  6. ↑ M87's satellite galaxy NGC 4486B, SEDS
  7. ↑ Romani, Roger W. (2006). "The Spectral Energy Distribution of the High-z Blazar Q0906+6930". The Astronomical Journal 132 (5): 1959–1963. doi:10.1086/508216. Bibcode: 2006AJ....132.1959R. 
  8. ↑ Nola Taylor Redd (March 5, 2014). "Monster Black Hole Spins at Half the Speed of Light". Space.com. http://www.space.com/24936-supermassive-black-hole-spin-quasar.html. Retrieved March 5, 2014. 
  9. ↑ Sakano, Masaaki; Imanishi, Kensuke; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Koyama, Katsuji; Maeda, Yoshitomo (1999). "Further Studies of 1E 1740.7−2942 with ASCA" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 520 (1): 316–323. doi:10.1086/307441. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...520..316S. 
  10. ↑ Foellmi, Cédric (2009). "What is the closest black hole to the Sun?". New Astronomy 14 (8): 674–691. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.04.003. Bibcode: 2009NewA...14..674F. 
  11. ↑ Burke, Mark J.; Raychaudhury, Somak; Kraft, Ralph P.; Brassington, Nicola J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Goodger, Joanna L.; Sivakoff, Gregory R.; Forman, William R. et al. (2012). "A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A". The Astrophysical Journal 749 (2): 112. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...749..112B. 
  12. ↑ Kreidberg, Laura; Bailyn, Charles D.; Farr, Will M.; Kalogera, Vicky (2012). "Mass Measurements of Black Holes in X-ray Transients: is There a Mass Gap?". The Astrophysical Journal 757 (36): 17pp. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/757/1/36. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...757...36K. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com. http://www.space.com/5191-smallest-black-hole.html. 
  14. ↑ Knapp, Alex (2012-02-22). "The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2012/02/22/the-smallest-known-black-hole-has-20-million-mile-per-hour-winds/. 
  15. ↑ NASA.gov, "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate", 2011.12.15 (accessed 2011.12.17)
  16. ↑ Liu, Jifeng (27 November 2019). "A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements". Nature 575 (7784): 618–621. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2. PMID 31776491. Bibcode: 2019Natur.575..618L. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1766-2. Retrieved 29 November 2019. 
  17. ↑ Chinese Academy of Science (27 November 2019). "Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole". EurekAlert!. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/caos-cao112519.php. 
  18. ↑ ScienceDaily, "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy", Oct. 18, 2007 (accessed 12-12-2009)
  19. ↑ Kailash Sahu (Jan 31, 2022). "An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal 933 (1): 83. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...933...83S. 
  20. ↑ Lam, Casey Y.; Lu, Jessica R.; Udalski, Andrzej; Bond, Ian; Bennett, David P.; Skowron, Jan; Mroz, Przemek; Poleski, Radek et al. (2022-05-31). "An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 933 (1): L23. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7442. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...933L..23L. 
  21. ↑ Gianopoulos, Andrea (2022-06-07). "Hubble Determines Mass of Isolated Black Hole Roaming Milky Way". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-determines-mass-of-isolated-black-hole-roaming-our-milky-way-galaxy. 
  22. ↑ Gerke, Brian F. et al. (6 April 2007). "The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN AT z p 0.7". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 660 (1): L23–L26. doi:10.1086/517968. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...660L..23G. 
  23. ↑ Valtonen, M. J.; Nilsson, K.; Sillanpää, A. et al. (2006). "The 2005 November Outburst in OJ 287 and the Binary Black Hole Model". The Astrophysical Journal 643 (1): L9–L12. doi:10.1086/505039. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...643L...9V. 
  24. ↑ Xaq Rzetelny (8 January 2015). "Supermassive black hole binary discovered". https://arstechnica.com/science/2015/01/supermassive-black-hole-binary-discovered/. 
  25. ↑ Matthew J. Graham; S. George Djorgovski; Daniel Stern; Eilat Glikman; Andrew J. Drake; Ashish A. Mahabal et al. (25 July 2014). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature 518 (7537): 74–76. 7 January 2015. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25561176. Bibcode: 2015Natur.518...74G. 
  26. ↑ ESA (25 April 2014). "Unique pair of hidden black holes discovered by XMM-Newton". Space Daily. http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Unique_pair_of_hidden_black_holes_discovered_by_XMM_Newton_999.html. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Deane, R. P.; Paragi, Z.; Jarvis, M. J.; Coriat, M.; Bernardi, G.; Fender, R. P. et al. (24 June 2014). "A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black hole system". Nature 511 (7507): 57–60. July 2014. doi:10.1038/nature13454. PMID 24990745. Bibcode: 2014Natur.511...57D. 
  28. ↑ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, Meg; Treister, Ezequiel; Simmons, Brooke; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Glikman, Eilat (29 November 2011). "Evidence for Three Accreting Black Holes in a Galaxy at z ~ 1.35: A Snapshot of Recently Formed Black Hole Seeds?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 743 (2): 6. December 2011. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/L37. L37. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...743L..37S. 
  29. ↑ Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A. (18 April 2011). "Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a Kiloparsec-scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 736 (1): L7–L11. July 2011. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/L7. L7. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...736L...7L. 

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