Biology:PLA2G4A

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4A gene.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca²⁺ levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles.

Interactions

PLA2G4A has been shown to interact with HTATIP.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been associated with multifocal stenosing ulceration of the small intestine.

Further reading

• "Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death". Neurotoxicology 19 (4–5): 683–688. 1998. PMID 9745929. 
• "Regulatory mechanism and physiological role of cytosolic phospholipase A2". Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 27 (8): 1168–1173. 2005. doi:10.1248/bpb.27.1168. PMID 15305015. 
• "The role of phospholipases A2 in schizophrenia". Molecular Psychiatry 11 (6): 547–556. 2006. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001819. PMID 16585943. 
• "Cytosolic phospholipase A2: biochemical properties and physiological roles". IUBMB Life 58 (5–6): 328–333. 2006. doi:10.1080/15216540600702289. PMID 16754327. 
• "Molecular cloning and expression of human Ca(2+)-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2". Journal of Biological Chemistry 266 (23): 14850–14853. 1991. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98550-9. PMID 1869522. 
• "A novel arachidonic acid-selective cytosolic PLA2 contains a Ca(2+)-dependent translocation domain with homology to PKC and GAP". Cell 65 (6): 1043–1051. 1991. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90556-E. PMID 1904318. 
• "Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene in human and rat: chromosomal localization and polymorphic markers". Genomics 26 (1): 138–141. 1995. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80093-2. PMID 7782073. 
• "Characterization of the promoter for the human 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene". Nucleic Acids Research 22 (23): 5093–5098. 1995. doi:10.1093/nar/22.23.5093. PMID 7800505. 
• "Identification of a 27 bp 5'-flanking region element responsible for the low level constitutive expression of the human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene". Nucleic Acids Research 23 (2): 293–301. 1995. doi:10.1093/nar/23.2.293. PMID 7862535. 
• "5'-flanking region surrounding a human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 205 (1): 6–11. 1995. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2621. PMID 7999086. 
• "Serine 228 is essential for catalytic activities of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2". Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (37): 23250–23254. 1994. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31645-9. PMID 8083230. 
• "cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase". Cell 72 (2): 269–78. 1993. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90666-E. PMID 8381049. 
• "Interferon-alpha-induced phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 is required for the formation of interferon-stimulated gene factor three". EMBO Journal 15 (7): 1566–1571. 1996. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00501.x. PMID 8612580. 
• "Identification of phosphorylation sites of human 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 expressed in insect cells and present in human monocytes". Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (12): 6987–6997. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.6987. PMID 8636128. 
• "Differential expression of type II, IV and cytosolic PLA2 messenger RNA in human intrauterine tissues at term". Molecular Human Reproduction 3 (6): 493–499. 1997. doi:10.1093/molehr/3.6.493. PMID 9239738. 
• "HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins induce phospholipase A2 activation in human and macaque lymphocytes". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 16 (1): 1–9. 1997. doi:10.1097/00042560-199709010-00001. PMID 9377118. 
• "Crystal structure of a calcium-phospholipid binding domain from cytosolic phospholipase A2". Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (3): 1596–1604. 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.3.1596. PMID 9430701. 
• "Identification of the phosphorylation sites of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in agonist-stimulated human platelets and HeLa cells". Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (8): 4449–4458. 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.8.4449. PMID 9468497.