Chemistry:Dequalinium
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| Trade names | Dequadin, SP Troche, Fluomizin, Vablys |
| Routes of administration | Topical oral; topical intravaginal |
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| Formula | C30H40N4 |
| Molar mass | 456.678 g·mol−1 |
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Dequalinium is a quaternary ammonium cation and bolaamphiphile commonly available as the dichloride salt. It is useful as an antiseptic and disinfectant. The bromide, iodide, acetate, and undecenoate salts are known as well. Dequalinium chloride is the active ingredient of several medications.
The dequalinium dication is symmetrical, containing two quaternary quinolinium units linked by an N-decylene chain.
Medical uses
Dequalinium chloride 0.25 mg is available as an over-the-counter throat lozenge under brand names such as Dequadin and SP Troche. Mouthwash and buccal sprays at 0.5 % concentration are also available.[1] In this form is it used to treat minor infections of the mouth and throat. It can help with tonsillitis but is not effective in cases of streptococci infections.[2]
The product is also available as a 10 mg prescription vaginal tablet for treating vaginal bacterial conditions (i.e. bacterial Vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis). Brand names include Fluomizin and Vablys.[1]
In Austria, dequalinium chloride is combined with bacitracin and diphenylpyraline in Eucillin "B", an antibiotic cream. This cream is the first dequalinium-containing product to enter Austria in 1967.[1]
Spectrum of activity
Dequalinium salts have broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity.[3] In OTC oral products containing a low concentration, the product is instead described as a bacteriostat.[citation needed]
Dequalinium salts may have antimalarial activities.[4]
Adverse effects
Dequalinium may cause skin necrosis "if administered on intertriginous skin areas under occlusive conditions".[4]
History
Dequalinium was first described by M Babbs and colleagues in 1956, as the first agent of the bisquaternary ammonium chemical class.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Dequalinium". DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB04209.
- ↑ "[Treatment of tonsillitis with dequalinium chloride]" (in de). Fortschritte der Medizin 95 (16): 1108–1110. April 1977. PMID 856702.
- ↑ "Use of locally delivered dequalinium chloride in the treatment of vaginal infections: a review". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 293 (3): 469–484. March 2016. doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3914-8. PMID 26506926.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Quaternary ammonium salts and their antimicrobial potential: targets or nonspecific interactions?". ChemMedChem 7 (1): 22–31. January 2012. doi:10.1002/cmdc.201100404. PMID 22113995.
- ↑ "Salts of decamethylene-bis-4-aminoquinaldinium (dequadin); a new antimicrobial agent". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8 (2): 110–119. February 1956. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1956.tb12138.x. PMID 13307403.
Further reading
- "Toxicity of the mitochondrial poison dequalinium chloride in a murine model system". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 82 (3): 231–235. March 1993. doi:10.1002/jps.2600820302. PMID 8450414.
External links
- International Mark - Fluomizin(804560)[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- Medinova Fluomizin
- Comparative Study of Efficacy of 10 mg Dequalinium Chloride (Fluomizin) in the Local Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
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