Chemistry:Thermal expansivities of the elements

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Thermal expansion

μm · m−1 · K−1
3 Li lithium
use 46
CRC 46
LNG 46
WEL 46
4 Be beryllium
use 11.3
CRC 11.3
LNG 11.3
WEL 11.3
5 B boron
use 5–7
LNG 5–7
WEL 6
6 C carbon
use
WEL 7.1
11 Na sodium
use 71
CRC 71
LNG 71
WEL 71
12 Mg magnesium
use 24.8
CRC 24.8
LNG 24.8
WEL 8.2
13 Al aluminium
use 23.1
CRC 23.1
LNG 23.1
WEL 23.1
14 Si silicon
use 2.6
WEL 2.6
19 K potassium
use 83.3
CRC 83.3
20 Ca calcium
use 22.3
CRC 22.3
LNG 22.3
WEL 22.3
21 Sc scandium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
CRC 10.2
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
LNG 10.2
WEL 10.2
22 Ti titanium
use 8.6
CRC 8.6
LNG 8.6
WEL 8.6
23 V vanadium
use 8.4
CRC 8.4
LNG 8.4
WEL 8.4
24 Cr chromium
use 4.9
CRC 4.9
LNG 4.9
WEL 4.9
25 Mn manganese
use 21.7
CRC 21.7
LNG 21.7
WEL 21.7
26 Fe iron
use 11.8
CRC 11.8
LNG 11.8
WEL 11.8
27 Co cobalt
use 13.0
CRC 13.0
LNG 13.0
WEL 13.0
28 Ni nickel
use 13.4
CRC 13.4
LNG 13.4
WEL 13.4
29 Cu copper
use 16.5
CRC 16.5
LNG 16.5
WEL 16.5
30 Zn zinc
use 30.2
CRC 30.2
LNG 30.2
WEL 30.2
31 Ga gallium
use
CRC 18[1]
LNG (>30 C) ( liquid) 120
WEL (>30 C) (liquid) 120
32 Ge germanium
use 6.0
LNG 6.0
WEL 6
34 Se selenium
use (amorphous) 37
LNG (amorphous) 37
38 Sr strontium
use 22.5
CRC 22.5
LNG 22.5
WEL 22.5
39 Y yttrium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
CRC 10.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
LNG 10.6
WEL 10.6
40 Zr zirconium
use 5.7
CRC 5.7
LNG 5.7
WEL 5.7
41 Nb niobium
use 7.3
CRC 7.3
LNG 7.3
WEL 7.3
42 Mo molybdenum
use 4.8
CRC 4.8
LNG 4.8
WEL 4.8
44 Ru ruthenium
use 6.4
CRC 6.4
LNG 6.4
WEL 6.4
45 Rh rhodium
use 8.2
CRC 8.2
LNG 8.2
WEL 8.2
46 Pd palladium
use 11.8
CRC 11.8
LNG 11.8
WEL 11.8
47 Ag silver
use 18.9
CRC 18.9
LNG 18.9
WEL 18.9
48 Cd cadmium
use 30.8
CRC 30.8
LNG 30.8
WEL 30.8
49 In indium
use 32.1
CRC 32.1
LNG 32.1
WEL 32.1
50 Sn tin
use 22.0
CRC 22.0
LNG 22.0
WEL 22
51 Sb antimony
use 11.0
CRC 11.0
LNG 11.0
WEL 11
55 Cs caesium
use 97
CRC 97
56 Ba barium
use 20.6
CRC 20.6
LNG 20.6
WEL 20.6
57 La lanthanum
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
CRC 12.1
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
LNG 12.1
WEL 12.1
58 Ce cerium
use (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
CRC 6.3
CR2 (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3
CR2 (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
LNG 6.3
WEL 6.3
59 Pr praseodymium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
CRC 6.7
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
LNG 6.7
WEL 6.7
60 Nd neodymium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
CRC 9.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
LNG 9.6
WEL 9.6
61 Pm promethium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
CRC est. 11
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
LNG est. 11
WEL 11
62 Sm samarium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
CRC 12.7
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
LNG 12.7
WEL 12.7
63 Eu europium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
CRC 35.0
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
LNG 35.0
WEL 35
64 Gd gadolinium
use (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
CRC (100 °C) 9.4
CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1
CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0
CR2 (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
LNG (100 °C) 9.4
WEL 9.4
65 Tb terbium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
CRC 10.3
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
LNG 10.3
WEL 10.3
66 Dy dysprosium
use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
CRC 9.9
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6
CR2 (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
LNG 9.9
WEL 9.9
67 Ho holmium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
CRC 11.2
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
LNG 11.2
WEL 11.2
68 Er erbium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
CRC 12.2
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
LNG 12.2
WEL 12.2
69 Tm thulium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
CRC 13.3
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
LNG 13.3
WEL 13.3
70 Yb ytterbium
use (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
CRC 26.3
CR2 (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3
CR2 (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
LNG 26.3
WEL 26.3
71 Lu lutetium
use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
CRC 9.9
CR2 (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8
CR2 (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0
CR2 (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
LNG 9.9
WEL 9.9
72 Hf hafnium
use 5.9
CRC 5.9
LNG 5.9
WEL 5.9
73 Ta tantalum
use 6.3
CRC 6.3
LNG 6.3
WEL 6.3
74 W tungsten
use 4.5
CRC 4.5
LNG 4.5
WEL 4.5
75 Re rhenium
use 6.2
CRC 6.2
LNG 6.2
WEL 6.2
76 Os osmium
use 5.1
CRC 5.1
LNG 5.1
WEL 5.1
77 Ir iridium
use 6.4
CRC 6.4
LNG 6.4
WEL 6.4
78 Pt platinum
use 8.8
CRC 8.8
LNG 8.8
WEL 8.8
79 Au gold
use 14.2
CRC 14.2
LNG 14.2
WEL 14.2
80 Hg mercury
use 60.4
CRC 60.4
81 Tl thallium
use 29.9
CRC 29.9
LNG 29.9
WEL 29.9
82 Pb lead
use 28.9
CRC 28.9
LNG 28.9
WEL 28.9
83 Bi bismuth
use 13.4
CRC 13.4
LNG 13.4
WEL 13.4
84 Po polonium
use 23.5
CRC 23.5
90 Th thorium
use 11.0
CRC 11.0
LNG 11.1
WEL 11.0
92 U uranium
use 13.9
CRC 13.9
LNG 13.9
WEL 13.9
94 Pu plutonium
use 46.7
CRC 46.7
LNG 46.7

Notes

All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.

References

  1. ↑ The value is highly anisotropic and temperature dependent, see Fred Rosebury (1992). Handbook of Electron Tube and Vacuum Techniques. Springer. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-56396-121-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=yBmnnaODnHgC&pg=PA26. 

CRC

As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals

  • Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.

CR2

As quoted in an online version of:

  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals

which further refers to:

  • Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
  • McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.

LNG

As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements

  • Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.

WEL

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

  • D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
  • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
  • G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
  • J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.



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