Astronomy:Abell 1835 IR1916

Short description: Distant galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Abell 1835 IR1916
The galaxy cluster Abell 1835 behind which the galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916 was discovered
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Virgo
Right ascension	14h 01m 00.0s
Declination	+02° 52′ 44″
Redshift	10.0
Distance	13.2 billion light-years (4.04 Gpc)
Characteristics
Mass	1.0×109 M☉
Other designations
PSR2004 1916

Abell 1835 IR1916 (also known as Abell 1835, Galaxy Abell 1835, Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916, or simply The Abell) was a candidate for being the most distant galaxy ever observed, although that claim has not been verified by additional observations. It was claimed to lie behind the galaxy cluster Abell 1835, in the Virgo constellation.

Initial observation

Abell 1835 was discovered by France and Switzerland astronomers of the European Southern Observatory, namely Roser Pelló, Johan Richard, Jean-François Le Borgne, Daniel Schaerer, and Jean-Paul Kneib. The astronomers used a near-infrared instrument on the Very Large Telescope to detect the galaxy; other observatories were then used to make an image of it possible. The Observatory, in conjunction with the Swiss National Science Foundation, the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, issued a press release on 1 March 2004 announcing the discovery. It was believed to be more distant than the galaxy lensed by Abell 2218.

Age and distance

The initial observer's analysis of J-band observations indicated that Abell 1835 IR1916 has a redshift factor of z~10.0, meaning that it appears to us as it was about 13.2 billion years ago, only 470 million years after the Big Bang and very close to the first burst of star formation in the universe. This redshift also implies a comoving distance from the earth of about 13.2 billion light years. Its visibility at such a great distance was credited to gravitational lensing by the galaxy cluster Abell 1835 between it and us.

Further analysis of the data that led to the first announcement has cast doubt on the claim that it is a distant object, and follow-up observations in the H-band using the Gemini North Telescope and observations from the orbiting Spitzer Space Telescope were not able to detect it at all, the latter regarding it to be an artefact.

See also

• Abell 370
• IOK-1
• HD1 (galaxy), The most distant galaxy known.

References

• Pelló, R.; Schaerer, D.; Richard, J.; Le Borgne, J.-F.; Kneib, J.-P. (2004). "ISAAC/VLT observations of a lensed galaxy at z = 10.0". Astronomy & Astrophysics 416 (3): L35–L40. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040065. Bibcode: 2004A&A...416L..35P. 
• Weatherley, S. J.; Warren, S. J.; Babbedge, T. S. R. (2004-12-04). "Reanalysis of the spectrum of the z = 10 galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics 428 (3): L29–L32. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400099. Bibcode: 2004A&A...428L..29W. 
• Pello, R.; Richard, J.; Le Borgne, J.-F.; Schaerer, D. (9 Jul 2004). Response to "Reanalysis of the spectrum of the z=10 galaxy ISAAC/VLT observations of a lensed galaxy at z=10.0" by Weatherley et al. (astro-ph/0407150). Bibcode: 2004astro.ph..7194P. 
• Bremer, M. N.; Jensen, Joseph B.; Lehnert, M. D.; Förster Schreiber, N. M.; Douglas, Laura (2004-11-01). "Gemini H-Band Imaging of the Field of a z = 10 Candidate". The Astrophysical Journal 615 (1): L1–L4. doi:10.1086/426019. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...615L...1B. 
• Smith, Graham P.; Sand, David J.; Egami, Eiichi; Stern, Daniel; Eisenhardt, Peter R. (2006-01-10). "Optical and Infrared Nondetection of the z = 10 Galaxy behind Abell 1835". The Astrophysical Journal 636 (2): 575–581. doi:10.1086/497979. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...636..575S. 

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