Biology:CXCL14
| chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CXCL14 |
| Alt. symbols | SCYB14, BRAK, NJAC, bolekine, Kec, MIP-2g, BMAC, KS1 |
| NCBI gene | 9547 |
| HGNC | 10640 |
| OMIM | 604186 |
| PDB | 2HDL |
| RefSeq | NM_004887 |
| UniProt | O95715 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 5 q31 |
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as BRAK (for breast and kidney-expressed chemokine).[1] Mature CXCL14 has many of the conserved features of the CXC chemokine subfamily but has some differences too, such as a shorter N-terminus and five extra amino acids in the region between its third and fourth cysteines.[1] CXCL14 is constitutively expressed at high levels in many normal tissues, where its cellular source is thought to be fibroblasts.[2] However, it is reduced or absent from most cancer cells.[1][3] This chemokine is chemotactic for monocytes and can activate these cells in the presence of an inflammatory mediator called prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2).[2] It is also a potent chemoattractant and activator of dendritic cells, is implicated in homing of these cells,[4] and can stimulate the migration of activated NK cells.[5] CXCL14 also inhibits angiogenesis, possibly as a result of its ability to block endothelial cell chemotaxis.[6] The gene for CXCL14 contains four exons and is located on chromosome 5 in humans.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Cloning of BRAK, a novel divergent CXC chemokine preferentially expressed in normal versus malignant cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 255 (3): 703–6. February 1999. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0257. PMID 10049774.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Monocyte selectivity and tissue localization suggests a role for breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK) in macrophage development". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 194 (6): 855–61. September 2001. doi:10.1084/jem.194.6.855. PMID 11561000.
- ↑ "In vivo expression of the novel CXC chemokine BRAK in normal and cancerous human tissue". The American Journal of Pathology 156 (6): 1937–50. June 2000. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65067-5. PMID 10854217.
- ↑ "Loss of new chemokine CXCL14 in tumor tissue is associated with low infiltration by dendritic cells (DC), while restoration of human CXCL14 expression in tumor cells causes attraction of DC both in vitro and in vivo". Journal of Immunology 174 (9): 5490–8. May 2005. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5490. PMID 15843547.
- ↑ "The chemokine CXCL14 (BRAK) stimulates activated NK cell migration: implications for the downregulation of CXCL14 in malignancy". Experimental Hematology 34 (8): 1101–5. August 2006. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2006.05.015. PMID 16863917.
- ↑ "BRAK/CXCL14 is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and a chemotactic factor for immature dendritic cells". Cancer Research 64 (22): 8262–70. November 2004. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2056. PMID 15548693.
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