Biology:Related to receptor tyrosine kinase

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

The related to receptor tyrosine kinase (RYK) gene encodes the protein Ryk.

The protein encoded by this gene is an atypical member of the family of growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinases, differing from other members at a number of conserved residues in the activation and nucleotide binding domains. This gene product belongs to a subfamily whose members do not appear to be regulated by phosphorylation in the activation segment. It has been suggested that mediation of biological activity by recruitment of a signaling-competent auxiliary protein may occur through an as yet uncharacterized mechanism. Two alternative splice variants have been identified, encoding distinct isoforms.

History

The gene encoding mouse RYK was first identified in 1992. Subsequently, cDNA encoding the RYK protein have been isolated from the following species.

• rat
• chicken
• Human
• Zebrafish
• Caenorhabditis elegans
• Drosophila

Structure

In common with other receptor tyrosine kinase family members, RYK is composed of three domains, an N-terminal, extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane spanning domain and a C-terminal intracellular domain. However, in contrast to other receptor tyrosine kinases the C-terminal domain of RYK is devoid of detectable kinase activity.

Function

RYK is involved in regulation of axon growth during development of the nervous system.

Further reading

• "Putative tyrosine kinases expressed in K-562 human leukemia cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 8913–8917. 1991. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8913. PMID 2247464. 
• "Localization of two mouse genes encoding the protein tyrosine kinase receptor-related protein RYK.". Mamm. Genome 6 (4): 255–6. 1995. doi:10.1007/BF00352411. PMID 7613029. 
• "A survey of protein tyrosine kinase mRNAs expressed in normal human melanocytes.". Oncogene 8 (12): 3403–3410. 1993. PMID 8247543. 
• "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localisation of the human homologue of a receptor related to tyrosine kinases (RYK).". Oncogene 8 (5): 1347–1356. 1993. PMID 8386829. 
• "The human ryk cDNA sequence predicts a protein containing two putative transmembrane segments and a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain.". Oncogene 8 (7): 2009–2014. 1993. PMID 8390040. 
• "H-RYK, an unusual receptor kinase: isolation and analysis of expression in ovarian cancer.". Mol. Med. 2 (2): 189–203. 1996. doi:10.1007/BF03401616. PMID 8726462. 
• "Functional analysis of H-Ryk, an atypical member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (9): 6427–6440. 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.9.6427. PMID 10454588. 
• "RYK, a catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine kinase, associates with EphB2 and EphB3 but does not interact with AF-6.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (25): 23037–43. 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202486200. PMID 11956217. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation.". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. 2005. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197. 
• "Mammalian Ryk is a Wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth.". Cell 119 (1): 97–108. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.019. PMID 15454084. 
• "A mutation in RYK is a genetic factor for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.". Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 43 (3): 310–6. 2006. doi:10.1597/04-145.1. PMID 16681403. 
• "Violating the splicing rules: TG dinucleotides function as alternative 3' splice sites in U2-dependent introns.". Genome Biology 8 (8): R154. 2007. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-8-r154. PMID 17672918.