Chemistry:Europium(III) acetate
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
Europium acetate
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| Identifiers | |
| Properties | |
| Eu(CH3COO)3 | |
| Appearance | white solid |
| soluble in water | |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Europium(III) oxide Europium(III) hydroxide Europium(III) carbonate |
Other cations
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Samarium(III) acetate Gadolinium(III) acetate |
Related compounds
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Europium(II) acetate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Europium(III) acetate is an inorganic salt of europium and acetic acid with the chemical formula of Eu(CH3COO)3. In this compound, europium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It can exist in the anhydrous form, sesquihydrate[lower-alpha 1][1] and tetrahydrate.[2] Its hydrate molecule is a dimer.[3][4]
Preparation
Europium acetate can be obtained by stirring reaction of acetic acid and europium oxide under heating, and then diluting with water and crystallizing:[5]
- Eu2O3 + 6 CH3COOH → 2 Eu(CH3COO)3 + 3 H2O
Europium can also directly participate in the reaction:[1]
- 2 Eu + 6 CH3COOH → 2 Eu(CH3COO)3 + 3 H2↑
Properties
Physical properties
The anhydrous europium acetate crystallizes monoclinically in the space group C2/c (space group no. 15) with the lattice parameters a = 1126.0(3), b = 2900.5(6), c = 799.1( 2) pm and β = 132.03(2)° with four formula units per unit cell.[1] The sesquihydrate crystallizes monoclinically in the space group Cc (No. 9) with the lattice parameters a = 1608.7(2), b = 1665.6(2), c = 839.1(1) pm and β = 115.75( 9)° with four formula units per unit cell.[1] The heat capacity at 280 K is 803±16 J/(mol∙K).[6]
Chemical properties
Europium acetate can be dissolved in water, acidified with acetic acid, and the compound of divalent europium [Eu(CH3COO)2(CH3COOH)(H2O)2] can be obtained by electrochemical reduction.[7]
Europium acetate can be crystallized in excess glacial acetic acid to give the salt [Eu(H(CH3COO)2)3](H2O).[1]
Decomposition
Europium acetate can be decomposed by heating, and the hydrate first loses water to obtain anhydrous, and then passes through basic acetate EuOCH3COO, basic carbonate Eu2O2CO3, and finally obtains europium oxide.[8] The tetrahydrate of europium acetate decomposes in air over 6 stages to europium oxide.[8][9]
Stage 1 at 135 °C:
- Eu(CH3COO)3·4H2O → Eu(CH3COO)3·H2O + 3H2O
Stage 2 at 170 °C:
- Eu(CH3COO)3·3H2O → Eu(CH3COO)3·0.5 H2O + 0.5 H2O
Stage 3 at 210 °C:
- Eu(CH3COO)3·0.5H2O → Eu(CH3COO)3 + 0.5 H2O
Stage 4 at 310 °C:
- Eu(CH3COO)3 → EuO(CH3COO) + C3H6O + CO2
Stage 5 at 390 °C:
- 2EuO(CH3COO) → Eu2O2[CO3] + C3H6O
Stage 6 at 670 °C:
- Eu2O2[CO3] → Eu2O3 + CO2
Notes
- ↑ Note: The sesquihydrate of europium(III) acetate has the structure [Eu2(CH3COO)6(H2O)](H2O)2.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Sonia Gomez Torres, Ingo Pantenburg, Gerd Meyer (2006). "Direct Oxidation of Europium Metal with Acetic Acid: Anhydrous Europium(III) Acetate, Eu(OAc)3, its Sesqui-hydrate, Eu(OAc)3(H2O)1.5, and the "Hydrogendiacetate", [Eu(H(OAc)2)3(H2O)"] (in en). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 632 (12–13): 1989–1994. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600154. ISSN 1521-3749. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/zaac.200600154. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ Herbert N. McCoy (1939-09-01). "The Salts of Europium". Journal of the American Chemical Society 61 (9): 2455–2456. doi:10.1021/ja01878a055. ISSN 0002-7863. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01878a055. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2"]. Polyhedron 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN 0277-5387. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387%2895%2900174-Q. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ Cameron J. Kepert, Lu Wei-Min, Peter C. Junk, Brian W. Skelton, Allan H. White (1999). "Structural Systematics of Rare Earth Complexes. X ('Maximally') Hydrated Rare Earth Acetates" (in en). Australian Journal of Chemistry 52 (6): 437. doi:10.1071/CH98041. ISSN 0004-9425. http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=CH98041. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
- ↑ Tang, Huian; Liu, Yanzhi; Zhao, Aiping. A preparation method of europium acetate [Patent]. CN104387254A. 2015.
- ↑ Dobrokhotova, Zh. V.; Fomina, I. G.; Kiskin, M. A.; Bykov, M. A.; Belov, G. V.; Novotortsev, V. M. (2006), "The thermodynamic properties of rare-earth metal binuclear acetates and pivalates" (in German), Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 80 (3): pp. 323-329, doi:10.1134/S0036024406030034, ISSN 0036-0244
- ↑ P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2"]. Polyhedron 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN 0277-5387. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387%2895%2900174-Q. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ogawa M, Manabe K. Thermal Decomposition of Europium (III) Acetate Tetrahydrate （酢酸ユウロピウム(III)4水和物の熱分解）. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 1988, 96(1117): 890-893.
- ↑ Balboul, Basma A. A.; Zaki, Mohamed I (2011), "Thermal decomposition course of Eu(CH3COO)3·4H2O and the reactivity at the gas/solid interface thus established" (in German), Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 92 (1): pp. 137-142, doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.05.004
Acetyl halides and salts of the acetate ion
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AcOH | He | ||||||||||||||||||
| LiOAc | Be(OAc)2 BeAcOH |
B(OAc)3 | AcOAc ROAc |
NH4OAc | AcOOH | FAc | Ne | ||||||||||||
| NaOAc | Mg(OAc)2 | Al(OAc)3 ALSOL Al(OAc)2OH Al2SO4(OAc)4 |
Si | P | S | ClAc | Ar | ||||||||||||
| KOAc | Ca(OAc)2 | Sc(OAc)3 | Ti(OAc)4 | VO(OAc)3 | Cr(OAc)2 Cr(OAc)3 |
Mn(OAc)2 Mn(OAc)3 |
Fe(OAc)2 Fe(OAc)3 |
Co(OAc)2, Co(OAc)3 |
Ni(OAc)2 | Cu(OAc)2 | Zn(OAc)2 | Ga(OAc)3 | Ge | As(OAc)3 | Se | BrAc | Kr | ||
| RbOAc | Sr(OAc)2 | Y(OAc)3 | Zr(OAc)4 | Nb | Mo(OAc)2 | Tc | Ru(OAc)2 Ru(OAc)3 Ru(OAc)4 |
Rh2(OAc)4 | Pd(OAc)2 | AgOAc | Cd(OAc)2 | In | Sn(OAc)2 Sn(OAc)4 |
Sb(OAc)3 | Te | IAc | Xe | ||
| CsOAc | Ba(OAc)2 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt(OAc)2 | Au | Hg2(OAc)2, Hg(OAc)2 |
TlOAc Tl(OAc)3 |
Pb(OAc)2 Pb(OAc)4 |
Bi(OAc)3 | Po | At | Rn | |||
| Fr | Ra | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |||
| ↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
| La(OAc)3 | Ce(OAc)x | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm(OAc)3 | Eu(OAc)3 | Gd(OAc)3 | Tb | Dy(OAc)3 | Ho(OAc)3 | Er | Tm | Yb(OAc)3 | Lu(OAc)3 | |||||
| Ac | Th | Pa | UO2(OAc)2 | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||||
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