Chemistry:Potassium acetate

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Short description: Colourless soluble salt of acetic acid
Potassium acetate
Skeletal formula of potassium acetate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Potassium acetate
Other names
Potassium ethanoate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
UNII
Properties
CH
3COOK
Molar mass 98.142 g·mol−1
Appearance White deliquescent crystalline powder
Density 1.57 g/cm3 (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))[1]
Melting point 303–307 °C (577–585 °F; 576–580 K)[1]
Boiling point Decomposes
  • 216.7 g/100 mL (0.1 °C (32.2 °F; 273.2 K))
  • 233.7 g/100 mL (10 °C (50 °F; 283 K))
  • 268.6 g/100 mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))
  • 320.8 g/100 mL (40 °C (104 °F; 313 K))
  • 390.7 g/100 mL (96 °C (205 °F; 369 K))[2]
Solubility in methanol
  • 24.24 g/100g (15 °C (59 °F; 288 K))
  • 53.54 g/100g (73.4 °C (164.1 °F; 346.5 K))[3][verification needed]
Solubility in ethanol 16.3 g/100g[2]
Solubility in acetic acid 20.95 g/100g (28.03 °C (82.45 °F; 301.18 K))[3][4]
Solubility in dimethylformamide 0.09 g/100g[3]
Solubility in sulfur dioxide 0.006 g/100g (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K))[3]
Vapor pressure < 0.0000001 hPa[1]
Acidity (pKa) 4.76
Structure
Monoclinic
Thermochemistry[5]
109.38 J/(mol × K)
150.82 J/(mol × K)
−722.6 kJ⋅mol−1[3]
Enthalpy of fusion (ΔfH⦵fus)
 22 kJ⋅mol−1[3]
Pharmacology
1=ATC code }} B05XA17 (WHO)
Hazards[6]
GHS Signal word Warning
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondFlammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineReactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
1
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3250 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Other anions
Other cations
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Tracking categories (test):

Potassium acetate (also called potassium ethanoate), (CH
3COOK) is the potassium salt of acetic acid. It is a hygroscopic solid at room temperature.

Preparation

It can be prepared by treating a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with acetic acid:

CH
3COOH + KOH → CH
3COOK + H
2O

This sort of reaction is known as an acid-alkalai reaction.

At saturation, the sesquihydrate in water solution (2CH
3COOK · 3H2O) begins to form the semihydrate (2CH
3COOK · H2O) at 41.3 °C (106.3 °F).[2]

Applications

Deicing

Potassium acetate (as a substitute for calcium chloride or magnesium chloride) can be used as a deicer to remove ice or prevent its formation. It offers the advantages over chlorides of being less aggressive on soils and much less corrosive: for this reason, it is one of the preferred substances for removal of ice from airplanes and airport runways.[7][8]

Fire extinguishing

Potassium acetate is the extinguishing agent used as a component in some Class K fire extinguishers[9] because of its ability to cool and form a crust over burning oils.[citation needed]

Food additive

Potassium acetate is used in processed foods as a preservative and acidity regulator. In the European Union, it is labeled by the E number E261; it is also approved for usage in the USA, Australia, and New Zealand.[10][11][12]

Medicine and biochemistry

In molecular biology, potassium acetate is used to precipitate Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and SDS-bound proteins to allow their removal from DNA.[citation needed]

Potassium acetate is used in mixtures applied for tissue preservation, fixation, and mummification. Most museums today use a formaldehyde-based method recommended by Kaiserling in 1897 which contains potassium acetate.[13] This process was used to soak Lenin's corpse.[14]

Industry

Potassium acetate is used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethanes.[15]

Use in executions

Potassium acetate was incorrectly used in place of potassium chloride when putting a prisoner to death in Oklahoma in January 2015. Charles Frederick Warner was executed on January 15, 2015 with potassium acetate; this was not public knowledge until the scheduled execution of Richard Glossip was called off.[16][17]

In August 2017, the U.S. state of Florida used potassium acetate (intentionally) in the execution of Mark James Asay.[18]

Historical

Potassium acetate is used as a diuretic and urinary alkalizer. Before modern chemistry, it was variously called terra foliata tartari, sal Sennerti, tartarus regeneratus, arcanum tartari and sal diureticus.[19] In 1760 it was used in the preparation of Cadet's fuming liquid ((CH
3)
2As)
2 + ((CH
3)
2As)
2O, the first organometallic compound ever produced.[citation needed]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sigma-Aldrich Co., Potassium acetate.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). "Potassium - Potassium acetate". Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand. p. 500. https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino04seidgoog/page/500/mode/2up. Retrieved 31 October 2025. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Potassium acetate". Chemister. https://chemister.ru/Databases/Chemdatabase/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=504. 
  4. ↑ Davidson, Arthur W.; McAllister, Walter H. (1 February 1930). "Solutions of salts in pure acetic acid. II. Solubilities of acetates". Journal of the American Chemical Society 52 (2): 507–519. doi:10.1021/ja01365a010. 
  5. ↑ Acetic acid, potassium salt in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov (retrieved 2014-05-18)
  6. ↑ "SDS - Potassium acetate". Thermo Fisher Scientific. https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AAA1632136&productDescription=POTASSIUM+ACETATE+500G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&language=en. 
  7. ↑ Gruber, Michael R.; Hofko, Bernhard; Hoffmann, Markus; Stinglmayr, David; Seifried, Teresa M.; Grothe, Hinrich (April 2023). "Deicing performance of common deicing agents for winter maintenance with and without corrosion-inhibiting substances". Cold Regions Science and Technology 208. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103795. 
  8. ↑ Chappelo, C.C.; McElroy, A.D.; Blackburn, R.R.; Darwin, D.; de Noyelles, F.G.; Locke, C.E. (1992). Handbook of test methods for evaluating chemical deicers.. Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council. p. 73. SHRP-H-332. ISBN 9789994805839. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/shrp/SHRP-H-332.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "SDS - Class K liquid agent for extinguishers". Amerex. May 2016. p. 2. https://www.steelfire.com/UserFiles/Docs/AX_SDS_ch-530-660-wet-chemical-portables-6353239c.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers". UK Food Standards Agency. https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers. 
  11. ↑ "Listing of Food Additives Status Part II". US Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/ucm191033.htm#ftnT. 
  12. ↑ "Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". Australia-New Zealand Food Standards Code. 8 September 2011. https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2008B00604/2011-09-08/text. 
  13. ↑ Dale Ulmer (1994). "Fixation. The Key to Good Tissue Preservation". Journal of the International Society for Plastination 8 (1): 7–10. doi:10.56507/OEVY7072. https://www.uqtr.ca/plast-journal/vol8/Ulmer_7a10.pdf. Retrieved 2017-09-08. 
  14. ↑ Nagorski, Andrew (18 September 2007). The Greatest Battle: Stalin, Hitler, and the Desperate Struggle for Moscow That Changed the Course of World War II (1st ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 53. ISBN 0743281101. 
  15. ↑ Cheung, H.; Tanke, R. S.; Torrence, G. P.. "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_045. 
  16. ↑ Gajanan, Mahita (8 October 2015). "Oklahoma used wrong drug in Charles Warner's execution, autopsy report says". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/oct/08/oklahoma-wrong-drug-execution-charles-warner. 
  17. ↑ Peralta, Eyder (8 October 2015). "Oklahoma Used The Wrong Drug To Execute Charles Warner". NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/08/446862121/oklahoma-used-the-wrong-drug-to-execute-charles-warner. 
  18. ↑ Dearon, Jason (3 June 2018). "Florida executes convicted killer Mark Asay using new drug". Sun Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/florida/fl-reg-florida-execution-asay-20170824-story.html. 
  19. ↑ Crosland, Maurice P. (2004-01-01) (in en). Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-43802-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=kwQQaltqByAC&pg=PA104. 



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