Chemistry:Fumonisin
The fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins derived from Fusarium and their Liseola section.[1] They have strong structural similarity to sphinganine, the backbone precursor of sphingolipids.[2]
More specifically, it can refer to:
- Fumonisin B1
- Fumonisin B2
- Fumonisin B3
- Fumonisin B4
As the fumonisins appear to be non-genotoxic the possibility that they belong to another class of non-genotoxic carcinogens, the peroxisome proliferators, was investigated[3]
Genetic engineering is reported as a promising means of detoxifying mycotoxins. This approach may provide innovative solutions to the problem of fumonisin in corn.[4]
At least 15 different fumonisins have so far been reported and other minor metabolites have been identified, although most of them have not been shown to occur naturally.[5] In 2015, a unique class of non-aminated fumonisins[6] was reported on grapes infected with Aspergillus welwitschiae, although their toxicities have not yet been established.
Other Fusarium toxins
The trichothecene (T-2) mycotoxins are a group of over 40 compounds produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, a common grain mold.[7]
The estrogenic metabolite, zearalenone, is also referred to as F-2 toxin.[8]
References
- ↑ Fumonisins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ↑ Gelderblom, Wentzel C. A.; Marasas, Walter F. O.; Vleggaar, R.; Thiel, Pieter G.; Cawood, M. E. (February 1992). "Fumonisins: Isolation, chemical characterization and biological effects". Mycopathologia 117 (1–2): 11–16. doi:10.1007/BF00497273. PMID 1513367.
- ↑ Jackson, Lauren S.; Jonathan W. DeVries; Lloyd B. Bullerman (1996). Fumonisins In Food. New York, NY: Plenum Press. pp. 289. ISBN 0-306-45216-2.
- ↑ Igawa, T; Takahashi-Ando, N; Ochiai, N; Ohsato, S; Shimizu, T; Kudo, T; Yamaguchi, I; Kimura, M (March 2007). "Reduced contamination by the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize kernels through genetic modification with a detoxification gene.". Appl Environ Microbiol 73 (5): 1622–9. doi:10.1128/aem.01077-06. PMID 17209063. Bibcode: 2007ApEnM..73.1622I.
- ↑ Marasas, W.F.O.; J.D. Miller; R.T. Riley; A. Visconti (2000). Environmental Health Criteria 219: Fumonisin B1. Vammala, Finland: World Health Organization. pp. 9. ISBN 92-4-157219-1.
- ↑ Renaud, J.B.R; M.J Kelman; Tianyu F. Qi; K.A. Seifert; M.W. Sumarah (2015). "Product ion filtering with rapid polarity switching for the detection of all fumonisins and AAL-toxins". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Volume 29, Issue 22, 30 November 2015, Pages 2131–2139) 29 (22): 2131–2139. doi:10.1002/rcm.7374. PMID 26467225. Bibcode: 2015RCMS...29.2131R.
- ↑ USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, 6th Ed. McLean, VA: International Medical Publishing, Inc. 2005. pp. 102–103. ISBN 1-58808-162-1.
- ↑ Marasas, W.F.O.; Paul E. Nelson (1987). Mycotoxicology: Introduction to the Mycology, Plant Pathology, Chemistry, Toxicology, and Pathology of Naturally Occurring Mycotoxicoses In Animals and Man. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 47. ISBN 0-271-00442-8.
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