Astronomy:List of GSLV launches

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Short description: Launches made by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk I and Mk II

Liftoff of GSLV Mk. II F08 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, carrying GSAT-6A.

This is a list of launches conducted by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rockets. This list does not include LVM 3 (formerly known as GSLV Mk III) launches, which can be found here.

Notable missions

GSLV MK. I flight D1

This was the first developmental flight of the GSLV Mk.I featuring Russian cryogenic engine KVD-1. It was used to place an experimental satellite GSAT-1 into the orbit. However, due to sub-optimal performance and lack of fuel the vehicle did not achieve the intended orbit and the satellite had to maneuver itself using onboard fuel to correct the shortfall. ISRO claims the launch to be successful.[1][2] In a 2014 interview, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan attributed the failure to incorrect mixture ratio used in the cryogenic upper stage.[3][1][4]

GSLV MK. II flight D5

This was the second test flight with indigenous cryogenic stage CE-7.5 and the first successful launch with the CE-7.5. The flight lifted and successfully placed the 1,982 kilograms (4,370 lb) GSAT-14 into the orbit. This flight became the harbinger of successful launch with the indigenous cryogenic stage.[5][6][7]

GSLV MK. II flight F09

Main page: Engineering:South Asia Satellite

This was the fourth consecutive successful flight of GSLV Mk. II with indigenous cryogenic engine. The flight placed the regional satellite South Asia Satellite was previously named as South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Satellite.[8][9][10][11] The satellite was a gift from India to its neighbors to bolsters Prime Minister Narendra Modi's neighborhood first policy[12] Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka are the users of the multi-dimensional facilities provided by the satellite.

Launch statistics

Rocket configurations

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Launch sites

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Mission outcome

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Launch history

(As of May 2023), rockets from the GSLV family have made 15 launches, resulting in 9 successes, four failures, and two partial failures.[13] All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).

2001–2009

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
outcome
D1 18 April 2001
10:13 		Mk I First India GSAT-1 1540 kg GTO INSAT Partial failure
Developmental flight, payload placed into lower than planned orbit, and did not have sufficient fuel to reach a usable orbit.[1]
D2 8 May 2003
11:28 		Mk I First India GSAT-2 1825 kg GTO INSAT Success
Developmental flight.[14]
F01 20 September 2004
10:31 		Mk I First India GSAT-3 1950 kg GTO INSAT Success
First operational flight.[15]
F02 10 July 2006
12:08 		Mk I Second India INSAT-4C 2168 kg GTO INSAT Failure
One of the L40 strap-on engines failed at lift-off. Both rocket and satellite had to be destroyed over the Bay of Bengal after the rocket's trajectory veered outside permitted limits.[16]
F04 2 September 2007
12:51 		Mk I Second India INSAT-4CR 2160 kg GTO INSAT Partial failure
High roll rate build-up due control system malfunction on one L40 strapon resulted in premature shutdown of other strap-on stages.[17] Due to an error in the guidance subsystem achieved orbit had lower apogee and inclination higher than expected.[18] Orbit corrected through satellite, eventually the INSAT-4CR was placed in its slot.[19][20][21] Satellite completed its planned design life while it was fully operational. ISRO claims this GSLV flight to be successful.[22]

2010–2017

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
outcome
D3 15 April 2010
10:57 		Mk II Second India GSAT-4 2220 kg GTO INSAT Failure
First flight test of the ISRO designed and built Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS). Failed to reach orbit due to malfunction of the Fuel Booster Turbo Pump (FBTP) of the cryogenic upper stage.[23]
F06 25 December 2010
10:34 		Mk I Second India GSAT-5P 2310 kg GTO INSAT Failure
First flight of GSLV Mk.I (c). Aft shroud of upper stage engine bay disintegrated due to aerodynamic loads, snapping the electrical continuity to L40 strapons.[24][17] Vehicle was destroyed by range safety officer after loss of control over liquid-fueled boosters.[25]
D5 5 January 2014
10:48 		Mk II Second India GSAT-14 1980 kg GTO INSAT Success
The flight was scheduled for 19 August 2013, but one hour and 14 minutes before the lift off, a leakage was reported and the launch was halted.[26] Second flight of GSLV with indigenous cryogenic upper stage (CUS) developed by ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) was launched successfully on 5 January 2014.[27][28] It was a launch with precision of 40 m (130 ft). All the three stages performed successfully.[29][30] This was the first successful flight of the cryogenic stage which was developed indigenously in India.
D6 27 August 2015
11:22 		Mk II Second India GSAT-6 2117 kg GTO INSAT Success
GSLV Mk II D6 with an Indigenous Cryogenic Engine (ICE) successfully ferried GSAT-6 payload into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) with injection parameters of 170 km x 35945 km, 19.96° inclination. The cuboid-shaped GSAT-6 satellite includes a technology demonstrator S-Band unfurlable antenna with a diameter of six metre which will provide S-band communication services during its expected mission life of nine years.[31][32][33]
F05 8 September 2016
11:20 		MK II Second India INSAT-3DR 2211 kg GTO INSAT Success
First operational flight of GSLV Mk II. The injection parameters were met with extreme precision. Perigee was within 300m (within 0.18%) of the expected value whereas apogee was within 0.2% (80 km). The difference between expected and actual inclination degree was 0.

INSAT-3DR is an advanced atmospheric weather satellite. as well as the second heaviest satellite placed in orbit by an indigenous cryogenic engine propelled GSLV [34][35][36]

F09 5 May 2017
11:27 		Mk II Second India GSAT-9 / South Asia Satellite 2230 kg GTO INSAT Success
South Asia Satellite was previously named as South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Satellite.[37][38][11]

2018

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F08 29 March 2018
11:26 		Mk II Second India GSAT-6A 2140 kg GTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) which had a thrust of 848 kN (191,000 lbf) in GS2 stage. Electro-hydraulic Actuation used for gimballing in GS2 stage was replaced by more reliable Electro-Mechanical Actuation.[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]
F11 19 December 2018
10:40 		Mk II Second India GSAT-7A 2250 kg GTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) along with uprated cryogenic engine C15.[46][47][48][49]

2021

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F10 12 August 2021
00:13[50][51] 		Mk II Second India GISAT-1 / EOS-03 2268 kg GTO ISRO Failure
Carried EOS-03, a geostationary multi-spectral imaging satellite. The third stage failed to ignite, leading to the loss of the mission. The cause of failure was found to be a 50 millibar drop in pressure in the Liquid Hydrogen tank of the Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]

2023

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F12 29 May 2023
10:42[61][62] 		Mk II Second India NVS-01 2232 kg GTO ISRO Success
NVS-01 is the first in the second generation navigational satellites. It carried navigational payload operating in L1,L5 and s bands. For the first time, an indigenous atomic clock was flown in NVS-01.[63][64]

Future launches

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration 		Launch site Payload Orbit User
17 February 2024 F14 MK2 Second India INSAT-3DS GTO ISRO
Follow on mission to INSAT-3DR.
30 March 2024 Mk II Second United States India NISAR SSO NASA / ISRO
2024[65] Mk II Second Launch Pad India NVS-02 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite.
TBA[66] Mk II Second Launch Pad India GISAT-2 / EOS-05 GTO ISRO
Follow mission to GISAT-1 2268 kg[67][57][68]
TBA [69][70] Mk II Second Launch Pad India Venus Orbiter Mission Venus ISRO
First Indian Venus mission.
TBD[71][72][73][74] Mk II Second Launch Pad India IDRSS-1 / CMS-4 GTO ISRO
[75][57]
TBA[73][74] Mk II Second Launch Pad India IDRSS-2 GTO ISRO
[75]
TBA [76] GEV Second Launch Pad India RLV-ORV LEO ISRO
Orbital Reentry Experiment (ORE) of RLV-TD will use launch vehicle derived from the existing GSLV and PSLV stages to launch Orbital Re-entry vehicle (ORV).[77][78]

Gallery

  • GSLV F05 take off

  • GSLV F11 vehicle at Second Launch Pad.

  • Fully integrated GSLV-F05 coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building.

  • Launch of GSLV F11 from Second Launch Pad.

  • Top view of a fully Integrated GSLV-F08 inside the Vehicle Assembly Building.

  • GSLV F08 lift off.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kyle, Ed (28 December 2010). "Page 2 of 2: Comprehensive Orbital Launch 🐭🐭🐭🐭Failure List". India (SLV/ASLV/PSLV/GSLV) Flight History by Variant/Year (1979–2010). http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/slvfail.txt. 
  2. ↑ "Press Brief on GSLV-D1/GSAT-1". ISRO. 24 April 2001. http://www.isro.gov.in/update/24-apr-2001/press-brief-gslv-d1-gsat-1. 
  3. ↑ Ramachandran, R. (22 January 2014). "GSLV Mk III, the next milestone". Frontline. http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/gslv-mkiii-the-next-milestone/article5596588.ece. 
  4. ↑ "ISRO clears launch of GSLV-D5". Business Standard. 31 December 2013. http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/isro-clears-launch-of-gslv-d5-113123000189_1.html. 
  5. ↑ "Isro successfully launches indigenous cryogenic engine-powered GSLV-D5". The Times Of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Isro-successfully-launches-indigenous-cryogenic-engine-powered-GSLV-D5/articleshow/28437867.cms. 
  6. ↑ "GSLV-D5-Success". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-d5/d5-updates.aspx. 
  7. ↑ Subramanian, T.S. (5 January 2014). "GSLV-D5 Launch Success". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/gslvd5-with-indigenous-cryogenic-engine-launched-successfully/article5541607.ece?homepage=true. 
  8. ↑ "Made in India South Asia Satellite to be launched on 5 May 2017". PTI. 30 April 2017. https://www.livemint.com/Science/hbsHovfU7ngFqoPec9KQML/Indias-priceless-gift-Isros-South-Asia-Satellite-to-be.html. 
  9. ↑ "Official Press Release: GSLV Successfully Launches South Asia Satellite". Press Information Bureau. 5 May 2017. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=161601. 
  10. ↑ Sinha, Amitabh (6 May 2017). "South Asian diplomacy lifts off on 2230-kg ISRO satellite GSAT-9". The Indian Express. http://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-gsat-9-satellite-launch-propels-modi-govts-satellite-diplomacy-in-the-neighbourhood-4642042/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Clark, Stephen (6 May 2017). "India launches satellite linking its South Asian neighbors". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/05/06/india-launches-satellite-linking-its-south-asian-neighbors/. 
  12. ↑ "India's SAARC satellite proposal: a boost to a multilateral space agenda". The Space Review. 18 August 2014. http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2579/1. 
  13. ↑ "List of GSLV launches". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/list-of-gslv-launches. 
  14. ↑ "GSLV-D2 Mission". ISRO. http://isro.org/gslvd2/gslvd2.htm. 
  15. ↑ "EDUSAT mission". ISRO. http://isro.org/Edusat/Page4.htm. 
  16. ↑ "GSLV-F02 Failure Analysis Committee Report". http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=20769. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey. 15 December 2015. ISBN 9789351776895. 
  18. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2 September 2007). "India's large satellite launcher returns to flight". Spaceflight Now. http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0709/02insat4cr. 
  19. ↑ "INSAT-4CR successfully placed in orbit". Times of India. 2 September 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/INSAT-4CR_successfully_placed_in_orbit/articleshow/2331752.cms. 
  20. ↑ "GSLV-F04 Launch Successful – Places INSAT-4CR in orbit". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/update/02-sep-2007/gslv-f04-launch-successful-places-insat-4cr-orbit. 
  21. ↑ "ISRO refutes INSAT-4CR "disappearance" story". http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-refutes-insat-vanishing-story/article1-263347.aspx. 
  22. ↑ "First manoeuvre to raise satellite's orbit". Sriharikota. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article1904902.ece. 
  23. ↑ "GSLV-D3 Failure Analysis Report". ISRO. http://www.isro.gov.in/update/09-jul-2010/gslv-d3-failure-analysis-report. 
  24. ↑ "GSLV-F06 Failure-Preliminary findings and Further steps - ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/31-dec-2010/gslv-f06-failure-preliminary-findings-and-further-steps. 
  25. ↑ "Rocket failed after 45 seconds, says ISRO". 25 December 2010. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Rocket-failed-after-45-seconds-says-ISRO/Article1-642792.aspx. 
  26. ↑ "GSLV-D5 rocket launch delayed, countdown clock stopped due to leak in second stage". NDTV. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/gslv-d5-rocket-launch-delayed-countdown-clock-stopped-due-to-leak-407665. 
  27. ↑ Varma, M. Dinesh (31 October 2013). "Another shot at GSLV with indigenous cryogenic engine". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/another-shot-at-gslv-with-indigenous-cryogenic-engine/article5298156.ece. 
  28. ↑ "Preparations in full swing for December 15 GSLV mission". http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/preparations-in-full-swing-for-dec-15-gslv-mission/article1-1147438.aspx. 
  29. ↑ "GSAT-14 Separated". Twitter. January 5, 2014. https://twitter.com/ISROOFFICIAL/status/419786787297300480/photo/1. 
  30. ↑ "Performance of Cryogenic stage of GSLV D5 normal. Ignition sustained.". Twitter. January 5, 2014. https://twitter.com/ISROOFFICIAL/statuses/419784120307159042. 
  31. ↑ "ISRO's GSLV D-6 puts GSAT-6 satellite in orbit". The Hindu. 27 August 2015. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/geostationary-satellite-launch-vehicle-gslvd6-successfully-launched/article7587039.ece. 
  32. ↑ "GSAT 6". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gsat-6.htm. 
  33. ↑ "GSAT-6 slated for March launch". The Hindu. 29 October 2014. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gsat6-slated-for-march-launch/article6545929.ece. 
  34. ↑ "ISRO's desi cryo engine–powered GSLV-F05 places INSAT-3DR weather satellite in orbit". Times of India. 8 September 2016. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Isros-desi-cryo-enginepowered-GSLV-F05-places-INSAT-3DR-weather-satellite-in-orbit/articleshow/54181283.cms. 
  35. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "GSLV puts advanced Indian weather satellite in orbit". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/09/08/gslv-counting-down-to-launch-advanced-indian-weather-satellite/. 
  36. ↑ "GSLV-F05 lobs advanced weather satellite INSAT-3DR into orbit". The Hindu. 8 September 2016. http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/live-updates-isros-gslvf05-launch/article9085403.ece. 
  37. ↑ "Made in India South Asia Satellite to be launched on 5 May 2017". PTI. 30 April 2017. https://www.livemint.com/Science/hbsHovfU7ngFqoPec9KQML/Indias-priceless-gift-Isros-South-Asia-Satellite-to-be.html. 
  38. ↑ Sinha, Amitabh (6 May 2017). "South Asian diplomacy lifts off on 2230-kg ISRO satellite GSAT-9". The Indian Express. http://indianexpress.com/article/india/isro-gsat-9-satellite-launch-propels-modi-govts-satellite-diplomacy-in-the-neighbourhood-4642042/. 
  39. ↑ "GSLV F08-GSAT-6A Brochure". Indian Space Research Organisation. https://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-f08-gsat-6a-mission/gslv-f08-gsat6a-brochure. 
  40. ↑ "ISRO Loses communication with GSAT-6A". The Economic Times. April 2018. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-says-contact-with-gsat-6a-lost-second-setback-in-seven-months/articleshow/63565348.cms. 
  41. ↑ "Status Update of GSAT-6A". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-apr-2018/status-update-of-gsat-6a. 
  42. ↑ "ISRO confirms losing contact with communication satellite GSAT-6A". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-loses-contact-with-communication-satellite-gsat-6a/articleshow/63565033.cms. 
  43. ↑ "GSLV Successfully Launches GSAT-6A Satellite". Press Information Bureau. 29 March 2018. http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1527070. 
  44. ↑ "29న జిఎస్‌ఎల్వీ- ఎఫ్‌08 ప్రయోగం". Prajasakti News. http://www.prajasakti.com/Article/BreakingNews/2014966. 
  45. ↑ "GSLV-F08/GSAT-6A Mission". ISRO. 2017-11-18. https://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-f08-gsat-6a-mission. 
  46. ↑ "India's 19 upcoming missions, and ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)". SpaceTech Asia. 2018-08-28. http://www.spacetechasia.com/indias-19-upcoming-missions-and-isros-small-satellite-launch-vehicle-sslv/. 
  47. ↑ "Isro lines up 3 rocket launches in two months". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/isro-lines-up-3-rocket-launches-in-two-months/articleshow/66538316.cms. 
  48. ↑ "19న నింగిలోకి జీఎస్‌ఎల్‌వీ-ఎఫ్ 11 రాకెట్ | Daily Newspaper in Telugu | Telugu News Headlines | Andhrabhoomi". http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/state-andhra-pradesh-440. 
  49. ↑ "ISRO's GSLV-F11/Gsat-7A mission successful, satellite meant for military applications placed in orbit". The Times of India. 19 December 2018. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isros-gslv-f11/gsat-7a-mission-successful-satellite-meant-for-military-applications-placed-in-orbit/articleshow/67161406.cms. 
  50. ↑ "ISRO plans to launch geo imaging satellite on August 12". The Hindu. 10 July 2021. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-plans-to-launch-geo-imaging-satellite-on-august-12/article35249440.ece. 
  51. ↑ "SDSC-SHAR - Upcoming Missions". Satish Dhawan Space Centre. https://www.shar.gov.in/sdscshar/index.jsp. 
  52. ↑ Indian Space Research Organization [@isro]. "GSLV-F10 launch took place today at 0543 Hrs IST as scheduled. Performance of first and second stages was normal. However, Cryogenic Upper Stage ignition did not happen due to technical anomaly. The mission couldn't be accomplished as intended.". https://twitter.com/isro/status/1425631254913843202.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  53. ↑ "India's GSLV fails on long-delayed EOS-03 mission" (in en-US). 2021-08-11. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/08/eos-03-launch/. 
  54. ↑ "GSLV failure to have an impact on India's human space mission". Business Standard India. 2021-08-12. https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/gslv-failure-to-have-an-impact-on-india-s-human-space-mission-121081200178_1.html. 
  55. ↑ "GSLV-F10 / GISAT-1". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/gslv-f10-gisat-1. 
  56. ↑ "Planned Launches of GSLV". VSSC. https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/images/GSLV/LaunchesPlanned.pdf. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 "Annual Report 2022-2023". ISRO. 23 March 2023. https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/AnnualReport/Annual_Report_2022_23_Eng.pdf. 
  58. ↑ "SDSC-SHAR Website". https://www.shar.gov.in/sdscshar/index.jsp. 
  59. ↑ "2021 GSLV mission failed due to loss of pressure in fuel tank:Isro". 20 November 2021. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2021-gslv-mission-failed-due-to-loss-of-pressure-in-fuel-tank-isro-101637346913901.html. 
  60. ↑ "GSLV-F10/EOS-03 Mission Failure: Failure Analysis Committee submits conclusions & recommendations - ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/update/25-mar-2022/gslv-f10-eos-03-mission-failure-failure-analysis-committee-submits-conclusions. 
  61. ↑ "ISRO's GSLV-F12 successfully places navigation satellite NVS-01 into intended orbit" (in en-IN). The Hindu. 2023-05-29. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-launches-gslv-mission-to-deploy-the-nvs-01-navigation-satellite/article66906942.ece. 
  62. ↑ "India's navigation system gets a boost after ISRO successfully launches NVS-01 satellite" (in en). 2023-05-30. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indias-isro-successfully-launches-nvs-01-navigation-satellite-plans-for-chandrayaan-3-and-aditya-l1-missions-101685386977377.html. 
  63. ↑ "Isro's GSLV-F12 successfully places navigation satellite NVS-01". The Times of India. 2023-05-29. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isros-gslv-f12-successfully-places-navigation-satellite-nvs-01/articleshow/100583132.cms. 
  64. ↑ "GSLV-F12/NVS-01 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/GSLV_F12_Landingpage.html. 
  65. ↑ "2024 to be a year of Gaganyaan readiness: ISRO Chairman". New India Express. 2024-01-01. https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/jan/01/2024-to-be-a-year-of-gaganyaan-readiness-isro-chairman-2646795.html. 
  66. ↑ "ISRO Report on Highlights and Issues in Datasets and Products". ISRO. 26 April 2023. https://www.cgms-info.org/Agendas/GetWpFile.ashx?wid=7a49fc94-4517-4fd8-9abe-8c12f68cb5f5&aid=e6f0e59b-8d38-4691-aea1-3f33d881db20. 
  67. ↑ D.S., Madhumathi (2 April 2019). "Starting May, ISRO to launch a string of "defence" satellites". https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/starting-may-isro-to-launch-a-string-of-defence-satellites/article26714439.ece. 
  68. ↑ Krebs, Gunter (10 April 2021). "GISAT 1, 2 (EOS 03, 05)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gisat-1.htm. 
  69. ↑ Mehta, Jatan (19 November 2020). "India's Shukrayaan orbiter to study Venus for over four years, launches in 2024". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/indias-shukrayaan-orbiter-to-study-venus-for-over-four-years-launches-in-2024/. 
  70. ↑ Mukunth, Vasudevan (2023-01-16). "ISRO pushing Venus mission 'Shukrayaan' to 2031?" (in en-IN). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-pushing-venus-mission-shukrayaan-to-2031/article66382110.ece. 
  71. ↑ "ISRO ‘going to have exciting missions’ in 2023, says Chairman Somanath" (in en). 2023-07-30. https://www.livemint.com/science/isro-going-to-have-exciting-missions-in-2023-including-gslv-launch-chairman-somanath-chandrayaan-space-projects-here-11690700558256.html. 
  72. ↑ "Gaganyaan: More than 2 uncrewed missions on cards". https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-more-than-2-uncrewed-missions-on-cards/articleshow/84738013.cms. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Kumar, Chethan (12 March 2021). "Isro aims for 7 more launches from India in 2021". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-aims-for-7-more-launches-from-india-in-2021/articleshow/81455856.cms. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Kumar, Chethan (April 6, 2022). "2 Gaganyaan abort tests in August, December; relay satellites next year" (in en). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-gaganyaan-abort-tests-in-august-december-relay-satellites-next-year/articleshow/90688885.cms. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 D.S., Madhumathi (6 January 2020). "New data relay satellites to keep Gaganyaan crew in touch with Earth". The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-satellites-will-help-gaganyaan-crew/article30496759.ece. 
  76. ↑ "Annual Report, Department of Space 2020-2021". 4 March 2021. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf. "GEV for Orbital Re-entry Experiment (ORE): Launch with 1:8 scale RLV, targeted in first quarter of 2022." 
  77. ↑ "Reusable Launch Vehicle". https://www.vssc.gov.in/Reusable_launch_Vehicle.html. 
  78. ↑ "75 Major Activities of ISRO". https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/azadi-ka-amrit-mahotsav/75-major-events-of-isro-coffee-table-book/coffee_table_book_-_05-02-22_-_fv.pdf. 



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