Astronomy:List of Artemis missions
The Artemis program is a human spaceflight program by the United States . The Artemis program is intended to reestablish a human presence on the Moon for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972; mid-term objectives include establishing an international expedition team, and a sustainable human presence on the Moon. Long-term objectives for Artemis are laying the foundations for the extraction of lunar resources, and eventually making crewed missions to Mars and beyond feasible.
To date, missions in the program are aimed at exploration of the Moon, including crewed and robotic exploration of the lunar surface. Three flights of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle are currently planned for launch in the Artemis program in the early 2020s, beginning with Artemis 1. Before Artemis was named, the flights were referred to as "Orion missions". Numerous supporting scientific and technology demonstration missions are planned for launch under the program's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), in addition to planned and proposed uncrewed logistical missions to construct and resupply the Gateway and its expendable and reusable lunar landers in lunar orbit.
Main missions
Mission | Launch date | Crew | Launch vehicle[lower-alpha 1] | Launch pad | Duration[lower-alpha 2] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EFT-1 |
5 December 2014 | N/A Uncrewed mission |
Delta IV Heavy | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, SLC-37B | 4h24m | |
Exploration Flight Test 1, high apogee high reentry test, carrying an uncrewed Orion capsule on its first spaceflight | ||||||
Artemis 1 |
16 November 2022[1][2] | N/A Uncrewed mission |
SLS Block 1 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | 25.5d | |
Maiden flight of the SLS, formerly "Exploration Mission 1" (EM1), carrying an uncrewed Orion capsule and ten CubeSats selected through several programs.[3] The payloads were sent on a trans-lunar injection trajectory.[4][5] | ||||||
Artemis 2 | September 2025[6] | Reid Wiseman Victor Glover Christina Hammock Koch Jeremy Hansen |
SLS Block 1 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈10d | |
First crewed flight, carrying four crew members on a circumlunar free-return trajectory. | ||||||
Artemis 3 | September 2026[6] | TBA | SLS Block 1 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Carrying Artemis III mission hardware. First lunar landing of the Artemis program.[7] | ||||||
Artemis 4 | September 2028[8] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Second Artemis Lunar landing. Debut of the SLS Block 1B and the Exploration Upper Stage. Co-manifested delivery of the I-HAB module to the Lunar Gateway,[9][10] followed by a crewed lunar landing.[11] | ||||||
Artemis 5 | September 2029[8] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Co-manifested delivery of the ESPRIT Refueling Module to the Lunar Gateway.[12] | ||||||
Artemis 6 | September 2030[8][13] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Artemis 7 | September 2031[8][13] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Artemis 8 | 2032 (presumed)[13] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Artemis 9 (proposed) | 2033 (presumed)[14] | TBA | SLS Block 2 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
Artemis 10 (proposed) | 2034 (presumed) | TBA | SLS Block 2 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | <180d |
Support missions
Technology demonstrations
Launched on 28 June 2022,[15] the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment ("CAPSTONE") mission is a small (25 kg) technology-demonstration spacecraft designed to test a low-energy trans-lunar trajectories and to demonstrate the near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) intended to support lunar polar missions.[16]
Surface missions
The Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program will support the Artemis program by landing several small payloads focused on scouting for lunar resources, in situ resource utilization (ISRU) experiments and lunar science, in preparation for an extended human presence on the lunar surface.[17][18][19]
Mission | Launch date | Operator | Lander | Rover | Launch pad | Launch vehicle[lower-alpha 1] | Duration[lower-alpha 2] | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peregrine Mission One | 8 January 2024 | Astrobotic | Peregrine | Iris | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Vulcan Centaur | ongoing | [20] |
IM-1 | February 2024 | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A | Falcon 9 | [21] | ||
IM-2 | Q2 2024 | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | TBA | Falcon 9 | [22][23] | ||
Blue Ghost M1 | Q3 2024 | Firefly Aerospace | Blue Ghost | TBA | Falcon 9 | ≈2 weeks | [24][25][26] | |
Griffin Mission One | November 2024 | Astrobotic | Griffin | VIPER | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A | Falcon Heavy | ≈100 Earth days | [27][28] |
IM-3 | 2024 | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | Lunar Vertex, CADRE × 4 | TBA | Falcon 9 | ≈9-10 Earth days | [29][30][31] |
TBA | H1 2025 | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | ≈9-10 Earth days | [32] |
TBA | Q4 2025 – Q1 2026 | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | ≈9-10 Earth days | [32] |
ispace Mission 3 | 2026 | ispace / Draper | APEX 1.0 | TBA | TBA | ≈9-10 Earth days | [33][34][35] |
Logistics missions
Uncrewed missions to assemble and resupply the Gateway will be executed as part of the Artemis program.[36]
Launch date | Payload | |
---|---|---|
2025[6] | HLS Uncrewed Lunar Demo | for Artemis 3 |
November 2025[37] | Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) | |
September 2026[6] | HLS Crewed Lunar Demo | |
September 2028[8] | International Habitation Module (I-HAB) | for Artemis 4 |
September 2028[8] | Sustaining HLS Crewed Lunar Demo | |
2028[38] | Dragon XL (GLS-1) | |
September 2029[8] | ESPRIT Refueling Module (ERM) | for Artemis 5 |
2029[8] | GLS-2 | |
September 2030[8] | Crew and Science Airlock module | for Artemis 6 |
September 2030[8] | GLS-3 | |
September 2031[8] | GLS-4 | for Artemis 7 |
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ Wattles, Jackie (November 8, 2022). "NASA's Artemis I mission delayed again as storm barrels toward launch site". Warner Bros Discovery. https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/08/world/nasa-artemis-i-sls-hurricane-tropical-storm-nicole-scn/index.html.
- ↑ "NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch". NASA. 8 November 2022. https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/08/nasa-prepares-rocket-spacecraft-ahead-of-tropical-storm-nicole-re-targets-launch/.
- ↑ Harbaugh, Jennifer (4 October 2021). "All Artemis I Secondary Payloads Installed in Rocket's Orion Stage Adapter". NASA. https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/.
- ↑ Crane, Aimee (11 June 2019). "Artemis 1 Flight Control Team Simulates Mission Scenarios". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/artemis-1-flight-control-team-simulates-mission-scenarios. "...after the Space Launch System performs the Trans-Lunar Injection burn that sends the spacecraft out of Earth orbit and toward the Moon." This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Clark, Stephen (22 July 2019). "First moon-bound Orion crew capsule declared complete, major tests remain". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/22/first-moon-bound-orion-crew-capsule-declared-complete-major-test-campaign-planned-this-fall/. "The Artemis 1 mission profile. Credit: NASA [...] The Artemis 1 mission will send the Orion spacecraft into a distant retrograde lunar orbit and back..."
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Smith, Marcia (9 January 2024). "NASA Delays Next Artemis Missions to 2025 and 2026". SpacePolicyOnline. https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-delays-next-artemis-missions-to-2025-and-2026/.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (9 November 2021). "NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2025". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/nasa-delays-human-lunar-landing-to-at-least-2025/.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 Foust, Jeff (13 March 2023). "NASA planning to spend up to $1 billion on space station deorbit module". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/nasa-planning-to-spend-up-to-1-billion-on-space-station-deorbit-module/.
- ↑ Loff, Sarah (2019-10-15). "NASA Commits to Future Artemis Missions With More SLS Rocket Stages". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-commits-to-future-artemis-missions-with-more-sls-rocket-stages. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ "FY 2022 Budget Estimates – Gateway – Program Projects – International Habitat (I-Hab)". NASA. 6 May 2021. p. 97 (DEXP-67). https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/fy2022_congressional_justification_nasa_budget_request.pdf. "Delivery of I-Hab to the Gateway will be via the SLS Block 1B launch vehicle with Orion providing orbital insertion and docking." This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (30 October 2022). "Lunar landing restored for Artemis 4 mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/lunar-landing-restored-for-artemis-4-mission/.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (20 January 2022). "NASA foresees gap in lunar landings after Artemis 3". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/nasa-foresees-gap-in-lunar-landings-after-artemis-3/.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Foust, Jeff [@jeff_foust] (31 October 2022). "The current Artemis planning manifest, now updated to include a lunar landing on Artemis 4.". https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/1587075677756526598.
- ↑ "NASA Exploration Production and Operations Long-Term Sustainability Request for Information (RFI)". GovTribe. 25 October 2021. p. 5. https://govtribe.com/file/government-file/2021-10-25-epoc-rfi-final-dot-pdf.
- ↑ Dodson, Gerelle (June 28, 2022), "CAPSTONE Launches to Test New Orbit for NASA’s Artemis Moon Missions", NASA RELEASE 22-067. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ Hall, Laura (Apr. 29, 2022). "What is CAPSTONE", NASA. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ NASA taps 3 companies for commercial moon missions William Harwood CBS News 31 May 2019
- ↑ NASA awards contracts to three companies to land payloads on the moon Jeff Foust SpaceNews 31 May 2019
- ↑ "NASA Expands Plans for Moon Exploration: More Missions, More Science". NASA. 30 April 2018. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-expands-plans-for-moon-exploration-more-missions-more-science. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ McCrea, Aaron (8 January 2024). "Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/01/vulcan-launch-peregrine-inaugural-flight/.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (19 December 2023). "Intuitive Machines delays first lunar lander launch to February". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-delays-first-lunar-lander-launch-to-february/.
- ↑ "Falcon 9 Block 5 - PRIME-1 (IM-2)". Next Spaceflight. 4 July 2023. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6828.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (30 January 2023). "Asteroid mining startup AstroForge to launch first missions this year". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/asteroid-mining-startup-astroforge-to-launch-first-missions-this-year/.
- ↑ Alamalhoadei, Aria (6 November 2023). "Firefly’s Blue Ghost lander represents a big bet on a future lunar economy". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/06/fireflys-blue-ghost-lander-represents-a-big-bet-on-a-future-lunar-economy/.
- ↑ "Firefly Completes Integration Readiness Review of its Blue Ghost Lunar Lander". Firefly Aerospace. 26 April 2022. https://firefly.com/firefly-has-completed-the-integration-readiness-review-irr-of-blue-ghost-m1/.
- ↑ "Firefly Aerospace Awards Contract to SpaceX to Launch Blue Ghost Mission to Moon in 2023". Business Wire. 20 May 2021. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210520005731/en/Firefly-Aerospace-Awards-Contract-to-SpaceX-to-Launch-Blue-Ghost-Mission-to-Moon-in-2023.
- ↑ "NASA Replans CLPS Delivery of VIPER to 2024 to Reduce Risk". NASA. 18 July 2022. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-replans-clps-delivery-of-viper-to-2024-to-reduce-risk.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (13 April 2021). "Astrobotic selects Falcon Heavy to launch NASA's VIPER lunar rover". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/astrobotic-selects-falcon-heavy-to-launch-nasas-viper-lunar-rover/.
- ↑ Crain, Timothy (18–20 July 2022). "Commercial Capabilities to Support Lunar Exploration – Intuitive Machines". John Glenn Memorial Symposium. Case Western Reserve University: American Astronautical Society. https://astronautical.org/dev/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Glenn_2022_Crain.pdf. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ↑ "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines to Deliver 4 Lunar Payloads in 2024". Intuitive Machines. 17 November 2021. https://www.intuitivemachines.com/post/nasa-selects-intuitive-machines-to-deliver-4-lunar-payloads-in-2024.
- ↑ "NASA Selects Intuitive Machines for New Lunar Science Delivery". NASA (Press release). 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Amendment 34: Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM) final text and due dates". NASA. 2 September 2021. https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=820831/solicitationId=%7BAD1DEAD1-7060-2C93-8CD1-780AF8FC9D54%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/F.10%20PRISM_Amend34.pdf. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (29 September 2023). "Ispace revises design of lunar lander for NASA CLPS mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/ispace-revises-design-of-lunar-lander-for-nasa-clps-mission/.
- ↑ "ispace - U.S. Announces new U.S. Headquarters, Unveils APEX 1.0 Lunar Lander, Provides Updates on Mission 3". ispace. 29 September 2023. https://ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=4781.
- ↑ "NASA Selects Draper to Fly Research to Far Side of Moon". NASA (Press release). 21 July 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
- ↑ Foust 2019, "After Artemis 3, NASA would launch four additional crewed missions to the lunar surface between 2025 and 2028. Meanwhile, the agency would work to expand the Gateway by launching additional components and crew vehicles and laying the foundation for an eventual Moon base".
- ↑ "Gateway". NASA. 13 July 2023. https://www.nasa.gov/gateway/overview. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Foust, Jeff (24 February 2023). "NASA plans to start work this year on first Gateway logistics mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/nasa-plans-to-start-work-this-year-on-first-gateway-logistics-mission/.
External links
- Artemis program at NASA
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of Artemis missions.
Read more |