Engineering:List of LVM3 launches

From HandWiki
Short description: Launch history of LVM3

This article lists all the previous and planned launches by ISRO using LVM3 rockets. As of December 2025, there have been 9 launches of LVM3, with all of them being successful.

LVM3 M4 lifting off from SDSC SLP, carrying Chandrayaan-3 (2023)

Notable missions

Flight X

Main article: Engineering:Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment
LVM3-X lifting off

The maiden flight of the LVM3 lifted off from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Center on 18 December 2014 at 04:00 UTC.[1] The test had functional boosters, a core stage but carried dummy upper stage whose LOX and LH₂ tanks were filled with LN₂ and GN₂ respectively for simulating weight. It also carried the Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE) that was tested on re-entry.[2]

Just over five minutes into the flight, the rocket ejected CARE at an altitude of 126 kilometres (78 mi), which then descended, controlled by its onboard reaction control system. During the test, CARE's heat shield experienced a peak temperature of around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F). ISRO downlinked launch telemetry during the ballistic coasting phase until the radio black-out to avoid data loss in the event of a failure. At an altitude of around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi), the module's apex cover separated and the parachutes were deployed. CARE splashed down in the Bay of Bengal near the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and was recovered successfully.[3][4][5][6]

Chandrayaan

Following the failure of Phobos-Grunt mission of Roscosmos, it resulted in a complete review of technical aspects connected with the spacecraft, which were also slotted to be used in the proposed Russian lander for Chandrayaan-2. This delayed the lander from Russia and eventually Roscosmos declared its inability to meet up with the revised time of 2015 for its launch on board an uprated GSLV rocket along with an Indian orbiter and rover. ISRO cancelled the Russian agreement and decided to go alone with its project with marginal changes.[7][8]

On 22 July 2019, the LVM3 M1 (GSLV Mk.III M1) rocket lifted off with 3850 kg Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter-Lander composite and successfully injected it into a parking orbit of 169.7 x 45,475 km. This marked the first operational flight of LVM3 after two developmental flights.[9] The apogee of the earth parking orbit is about 6,000 km more than originally envisaged and thereby eliminated one of the seven earth-bound orbit raising manoeuvres. It was attributed to a 15 percentage increase in rocket performance.[10][11] On 14 July 2023, the LVM3 M4 rocket successfully injected the 3900 kg Chandrayaan-3 composite to a parking orbit of 170 x 36,500 km.[12] On 15 November 2023, the Cryogenic Upper Stage (C25) of the LVM3 M4 (NORAD ID: 57321) made an uncontrolled re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere around 9:12 UTC. The impact point is predicted over the North Pacific Ocean and the final ground track did not pass over India.[13][14][15]

OneWeb

Main article: Company:Eutelsat OneWeb
LVM3 M3 OneWeb India-2 Mission

On 21 March 2022, OneWeb announced that it had signed a launch agreement with United States launch provider SpaceX to launch the remaining 1st generation satellites on Falcon 9 rockets, with the first launch expected no earlier than summer 2022.[16][17] On 20 April 2022 OneWeb announced a similar deal with NewSpace India Limited, the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organisation.[18] OneWeb satellites were deployed by LVM3 both on 22 October 2022 and 26 March 2023[19] using a lightly modified version of the satellite dispenser previously used on Soyuz.[20][21]

Post C25 Shut-off Phase Flight Profile for deployment of 36 OneWeb satellites

The first batch of 36 OneWeb Gen-1 satellites weighing a total of 5796 kg was launched onboard LVM3 M2 rocket codenamed OneWeb India-1 Mission on 22 October 2022 and the satellites were injected to a low earth orbit of 601 km altitude and 87.4° inclination on a sequential basis. This constituted the first commercial mission and the first multi-satellite mission to low earth orbit of the rocket, marking its entry to global commercial launch service market. The separation of satellites involved a unique maneuver of the cryogenic stage to undergo several re-orientation and velocity additions covering 9 phases spanning 75 minutes.[22][23]

On 26 March 2023, codenamed OneWeb India-2 Mission, the second batch of 36 satellites was launched onboard LVM3 M3 and injected to an altitude of 450 km with same inclination. The launch featured a white cryogenic stage which takes into account environmental-friendly manufacturing processes, better insulation properties and the use of lightweight materials.[24][25]

Statistics

<section begin=Statistics/> LVM3 has accumulated a total of 9 launches, as of 24 December 2025. Of these, all 9 have been successful, giving it a cumulative success rate of 100%. Script error: No such module "Chart".

Decade-wise summary of LVM3 launches
Decade Successful Partial success Failure Total
2010s 4 0 0 4[26]
2020s 5 0 0 5
Total 9 0 0 9

<section end=Statistics/>

Launch history

2014–2019

Date/Time
(UTC)
 Payload Launch site Regime Status
Flight Number Operator Function
Remarks
18 December 2014
4:00 		India CARE
3,775 kg (8,322 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP Sub-orbital Success
LVM3-X ISRO Sub-orbital test of Re-entry Module
Sub-orbital developmental test flight with a non-functional cryogenic stage. The CARE module separated from the launch vehicle at an intended altitude of 126 km at a speed of 5.3 km/s. The launch validated the ignition, performance and separation aspects of S200 and L110 stages.[27][28][29]
5 June 2017
11:58 		India GSAT-19
3,136 kg (6,914 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Success
LVM3-D1 INSAT Communication
First developmental test launch with an operational cryogenic engine. The satellite was successfully injected to a parking orbit of 170 x 35,975 km with 21.5° inclination. The launch featured an ogive fairing and slanted nose cones on S200 stages to improve aerodynamic performance.[30][31][32]
14 November 2018
11:38 		India GSAT-29
3,423 kg (7,546 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Success
LVM3-D2 INSAT Communication
Second developmental test flight in full operational configuration. The satellite was successfully injected to an elongated parking orbit of 190 x 35,975 km with 21.5° inclination. L110 core used upgraded High Thrust Vikas Engines (HTVE). Developmental test flights of the rocket has completed.[33][34][35]
22 July 2019
09:13 		India Chandrayaan-2
3,850 kg (8,490 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP EPO Success
LVM3-M1 ISRO Lunar Composite
First operational launch of the rocket and successfully injected a lunar Orbiter-Lander-Rover composite spacecraft to a parking orbit of 169.7 x 45,475 km. Chairman stated a 15 percentage increment in vehicle performance which eliminated one of the scheduled seven earth-bound orbit raising burns.[11][36][37]

2020–2029

Date/Time
(UTC)
 Payload (& Mass) Launch site Regime Status
Flight Number Operator Function
Remarks
22 October 2022
18:37 		United Kingdom 36 x OneWeb Gen-1
5,796 kg (12,778 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Success
LVM3-M2 OneWeb Broadband Internet
First commercial launch of the rocket under NSIL and its first multi-satellite mission to low earth orbit of 601 km. The cryogenic stage performed multiple reorientation and velocity addition maneuvers to sequentially dispose the satellites. The rocket made its entry to global commercial launch service market.[22][38][23]
26 March 2023
03:30 		United Kingdom 36 x OneWeb Gen-1
5,805 kg (12,798 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Success
LVM3-M3 OneWeb Broadband Internet
Second batch of 36 OneWeb Gen-1 satellites launched successfully to low earth orbit of 450 km with 87.4° inclination. The launch featured a white cryogenic stage (C25) which has more environmental-friendly manufacturing processes, better insulation properties and the use of lightweight materials.[25][24][39]
14 July 2023
09:05 		India Chandrayaan-3
3,895 kg (8,587 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP EPO Success
LVM3-M4 ISRO Lunar Composite
The rocket successfully injected a lunar composite spacecraft of Propulsion Module-Lander-Rover into an elliptical parking orbit of 170 x 36,500 km. On 15 November, the Cryogenic Upper Stage of the rocket made an uncontrolled re-entry around 9:12 UTC over the North Pacific Ocean.[40][41][42]
2 November 2025
11:56 		India GSAT-7R (CMS-03)
4,400 kg (9,700 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Success
LVM3-M5 INSAT Communication
With a mass of 4.4 tonnes, GSAT-7R is the heaviest geostationary satellite to be launched on LVM3 by ISRO. After Separation of GSAT-7R, LVM3's CE-20 upper stage engine reignited for the second burn for the first time. Replacement satellite for GSAT-7.[43]
24 December 2025
03:25 		United States BlueBird Block 2
6,100 kg (13,400 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Success
LVM3-M6 AST SpaceMobile Communication
Commercial launch under NSIL.[44] Cellphone-compatible broadband constellation. The next-generation BlueBird Block 2 satellite delivers 10x the bandwidth of BlueBird Block 1 satellites, allowing continuous cellular broadband service coverage. It will feature a ~2,400 sq ft (220 m2) communications array, the largest ever developed commercially.[45] Following launch, the payload fairing washed up off the coast of Sampur, Trincomalee In Sri Lanka.[46]

Future launches

Date/Time
(UTC)
 Payload Launch site Regime Status
Flight Number Operator Function
Remarks
Q2 2026 India GSAT-32 (GSAT-N3) Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Planned
INSAT Communication
[43]
NET 2027 India GSAT-22 Satish Dhawan- SLP GTO Planned
INSAT Communication
[43]
NET 2027 India GSAT-23 Satish Dhawan- SLP GTO Planned
INSAT Communication
[43]
NET 2027 India Chandrayaan-4 Propulsion Module
Chandrayaan-4 Lander Module
Chandrayaan-4 Ascender Module 		Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Planned
LVM3 SC ISRO Lunar Composite
[47][48][49]
NET 2027 India Chandrayaan-4 Transfer Module
Chandrayaan-4 Re-entry Module 		Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Planned
LVM3 SC ISRO Lunar Composite
[47][48][49]
29 March 2028 India Venus Orbiter Mission Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Planned
ISRO
[50][51][52]
NET 2030[53][54] India Mars Lander Mission Satish Dhawan - SLP GTO Planned
ISRO
[55][56][57]
NET 2028 India BAS-B1[58]
9,186 kg (20,252 lb) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Scheduled
ISRO Space Station
First module launch of Bharatiya Antariksh Station.[58]
2028-30 India NVS-06 (IRNSS-1O)
NVS-07 (IRNSS-1P)
NVS-08 (IRNSS-1Q)
NVS-09 (IRNSS-1R) 		Satish Dhawan - SLP Planned
ISRO
[59][60][61]
NET 2030 India BAS-B2[62][63] Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Scheduled
ISRO Space Station
Second module launch of Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
NET 2031-32 India Lunar Navcom × 3 Satish Dhawan - SLP Selenocentric Planned
ISRO
First of Two launches carrying 3 satellites for Lunar Navcom Data Relay and Navigation satellite.[64][65]
NET 2031-32 India Lunar Navcom × 3 Satish Dhawan - SLP Selenocentric Planned
ISRO
Second of Two launches carrying 3 satellites for Lunar Navcom Data Relay and Navigation satellite.[66][67]
NET 2032 India BAS-B5[62][68] Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Scheduled
ISRO Space Station
Fifth module launch of Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
NET 2033 India BAS-B3[62][69] Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Scheduled
ISRO Space Station
Third module launch of Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
NET 2034 India BAS-B4[62][70] Satish Dhawan - SLP LEO Scheduled
ISRO Space Station
Fourth module launch of Bharatiya Antariksh Station.

Human-rated missions

Further information: Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
Launch Log
Date/Time
(UTC)
 Payload Launch site Regime Status
Flight Number Operator Function
Remarks
Orbital Test Flights
January 2026[71] India G1[72] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO Integration and testing
HLVM3 ISRO Test flight
The seventh operational flight of the LVM3 rocket and the first test flight of the Gaganyaan capsule . The spacecraft will be launched into an orbit of 170×408 km, perform a circularization burn, and test re-entry and recovery sequences in ocean waters .The spacecraft will carry the Humanoid robot Vyommitra, accompanied by scientific payloads including fruit flies to simulate the effects of radiation exposure and microgravity on the human body. During the flight various experiments will be carried out for future crewed missions. Currently the capsule is in the final stages of integration and validation and the launch is expected in late early 2026.[73]
NET 2026[74] India G2[72] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO Planned
HLVM3 ISRO Test flight
Second orbital test flight of Gaganyaan spacecraft.[73]
NET 2026[74] India G3[72] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO Planned
HLVM3 ISRO Test flight
Third orbital test flight of Gaganyaan spacecraft.[75]
Crewed Flights
Q1 2027[74] India H1[72] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO Planned
HLVM3 ISRO Crewed mission
First crewed flight of Gaganyaan spacecraft, carrying one to three Indian astronauts on a short orbital test flight.[76][77] Launch mass is 7,800 kg (17,200 lb) with service module, capsule's mass is 3,735 kg (8,234 lb).[78][79]
TBA India H2[58] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO Scheduled
HLVM3 ISRO
Second crewed flight of Gaganyaan spacecraft, carrying one to three Indian astronauts on a short orbital test flight.[58] Launch mass is 7,800 kg (17,200 lb) with service module, capsule's mass is 3,735 kg (8,234 lb).[78][79]
Cargo Flights
TBA India G4[58] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO (ISS) Scheduled
HLVM3 ISRO Resupply Spacecraft
ISRO’s first ISS cargo resupply mission.[58]
TBA India G5[58] LP2 - SDSC SHAR LEO (BAS) Scheduled
HLVM3 ISRO Resupply Spacecraft
ISRO’s first BAS cargo resupply mission.[58]

<section begin=Gallery/>

<section end=Gallery/>

See also

References

  1. ↑ "India launches largest rocket and unmanned capsule". 8 December 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30527602. 
  2. ↑ "ISRO inches closer to manned mission". The Times of India. 10 January 2014. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Isro-inches-closer-to-manned-mission/articleshow/28609291.cms. "We will be checking the crew capsule for all parameters." 
  3. ↑ "ISRO's unmanned crew module reaches Chennai". Wayback Machine. 21 December 2014. http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isros-unmanned-crew-module-reaches-chennai/article6713050.ece. 
  4. ↑ As it happened: Isro's launch of India's heaviest rocket Times of India 18 December 2014
  5. ↑ Sangeetha Kandavel (18 December 2014). "GSLV Mark III takes to the skies in test flight". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/india-successfully-test-fires-gslv-markiii-its-heaviest-rocket/article6703691.ece?homepage=true. 
  6. ↑ "Isro to test GSLV Mk-III, crew module on December 18". The Times of India. 10 December 2014. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Isro-to-test-GSLV-Mk-III-crew-module-on-December-18/articleshow/45444522.cms. 
  7. ↑ "Chandrayaan-2: India to go it alone" (in en-IN). The Hindu. 2013-01-21. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chandrayaan2-india-to-go-it-alone/article4329844.ece. 
  8. ↑ "Chandrayaan-2". https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=98239. 
  9. ↑ "Chandrayaan-2". https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan2_science.html. 
  10. ↑ Prasad, R. (2019-07-25). "Chandrayaan-2: GSLV Mark III-M1 vehicle reduces number of orbit-raising exercises, saves fuel" (in en-IN). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-2-gslv-mark-iii-m1-vehicle-reduces-number-of-orbit-raising-exercises-saves-fuel/article28707851.ece. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Chandrayaan-2: Off to the moon" (in en). 2019-07-23. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chandrayaan-2-isro-sriharikota-gslv-mkiii-pragyan-off-to-the-moon-south-pole-landing-5843243/. 
  12. ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (2023-07-10). "Chandrayaan-3: A complete guide to India's third mission to the moon" (in en-US). https://www.space.com/chandrayaan-3-indian-moon-mission-rover. 
  13. ↑ "Technical details for satellite GSLV R/B". https://www.n2yo.com//satellite/?s=57321. 
  14. ↑ "Cryogenic upper stage of Chandrayaan-3's launch vehicle makes uncontrolled re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere" (in en-IN). The Hindu. 2023-11-15. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/part-of-chandrayaan-3-launch-vehicle-makes-uncontrolled-re-entry-into-earths-atmosphere-isro/article67537794.ece. 
  15. ↑ "Cryogenic upper stage LVM-3 that launched Chandrayaan-3 makes re-entry". The Times of India. 2023-11-17. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cryo-upper-stage-lvm-3-that-launched-chandrayaan-3-makes-re-entry/articleshow/105250654.cms. 
  16. ↑ "OneWeb agrees satellite programme with SpaceX" (in en). 21 March 2022. https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-resume-satellite-launches-through-agreement-spacex. 
  17. ↑ Michael Sheetz [@thesheetztweetz]. "On the sidelines of #SATShow, OneWeb senior advisor Ruth Pritchard-Kelly tells press that the "soonest" the first launch with SpaceX can happen "would be this summer." "But we don't know yet" a more specific timeframe.". https://twitter.com/thesheetztweetz/status/1505918153666220036.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  18. ↑ "OneWeb agrees satellite launch programme with New Space India" (in en). 20 April 2022. https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-agrees-satellite-launch-programme-new-space-india. 
  19. ↑ "Successful launch of 36 OneWeb Satellites with ISRO/NSIL marks key milestone to enable global connectivity". OneWeb. 27 March 2023. https://oneweb.net/resources/successful-launch-36-oneweb-satellites-isronsil-marks-key-milestone-enable-global. 
  20. ↑ Graham, William (2022-10-22). "OneWeb resumes launches with first commercial GSLV Mk.III" (in en-US). https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/oneweb-gslv-mk-iii/. 
  21. ↑ U, Tejonmayam (23 October 2022). "Isro's heaviest rocket successfully places 36 OneWeb satellites into orbits" (in en). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isros-heaviest-rocket-successfully-places-36-oneweb-satellites-into-orbits/articleshow/95039625.cms. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "LVM3 M2 / OneWeb India-1 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/LVM3M2MissionLandingPage.html#. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "36-oneweb-satellites-successfully-launched-isro-nsil-sriharikota". 23 October 2022. https://oneweb.net/resources/36-oneweb-satellites-successfully-launched-isro-nsil-sriharikota. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "LVM3-M3 / OneWeb India-2 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/LVM3M3MissionLandingPage.html. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "ISRO's C25 cryogenic stage now sports white, ditches black; What's the science behind it?". https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isros-c25-cryogenic-stage-now-sports-white-ditches-black-whats-the-science-behind-it-575318/amp. 
  26. ↑ "GSLV MkIII-D2 successfully launches GSAT-29". ISRO. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/14-nov-2018/gslv-mkiii-d2-successfully-launches-gsat-29. 
  27. ↑ "Crew module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE)". https://www.isro.gov.in/CARE.html. 
  28. ↑ "LVM-3/CARE Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_GSLVMkIIILVM3.html. 
  29. ↑ "The Space Review: India's heavy-lift rocket and crew module milestones: which is more important?". https://www.thespacereview.com/article/2667/1. 
  30. ↑ "GSAT-19". https://www.isro.gov.in/GSAT_19.html. 
  31. ↑ "GSAT-19 – GSLV Mk.III D1 | Spaceflight101" (in en-US). https://spaceflight101.com/gslv-mk3-d1/gsat-19/. 
  32. ↑ "India launches GSAT-19 from its new, heaviest rocket". The Economic Times. 2017-06-05. ISSN 0013-0389. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/india-launches-gsat-19-from-its-new-heaviest-rocket/articleshow/59002009.cms. 
  33. ↑ The Hindu Net Desk (2018-11-15). "All you need to know about GSLV Mk III - D2/GSAT-29 Mission" (in en-IN). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/all-you-need-to-know-about-gslv-mk-iii-d2gsat-29-mission/article25505029.ece. 
  34. ↑ "GSLV Mk III-D2 / GSAT-29 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_GSLVMkIIID2.html. 
  35. ↑ "Successful Qualification of High Thrust Vikas Engine - ISRO". 2019-07-09. https://www.isro.gov.in/update/15-jul-2018/successful-qualification-of-high-thrust-vikas-engine. 
  36. ↑ "GSLV-Mk III - M1 / Chandrayaan-2 Mission". https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_GSLVMkIIIM1.html. 
  37. ↑ "GSLV MkIII-M1 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft". https://www.isro.gov.in/Press%20Release5.html. 
  38. ↑ Kabir, Radifah (2022-10-23). "OneWeb India-1 Mission: ISRO's Heaviest Rocket Successfully Launches 36 Satellites Into Orbit" (in en). https://news.abplive.com/science/oneweb-india-1-mission-isro-s-heaviest-rocket-successfully-launches-36-satellites-into-orbit-all-about-it-1559517. 
  39. ↑ "Successful-launch-36-oneweb-satellites-isronsil-marks-key-milestone-enable-global". 27 March 2023. http://oneweb.net/resources/successful-launch-36-oneweb-satellites-isronsil-marks-key-milestone-enable-global. 
  40. ↑ "Chandrayaan-3". https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html. 
  41. ↑ Linganna, Girish (2023-11-17). "Uncharted Re-entry: Chandrayaan-3's rocket LVM3 M4's Cryogenic Stage's Uncontrolled Re-entry" (in en). https://frontierindia.com/uncharted-re-entry-chandrayaan-3s-rocket-lvm3-m4s-cryogenic-stages-uncontrolled-re-entry/. 
  42. ↑ "Chandrayaan-3: India's historic Moon mission lifts off successfully" (in en-GB). 2023-07-13. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66185565. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 "Annual report 2020-2021". https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf. 
  44. ↑ "Integrated Launch Manifesto for 2023-24 (Q4) & 2024-25". NSIL. 2024-02-08. https://www.inspace.gov.in/sys_attachment.do?sys_id=19a5f4ec8798461082e163d70cbb3571. 
  45. ↑ Rainbow, Jason (2024-11-15). "AST SpaceMobile leans on Blue Origin to ramp up satellite launches" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/ast-spacemobile-leans-on-blue-origin-to-ramp-up-satellite-launches/. 
  46. ↑ "Debris from India's LVM3 rocket launch found on Sri Lanka's beach. See pics" (in en). 2025-12-30. https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/debris-from-indias-lvm3-rocket-launch-found-on-sri-lankas-beach-see-pics-2843814-2025-12-30. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Chandrayaan-4: India's next moon mission which will be launched in 2 phases". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/chandrayaan-4-to-be-launched-in-2-phases-in-2028/articleshow/108328326.cms. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "Chandrayaan-4 will be launched in two phases, both LVM-3, PSLV to be used" (in en). 6 March 2024. https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/chandrayaan-4-will-be-launched-in-two-phases-both-lvm-3-pslv-to-be-used-2511197-2024-03-06. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Chandrayaan-4 mission in 'process of developing', says ISRO chairman". The Economic Times. 2024-04-10. ISSN 0013-0389. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/chandrayaan-4-mission-in-process-of-developing-says-isro-chairman/articleshow/109169775.cms. 
  50. ↑ "All about Sukrayaan 1: ISRO's mission to Venus" (in en). 2023-09-29. https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/all-about-sukrayaan-1-isros-mission-to-venus-101695981482229.html. 
  51. ↑ ""Venus mission already configured...": ISRO chairman Somanath". The Times of India. 2023-09-27. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/venus-mission-already-configured-isro-chairman-somanath/articleshow/103980065.cms. 
  52. ↑ "ISRO SYNERGISES NATIONAL EFFORTS TO STUDY PLANET VENUS". https://www.isro.gov.in/PLANETVENUS.html. 
  53. ↑ "ISRO To Launch Mangalyaan-2 Mission In 2030" (in en). 2025-11-06. https://news.abplive.com/science/isro-to-launch-mangalyaan-2-in-2030-1810090. 
  54. ↑ "ISRO confirms Mangalyaan-2 Mission: India to attempt first Mars landing in 2030" (in en). 2025-11-06. https://www.indiatvnews.com/science/isro-confirms-mangalyaan-2-mission-india-to-attempt-first-mars-landing-in-2030-2025-11-06-1016099. 
  55. ↑ "Mangalyaan-2: ISRO working on the second mission to Mars nine years after MOM's success" (in en). 2023-10-02. https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/mangalyaan-2-isro-working-on-the-second-mission-to-mars-nine-years-after-moms-success-400360-2023-10-02. 
  56. ↑ "Mangalyaan-2 Mission: ISRO to deploy 4 powerful payloads" (in en). 2023-10-21. https://tech.hindustantimes.com/photos/mangalyaan2-mission-isro-to-deploy-4-powerful-payloads-71697901153602.html. 
  57. ↑ "India once again sets sights on Mars, readies to launch Mangalyaan-2" (in en-us). 2023-10-02. https://www.wionews.com/science/india-once-again-sets-sight-on-mars-readies-to-launch-mangalyaan-2-641709. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.7 "Moon Monday #183 and Indian Space Progress #17: The one where Chandrayaan and Gaganyaan converge" (in en). 2024-07-08. https://jatan.space/moon-monday-issue-183/. 
  59. ↑ "All about Sukrayaan 1: ISRO's mission to Venus" (in en). 2023-09-29. https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/all-about-sukrayaan-1-isros-mission-to-venus-101695981482229.html. 
  60. ↑ ""Venus mission already configured...": ISRO chairman Somanath". The Times of India. 2023-09-27. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/venus-mission-already-configured-isro-chairman-somanath/articleshow/103980065.cms. 
  61. ↑ "ISRO SYNERGISES NATIONAL EFFORTS TO STUDY PLANET VENUS". https://www.isro.gov.in/PLANETVENUS.html. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 "Indian Launch Manifest". Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive. https://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/india-man.txt. 
  63. ↑ "Indian Space Launch Plan". Novosti Kosmonavtiki. https://forum.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/index.php?topic=9564.1320. 
  64. ↑ "Recently, we got a detailed look at ISRO's roadmap for India's Human Moon Landing Programme! 🇮🇳🌖 It involves a series of uncrewed Chandrayaan landings between 2027-2037 + the establishment of a communication relay network around Moon, before the first crewed Lunar missions starting in 2038-39, with the first Indians setting foot on the Moon in 2040! 👣 Check out our graphic below to learn about each of the milestones on this roadmap and their tentative timelines 👇". X (formerly Twitter). https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1954150232402354248?t=zsRS2R4GPPfLvATwaRJPeA&s=19. 
  65. ↑ "Indian Space Launch Plan". Novosti Kosmonavtiki. https://forum.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/index.php?topic=9564.1340. 
  66. ↑ "Recently, we got a detailed look at ISRO's roadmap for India's Human Moon Landing Programme! 🇮🇳🌖 It involves a series of uncrewed Chandrayaan landings between 2027-2037 + the establishment of a communication relay network around Moon, before the first crewed Lunar missions starting in 2038-39, with the first Indians setting foot on the Moon in 2040! 👣 Check out our graphic below to learn about each of the milestones on this roadmap and their tentative timelines 👇". X (formerly Twitter). https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1954150232402354248?t=zsRS2R4GPPfLvATwaRJPeA&s=19. 
  67. ↑ "Indian Space Launch Plan". Novosti Kosmonavtiki. https://forum.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/index.php?topic=9564.1340. 
  68. ↑ "Indian Space Launch Plan". Novosti Kosmonavtiki. https://forum.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/index.php?topic=9564.1320. 
  69. ↑ "Indian Space Launch Plan". Novosti Kosmonavtiki. https://forum.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/index.php?topic=9564.1320. 
  70. ↑ "Indian Space Launch Plan". Novosti Kosmonavtiki. https://forum.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/index.php?topic=9564.1320. 
  71. ↑ "ISRO now aiming to launch Gaganyaan G1 mission in Jan 2026" (in en-US). 2025-11-11. https://www.news9live.com/science/isro-now-aiming-to-launch-gaganyaan-g1-mission-in-jan-2026-2903478. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 "Space Assigned Numbers Authority (SANA)". https://sanaregistry.org/r/spacecraft/records/1495. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "Gaganyaan's First Test Abort Flight in May; Space Mission 'High Priority Activity', Lok Sabha Told" (in en). 2023-03-16. https://www.news18.com/india/gaganyaans-first-test-abort-flight-in-may-space-mission-high-priority-activity-lok-sabha-told-7303555.html. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 "India's first space station unit is just 4 years ahead: ISRO chief S Somanath". https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/02/28/space-station-unit-bharatiya-anatariksha-s-somanath-isro-satellite.html. 
  75. ↑ "Prime Minister reviews readiness of Gaganyaan Mission" (in en). http://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1968368. 
  76. ↑ "Gaganyaan: ISRO to Launch First Full-Scale Unmanned Mission in February Next Year". 23 April 2023. https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2023/apr/22/gaganyaan-isro-to-launch-first-full-scale-unmanned-mission-in-february-next-year-2568391.html. 
  77. ↑ "India Launches Chandrayaan-2 Moon Mission". 22 July 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/world/asia/chandrayaan-india-moon-launch.html. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Indian Manned Spacecraft. Astronautix. 2014.
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 "Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S Somanath and R Umamaheshwaran". AstrotalkUK. October 24, 2019. https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-90-an-update-on-isros-activities-with-s-somanath-and-r-umamaheshwaran/. 

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