Biology:Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes

Short description: Classification of bony fishes according to evolutionary history

The phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is a phylogenetic classification of bony fishes and is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes. Bony fishes belong to the clade Osteichthyes, which is a subgroup of the jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). The first version was published in 2013 and resolved 66 orders. The latest version (version 4) was published in 2017 and recognised 72 orders and 79 suborders.

Phylogeny

The following cladograms show the phylogeny of the Osteichthyes down to order level, with the number of families in parentheses.

Osteichthyes

Sarcopterygii Actinista Coelacanthiformes (1) — coelacanths   Dipnotetrapodomorpha Dipnomorpha Ceratodontiformes (3) — lungfishes     Tetrapodomorpha — tetrapods     (lobe‑finned fishes) Actinopterygii   Cladistia   Polypteriformes (1) — bichirs         Chondrostei   Acipenseriformes (2) — paddlefishes and sturgeons     Neopterygii Holostei   Amiiformes (1) — bowfins     Lepisosteiformes (1) — gars     Teleostei Elopomorpha   Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons       Anguilliformes — eels       Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels     Albuliformes — bonefishes         Osteoglossocephalai Osteoglossomorpha   Hiodontiformes (1) — mooneyes     Osteoglossiformes (5) — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas     Clupeocephala Otomorpha   Clupeiformes (5) — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)     Alepocephali Alepocephaliformes (2) — slickheads, tubeshoulders   Ostariophysi   Gonorynchiformes (3) — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads   Otophysa   Cypriniformes (24) — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives       Characiformes (23) — characins (including tetras and piranhas)       Gymnotiformes (5) — Neotropical knifefishes     Siluriformes (41) — catfishes       (=Otophysi)     (=Otocephala) Euteleosteomorpha   Lepidogalaxiiformes (1) — salamanderfishes       Protacanthopterygii   Argentiniformes (4) — marine smelts       Galaxiiformes (1) — galaxids       Esociformes (2) — pikes, mudminnows     Salmoniformes (1) — trout, salmon, and whitefish             Stomiati   Osmeriformes (4) — freshwater smelts     Stomiiformes (4) — dragonfishes     Neoteleostei   Ateleopodiformes (1) — jellynose fishes   Eurypterygii Cyclosquamata Aulopiformes (17) — lizardfishes   Ctenosquamata   Myctophiformes (2) — lanternfishes, blackchins   Acanthomorphata spiny-rayed fishes (43 orders, see below) (=Acanthomorpha)           (=Euteleostei)           (ray‑finned fishes)

The 43 orders of spiny-rayed fishes are related as follows:

Acanthomorphata

Lampriformes (6) — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)   Paracanthopterygii   Percopsiformes (3) — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes       Zeiformes (6) — dories       Stylephoriformes (1) — tube-eyes or thread-tails     Gadiformes (12) — cods and hakes             Polymixiipterygii Polymixiiformes (1) — beardfishes   Acanthopterygii       Trachichthyiformes (5) — roughies     Beryciformes (8) — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc           Holocentriformes (1) — squirrelfishes   Percomorphaceae   Ophidiaria Ophidiiformes (1) — cusk-eels         Batrachoidaria Batrachoidiformes (1) — toadfishes         Pelagiaria Scombriformes (17) — mackerels   Syngnatharia Syngnathiformes (10) — pipefishes and seahorses         Gobiaria   Kurtiformes (2) — nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes     Gobiiformes (9) — gobies             Anabantaria   Synbranchiformes (4) — swamp eels     Anabantiformes (7) — labyrinth fishes     Carangaria   Carangiformes* (5) — jacks     Istiophoriformes (2) — barracudas, swordfishes and billfishes     Pleuronectiformes (14) — flatfishes       incertae sedis (Lactariidae, Menidae, Polynemidae)       Carangiformes 1 (Nematistiidae, Rachycentridae, Coryphaenidae, Echeneidae)       incertae sedis (Sphyraenidae)           incertae sedis (Leptobramidae, Toxotidae)     Istiophoriformes       Carangiformes 2 (Carangidae)         incertae sedis (Centropomidae)     Pleuronectiformes             (7 families incertae sedis)     Ovalentaria   Cichlomorphae Cichliformes (2) — cichlids   Atherinomorphae   Beloniformes (5) — needlefishes       Cyprinodontiformes (10) — killifishes     Atheriniformes (10) — silversides           Mugilomorphae Mugiliformes (1) — mullets   Blenniimorphae   Gobiesociformes (1) — clingfishes     Blenniiformes (6) — blennies       (9 families incertae sedis)       Eupercaria   Gerreiformes (1) —         Uranoscopiformes (4) —     Labriformes (1) — wrasses and relatives           Ephippiformes (2) —         Chaetodontiformes (2) — butterflyfishes and ponyfishes       Acanthuriformes (3) — surgeonfishes and relatives     Lutjaniformes (2) — snappers and grunts             Lobotiformes (3) —     Spariformes (3) — breams and porgies         Priacanthiformes (2) — bigeyes and bandfishes       Caproiformes (1) — boarfishes       Lophiiformes (18) — anglerfishes     Tetraodontiformes (10) — plectognaths                     Pempheriformes (17) —     Centrarchiformes (19) —       Perciformes (61) — perches, mail-cheeked fishes (includes former Scorpaeniformes, Cottiformes, and Trachiniformes)         (14 families incertae sedis)           (=Percomorpha)

(spiny‑rayed fishes)

External links

• www.deepfin.org - Phylogeny of all Fishes (redirects to https://sites.google.com/site/guilleorti/home)