Biology:Teleosteomorpha

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Teleosteomorpha
Temporal range: Middle Triassic–present
Thunnus maccoyii.jpg
Thunnus maccoyii, a teleost
Vinctifer comptoni (fossil fish) (Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous; northeastern Brazil) 1 (32939649574).jpg
Vinctifer comptoni, an aspidorhynchiform
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleosteomorpha
Arratia, 2001
Subdivisions

Others, see text

Teleosteomorpha is a clade of ray-finned fishes containing all teleost fish and their closest extinct relatives.[1] Also in this group are the Aspidorhynchei, which is composed of two dominant Mesozoic fish orders, the Aspidorhynchiformes and the Pachycormiformes.[2] Several other non-teleostomorph teleosteans existed throughout the Mesozoic, although not as dominant as the two main clades in the group.

Shared morphological features of this group include a autosphenotic bone lacking a dermal component, the lack of a canal bearing part of the antorbital bone, the lack of vertebral centra fused into the occipital condyle in adult individuals, and each hypural (caudal fin support) being articulated with caudal rays.[3]

The oldest known teleosteomorph is Prohalecites from the Triassic of Italy.[2] The last surviving non-teleostean teleosteomorph was Belonostomus, which survived into the Late Paleocene.

Taxonomy

Teleosteomorpha contains both the smallest (Paedocypris progenetica, above) and the largest (Leedsichthys problematicus, below) known ray-finned fish to have ever existed.

Where applicable, taxonomic order is based on the 5th edition of Fishes of the World:[2]

References

  1. ↑ Arratia, Gloria (2001-12-14). "The sister-group of Teleostei: consensus and disagreements" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 (4): 767–773. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0767:TSGOTC2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282001%29021%5B0767%3ATSGOTC%5D2.0.CO%3B2. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016-02-22). Fishes of the World. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119174844. 
  3. ↑ Arratia, Gloria (2017-03-04). "New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 (2): e1312690. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2017JVPal..37E2690A. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Arratia, G.; Schultze, H.-P. (2024). "The oldest teleosts (Teleosteomorpha): their early taxonomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversification during the Triassic". Fossil Record 27 (1): 29–53. doi:10.3897/fr.27.115970. 
  5. ↑ Schultze, Hans-Peter; Arratia, Gloria; Hauschke, Norbert; Wilde, Volker (2022). "Osteichthyan Fishes from the uppermost Norian (Triassic) of the Fuchsberg near Seinstedt, Lower Saxony (Germany)" (in en). Diversity 14 (11): 901. doi:10.3390/d14110901. ISSN 1424-2818. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sferco, Emilia; López-Arbarello, Adriana; Báez, Ana María (2015-12-03). "Phylogenetic relationships of †Luisiella feruglioi (Bordas) and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana". BMC Evolutionary Biology 15 (1): 268. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0551-6. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 26630925. Bibcode: 2015BMCEE..15..268S. 
  7. ↑ In ITIS, Gobiesociformes is placed as the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Perciformes.
  8. ↑ In ITIS, Syngnathiformes is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order Gasterosteiformes.

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