Chemistry:Gray death
Gray death is a slang term which refers to a potent mixture of synthetic opioids, for example benzimidazole opioids or fentanyl analogues, often sold on the street misleadingly as "heroin". However, other substances such as cocaine have also been laced with opioids that resulted in illness and death.
Etymology
The first batch of gray death had a characteristic gray color.[1]
Detected samples
Samples have been found to contain heroin, fentanyl, carfentanil, and the designer drug U-47700.[2] A mixture of drugs misleadingly called 2C-B had been found to contain fentanyl in Argentina .[3]
Deaths
In February 2022, 24 people in Argentina died after using cocaine laced with carfentanil.[4]
Dangers
As with other illicit narcotics, gray death carries a higher risk of serious adverse effects than prescribed opioids due to the unknown and inconsistent composition of the product.[5] As such, even experienced opioid users risk serious injury or death when taking this drug mixture.[6]
Treatment
Reversing a gray death overdose may require multiple doses of naloxone. By contrast, an overdose from morphine or from high-purity heroin would ordinarily need only one dose.[5] This difficulty is regularly encountered when treating overdoses of high-affinity opioids in the fentanyl chemical family or with buprenorphine. The greater affinity of these substances for the μ-opioid receptor impedes the activity of naloxone, which is an antagonist at the receptor. Increasing the dosage of naloxone or its frequency of administration may be required to counteract respiratory depression.
History
The substance first appeared in America and was thought to be a unique chemical compound before being identified as a mixture of drugs.[7]
See also
- List of opioids
- List of designer drugs
- Opioid epidemic in the United States
- Mickey Finn (drugs)
- Whoonga
References
- ↑ "Gray Death Drug Addiction in Ohio: What You Need to Know - GTBH Ohio". 15 July 2021. https://www.gbhoh.com/gray-death-drug/.
- ↑ Lehman, Pamela. "Bethlehem police find first case of deadly drug known as 'gray death'". http://www.McCall.com/news/breaking/mc-gray-death-heroin-bethlehem-20170509-story.html.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ "Fentanyl and 2CB, Worrying New Cocktail on Colombia's Party Circuit". 20 July 2021. https://insightcrime.org/news/fentanyl-2cb-worrying-new-cocktail-colombia-party-circuit/.
- ↑ "Cocaína 'envenenada' que causou mortes na Argentina tinha anestésico para elefantes" (in pt-br). G1. https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2022/02/10/cocaina-envenenada-que-causou-mortes-na-argentina-tinha-anestesico-para-elefantes.ghtml.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Welsh-Huggins, Andrew (8 May 2017). "A dangerous mix of opioids called 'gray death' is causing overdoses in parts of the US". http://www.businessinsider.com/gray-death-opioids-overdoses.
- ↑ Patterson, Eric. "Gray Death: The New Killer on the Street". https://drugabuse.com/library/gray-death-heroin-crisis/.
- ↑ Nedelman, Michael (13 May 2017). "'Grey death': A powerful new street drug". http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/12/health/grey-death-opioid-drug/index.html.
External links
- "Fentanyl landscape | PiHKAL · info". https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/tableLandscape.php?domain=pk&property=fentanyl&sort=name.
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