Medicine:Poly drug use

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Short description: Use of multiple psychoactive substances
Tripsit Drug Combination Chart new
Poly drug use
VodkaRedBull.jpg
Caffeinated alcoholic beverages, such as this Vodka Red Bull are widespread and legal.
SpecialtyPsychiatry[1]
ComplicationsCombined drug intoxication, drug overdose[1]
Ayahuasca being prepared in the Napo region of Ecuador

Poly drug use or polysubstance use refers to the use of combined psychoactive substances for recreational purposes.[1] In many cases one drug is used as a base or primary drug, with additional drugs to leaven or compensate for the side effects of the primary drug and make the experience more enjoyable with drug synergy effects, or to supplement for primary drug when supply is low.[2]

Combinations

Drug 1 Drug 2 Drug 3 Poly drug name[3][4] Intoxication name Comment
Any drug Black tar heroin Whoonga Widespread use in South Africa [citation needed]
Any drug Cannabis Amp joint [citation needed]
Any drug Nicotine Cooler[5]
Any depressant Any stimulant Over and under
Any pharmaceutical Any pharmaceutical Polypharmacy. Pharming [citation needed]
2C-B MDMA Nexus Flip[6][7] Nexus Flipping
2C-T-7 MDMA Lucky Flip[5]
Alcohol Caffeine Caffeinated alcoholic drink
Alcohol Benzodiazepine Time flip
Alcohol Cannabis Herb and Al. Judgement Day Cross fading Called Judgement Day in Ghana when cannabis is added to the drink
Alcohol Cocaine Snow-coning Metabolized into cocaethylene
Amphetamine barbiturates inbetweens[8]
Amphetamine Cocaine Snow seals
Amphetamine Heroin bombido[9]
Amphetamine Xanax Orange Dream Blossom Cloud Rush The combination is crushed together and insufflated
DMT β-Carbolines containing plants (e.g. Banisteriopsis caapi or Peganum harmala) Ayahuasca, Changa Ayahuasca is drunk. Changa is smoked or vaped.
Barbiturates Alcohol Used to be common, when Barbiturates were more readily available
Caffeine Cannabis Hippie-speedballing [citation needed]
Caffeine Methamphetamine Biker's coffee. Kamikaze, ya ba
Cannabis Cocaine paste Bazooka
Cannabis Crack-cocaine Crack weed (less known: champagne, chronic, cocktail, dirty joint, fry daddy, gimmie, gremmies, juice joint, lace, oolies, p dog, primo, splitting, thirty eight, turbo, wollie, yeola) Cocoa puffs
Cannabis Crack-cocaine Heroin Major Pronin
Cannabis Crack-cocaine PCP Jim Jones
Cannabis DXM Nicotine Candy blunt
Cannabis Heroin Atom bomb, stuff[5]
Cannabis Heroin or opium A-bomb
Cannabis Opium Buddha
Cannabis PCP Wet (less known: Bionic, clickums, donk, dust blunt, illies, illing, leak, love leaf, lovelies, parsley, wet, zoom) Wet is cannabis dipped in PCP [10]
Cannabis Nicotine Blunt, joint, spliff A rolled cannabis cigarette usually made with rolling paper. A blunt is a cigar hollowed out and filled with cannabisa. It is rolled with the tobacco-leaf "wrapper" from an inexpensive cigar. Blunts take their name from Phillies Blunt brand cigars.
Cocaine Heroin Snowball. Other names: Belushi, bombita, murder one, whiz bang Snowballing
Cocaine Heroin LSD Frisco special[5]
Cocaine Heroin Nicotine flamethrower, primos Cigarette laced with cocaine and heroin
Cocaine Heroin or morphine Powerball, speedball Powerballing, speedballing[5]> Speedballing, powerballing is often used to describe intravenous use. The term can also be applied to use of pharmaceutical opioids, benzodiazepines or barbiturates along with stimulants.
Cocaine Ketamine CK1, Calvin Klein, cable
Cocaine LSD Cracid (or outer limits) Cracid is a portmanteau of cocaine and acid [citation needed]
Cocaine Morphine C & M
Cocaine PCP Space, whack
Cocaine Quetiapine Q-ball
Codeine Glutethimide Pancakes and syrups Combination of glutethimide and codeine cough syrup
Codeine Promethazine Purple drank
Crack-cocaine Fentanyl Dirty fentanyl, takeover [citation needed]
Crack-cocaine Heroin Chocolate rock, dragon rock, eightball, moonrock, smoking gun, tar
Crack-cocaine LSD Outerlimits
Crack-cocaine Methamphetamine Fire, twisters
Crack-cocaine PCP Nicotine Ozone PCP and crack cigarette [citation needed]
Crack-cocaine PCP Missile basing, P-funk, space basing, spaceball, space cadet, space dust, tragic magic
Crack-cocaine Nicotine Coolie, crimmie, woolas A cigarette laced with crack [citation needed]
DMT MAOIs Pharmahuasca
DXM LSD LSDXM
DXM Psilocybin or psilocybin mushroom Cherry-bombing
Any Dissociative Any Dissociative Void flip
Fentanyl Heroin Birria, chiva loca, Facebook Facebook is mixed in a pill form [citation needed]
GHB Methamphetamine Cherry meth
Hashish Belladonna Alamout black hash[5] Mixed
Hashish LSD Royal temple ball The hashish is mixed with LSD and rolled into a ball intended for oral use, because LSD cannot be smoked.
Hashish Opium Black hash, black Russian
Heroin Methamphetamine Goofball
Heroin Morphine New Jack swing
Heroin PCP Alien sex fiend[5]
Heroin Xylazine Anestesiade caballo Xylazine is a horse anesthetic
LSD Cannabis Amphetamine Hippie heart attack [citation needed]
LSD MDMA 2C-B Ali Flip
LSD Nitrous oxide Gasid
LSD Ketamine Dolphin flip
LSD PCP Black acid
LSD Psilocybin or psilocybin mushroom God's flesh, Soul Bomb, Alice[5]
Psilocybin or psilocybin mushroom DMT Terence flip
LSD DMT Cosmo flip Cosmo flipping
MDMA 2C-B Nexus Flip Honey Flip[5] The MDMA is often taken first and the 2C-B after the end of the MDMA peak.
MDMA Alcohol Tipsy flip Tipsy flipping
MDMA Cannabis Stoner flip Stoner flipping
MDMA Cocaine Sugar flip Sugar flipping
MDMA Cocaine LSD Candy-flip on a string Candy-flipping on a string
MDMA DMT Shaman flip, time flip Shaman flipping, time flipping
MDMA DXM Robo flip Robo flipping
MDMA GHB Gamma flip Gamma flipping
MDMA Ketamine Kitty flip[6] Kitty flipping
MDMA LSD Candy flip Candy flipping[5]
MDMA LSD Ketamine Holy Trident Holy Tridenting
MDMA LSD Psilocybin or psilocybin mushroom Jedi flip,[6] twilight flip Jedi flipping, twilight flipping
MDMA Mescaline or psychoactive cactus Love flip, love trip Love flipping
MDMA Methadone Chocolate flip Chocolate flipping
MDMA Methamphetamine Trailer flip Trailer flipping
MDMA Nitrous oxide Nox
MDMA Opiates Poppy flip Poppy flipping
MDMA PCP Domex, elephant flip Elephant flipping
MDMA Psilocybin or psilocybin mushroom Hippy flip,[6] Hippy flipping [11]
MDMA Diphenhydramine or Any deliriant Nightmare flip Nightmare flipping
Nicotine PCP Chipping
Pentazocine Tripelannamine T's and blues
DXM Diphenhydramine Otc flip Robowalking on a string
Diphenhydramine Caffeine Sleep walking Sleep walking
LSD Psilocybin or psilocybin mushroom DMT Super flip Super flipping Take LSD and shrooms then at the come up smoke DMT
MDMA Xanax Zen flip Zen flipping

Combined drug intoxication

Tranquillizers, sleeping pills, opiates and alcohol. Opioid-related deaths often involve alcohol.

Combined drug intoxication use often carries with it more risk than use of a single drug, due to an increase in side effects, and drug synergy. The potentiating effect of one drug on another is sometimes considerable and here the licit drugs and medicines – such as alcohol, nicotine and antidepressants – have to be considered in conjunction with the controlled psychoactive substances. The risk level will depend on the dosage level of both substances. If the drugs taken are illegal, they have a chance of being mixed (also known as "cutting") with other substances which dealers are reported to do to increase the perceived quantity when selling to others to increase their returns. This is particularly common with powdered drugs such as cocaine or MDMA which can be mixed with relative ease by adding another white powdery substance to the drug. This cumulative effect can lead to further unintended harm to health dependent on what is being covertly added. Concerns also exist about a number of pharmacological pairings: alcohol and cocaine increase cardiovascular toxicity; alcohol or depressant drugs, when taken with opioids, lead to an increased risk of overdose; and opioids or cocaine taken with ecstasy or amphetamines also result in additional acute toxicity.[12] Benzodiazepines can cause death when mixed with other CNS depressants such as opioids, alcohol, or barbiturates.[13][14][15]

Close-up photo of a metal spoon filled with a viscous, clear purple fluid
A spoonful of promethazine/​codeine syrup showing the characteristic purple color that gave rise to the name purple drank.

Scheduling

Within the general concept of multiple drug use, several specific meanings of the term must be considered. At one extreme is planned use, where the effects of more than one drug are taken for a desired effect. Another type is when other drugs are used to counteract the negative side effects of a different drug (e.g. depressants are used to counteract anxiety and restlessness from taking stimulants). On the other hand, the use of several substances in an intensive and chaotic way, simultaneously or consecutively, in many cases each drug substituting for another according to availability.[12]

Research

The phenomenon is the subject of established academic literature.[16]

A study among treatment admissions found that it is more common for younger people to report poly drug use.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sher, Kenneth J., ed (2017). "Part 1: Psychiatric Comorbidity – Polydrug Use: Research Topics and Issues". The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders: Volume 2. Oxford Library of Psychology. Oxford and New York City: Oxford University Press. pp. 27–59. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.006. ISBN 9780199381708. https://books.google.com/books?id=_MySDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27. 
  2. ↑ "Polydrug use | www.emcdda.europa.eu". https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index34913EN.html. 
  3. ↑ Copping, Jasper (8 November 2009). "Drug slang: what police must learn A to B". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/6519175/Drug-slang-what-police-must-learn-A-to-B.html. 
  4. ↑ https://ndews.umd.edu/sites/ndews.umd.edu/files/dea-drug-slang-terms-and-code-words-july2018.pdf
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 "Erowid Drug Slang & Terminology Vault : A - B". https://erowid.org/psychoactives/slang/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Nolan, James. "'Kitty Flipping' and the Psychonaut Obsession with Mixing Drugs". https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/mbzbex/kitty-flipping-nexus-flipping-and-the-internets-other-favourite-drug-combos. 
  7. ↑ "What is 2C-B? The Complete and Honest Explainer". https://doubleblindmag.com/what-is-2c-b/. 
  8. ↑ Keup, Wolfram (June 1971). "The Vocabulary of the Drug User and Alcoholic: A Glossary". The International Journal of the Addictions: 348. doi:10.3109/10826087109057793. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4950517/. Retrieved 7 October 2021. 
  9. ↑ Keup, Wolfram (June 1971). "The Vocabulary of the Drug User and Alcoholic: A Glossary". The International Journal of the Addictions: 348. doi:10.3109/10826087109057793. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4950517/. Retrieved 7 October 2021. 
  10. ↑ Holland, Julie A.; Nelson, Lewis; Ravikumar, P. R.; Elwood, William N. (22 February 2017). "Embalming Fluid-Soaked Marijuana: New High or New Guise for PCP?". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399693. https://erowid.org/chemicals/pcp/pcp_info7.shtml. Retrieved 30 July 2021. 
  11. ↑ Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (2008). Vice Slang. Routledge. p. 91. ISBN 978-0415371810. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "EMCDDA Annual Report 2006 ch. 8". http://ar2006.emcdda.europa.eu/en/page012-en.html?CFID=7908701&CFTOKEN=472a97577904fd31-16A12971-F8FA-A4BE-70FBED3F5065929B&jsessionid=2e30fd1d0c7948157239. 
  13. ↑ "Fatal poisonings attributed to benzodiazepines in Britain during the 1980s". Br J Psychiatry 163 (3): 386–93. 1993. doi:10.1192/bjp.163.3.386. PMID 8104653. 
  14. ↑ "[Relative toxicity of benzodiazepines in overdose."]. BMJ 310 (6974): 219–21. 1995. doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6974.219. PMID 7866122. 
  15. ↑ Drummer OH; Ranson DL (December 1996). "Sudden death and benzodiazepines". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 17 (4): 336–42. doi:10.1097/00000433-199612000-00012. PMID 8947361. 
  16. ↑ "Increased intensity of Ecstasy and polydrug usage in the more experienced recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users: a WWW study". Addict Behav 29 (4): 743–52. June 2004. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.022. PMID 15135556. http://psy.swansea.ac.uk/staff/parrott/Scholey-and-p-and-etal-Intensity-and-polydrug-AddBeh-2004.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Polydrug Use Among Treatment Admissions: 1998." OAS Home: Alcohol, Tobacco & Drug Abuse and Mental Health Data from SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. [1]

External links

Classification




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