Astronomy:1ES 1927+654

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1ES 1927+654
The Seyfert galaxy 1ES 1927+654
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationDraco
Right ascension 19h 27m 19.7557s
Declination+65° 33′ 52.47″
Redshift0.016998
Distance270 Mly
Other designations
2MASX J19271951+6533539, RX J1927.3+6533

1ES 1927+654 is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy[1] located 270 million light-years away in the constellation of Draco, containing an active galactic nucleus.[2][3][4][5] The galaxy is relatively unremarkable in appearance but its core is powered by a supermassive black hole which is a source of X-ray flashes.

The brightness and oscillations of this nucleus have behaved unpredictably and so become the subject of special observation and study in the optical, radio, ultraviolet and X-ray spectrums. Academic papers analysing its unusual characteristics have challenged conventional theories about accretion disks and black hole environments.[6][7][8][9][10]

1ES 1927+654 is the catalog reference for the object in the Einstein Slew Survey – a scan of the sky in the X-ray spectrum which was performed by the Einstein Observatory and first published in 1992.

Timeline of discoveries

1ES 1927+654 has captured the attention of astronomers due to its unpredictable behavior. Its sudden changes have made it a target for multi-wavelength observation campaigns, drawing data from X-ray, optical, and radio observatories around the world.[11][12][2][13]

1ES 1927+654 was first cataloged during the Einstein Slew Survey, which aimed to identify X-ray sources in the sky. It was classified as a Seyfert galaxy due to its emission-line features.[14]

A dramatic increase in brightness was detected in 2017, with the galaxy brightening by a factor of about 40 in the ultraviolet spectrum. This event triggered follow-up studies to investigate the cause.[8] In 2018, detailed observations by X-ray and ultraviolet telescopes revealed that the AGN's accretion disk had undergone a partial or total disruption.[13] The Quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) period shrank from 18 to 7.1 minutes over two years, showing unique evolution.[15] Future X-ray and gravitational-wave observations are planned to test possible explanations.[15]

In 2020, studies suggested that the extreme variability could be linked to magnetic field instabilities around the black hole. The event challenged models of black hole accretion and inspired new theories about AGN outbursts.[16]

In 2023–24, very-long-baseline interferometry observed plasma jets forming near the black hole.[17]

  • This illustration shows the accretion disk, corona (pale, conical swirls above the disk), and supermassive black hole of 1ES 1927+654 Credit: NASA/Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet
    This illustration shows the accretion disk, corona (pale, conical swirls above the disk), and supermassive black hole of 1ES 1927+654
    Credit: NASA/Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet
  • Artist's concept Matter is stripped from a white dwarf (sphere at lower right) orbiting within the innermost accretion disk surrounding 1ES 1927+654's supermassive black hole.
    Artist's concept
    Matter is stripped from a white dwarf (sphere at lower right) orbiting within the innermost accretion disk surrounding 1ES 1927+654's supermassive black hole.

References

  1. ↑ Cao, Xinwu; You, Bei; Wei, Xing (2023-10-14), "An accretion disc with magnetic outflows triggered by a sudden mass accretion event in changing-look active galactic nucleus 1ES 1927+654", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 526 (2): 2331, doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2877, Bibcode: 2023MNRAS.526.2331C 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Reddy, Francis (May 5, 2022). "Magnetic Flip Drives Flare-Up of Monster Black Hole". https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14148/. 
  3. ↑ Fauzia, Miriam (2022-05-06). "A Black Hole Flipping Its Magnetic Field Might Help Us to Find More: This is unexpected.". Daily Beast (New York). http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/156762803. 
  4. ↑ Zabludoff, Ann; Arcavi, Iair; La Massa, Stephanie; Perets, Hagai B.; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Auchettl, Katie; Dai, Jane L. et al. (2021). "Distinguishing Tidal Disruption Events from Impostors". Springer Space Science Reviews 217 (4): 54. doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00829-4. Bibcode: 2021SSRv..217...54Z. 
  5. ↑ Ghosh, Ritesh; Laha, Sibasish; Meyer, Eileen; Roychowdhury, Agniva; Yang, Xiaolong; Acosta–Pulido, J. A.; Rakshit, Suvendu; Pandey, Shivangi et al. (2023). "A Reemerging Bright Soft X-Ray State of the Changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES 1927+654: A Multiwavelength View". The Astrophysical Journal 955 (1): 3. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aced92. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...955....3G. 
  6. ↑ Boller, Th.; Voges, W.; Dennefeld, M.; Lehmann, I.; Predehl, P.; Burwitz, V.; Perlman, E.; Gallo, L. et al. (2003). "1ES 1927+654: Persistent and rapid X-ray variability in an AGN with low intrinsic neutral X-ray absorption and narrow optical emission lines". Astronomy & Astrophysics 397 (2): 557–564. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021520. Bibcode: 2003A&A...397..557B. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2003/02/aah3775/aah3775.html. 
  7. ↑ Gallo, L. C.; MacMackin, C.; Vasudevan, R.; Cackett, E. M.; Fabian, A. C.; Panessa, F. (July 1, 2013). "1ES 1927+654: a bare Seyfert 2". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 433 (1): 421–433. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt735. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.433..421G. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Arcavi, Iair; MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Ricci, Claudio; Kara, Erin; Graham, Melissa L.; Stern, Daniel; Harrison, Fiona A. et al. (September 1, 2019). "1ES 1927+654: An AGN Caught Changing Look on a Timescale of Months". The Astrophysical Journal 883 (1): 94. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab39e4. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...883...94T. 
  9. ↑ Masterson, Megan; Kara, Erin; Ricci, Claudio; García, Javier A.; Fabian, Andrew C.; Pinto, Ciro; Kosec, Peter; Remillard, Ronald A. et al. (20 July 2022). "Evolution of a Relativistic Outflow and X-Ray Corona in the Extreme Changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654" (pdf). The Astrophysical Journal 934 (35): 35. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac76c0. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...934...35M. 
  10. ↑ Chu, Jennifer (2025-01-13). "X-ray flashes from a nearby supermassive black hole accelerate mysteriously" (in en). https://news.mit.edu/2025/x-ray-flashes-nearby-supermassive-black-hole-accelerate-mysteriously-0113. 
  11. ↑ Ricci, C.; Loewenstein, M.; Kara, E.; Remillard, R.; Trakhtenbrot, B.; Arcavi, I.; Gendreau, K. C.; Arzoumanian, Z. et al. (10 February 2021). "The 450 Day X-Ray Monitoring of the Changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 255 (1): 7. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abe94b. Bibcode: 2021ApJS..255....7R. 
  12. ↑ Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Arcavi, Iair; MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Ricci, Claudio; Kara, Erin; Graham, Melissa L.; Stern, Daniel; Harrison, Fiona A. et al. (August 6, 2019). "1ES 1927+654: An AGN Caught Changing Look on a Timescale of Months". The Astrophysical Journal 883 (1): 94. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab39e4. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...883...94T. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Laha, Sibasish; Meyer, Eileen; Roychowdhury, Agniva; Becerra González, Josefa; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Thapa, Aditya; Ghosh, Ritesh; Behar, Ehud et al. (14 March 2022). "A Radio, Optical, UV, and X-Ray View of the Enigmatic Changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES 1927+654 from Its Pre- to Postflare States". The Astrophysical Journal 931 (1): 5. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac63aa. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...931....5L. 
  14. ↑ Perlman, E. S.; Stocke, J. T.; Schachter, J. F.; Elvis, M.; Ellingson, E.; Urry, C. M. (1996). "The Einstein Slew Survey Sample of BL Lacertae Objects". Astrophysical Journal Supplement 104: 251–268. doi:10.1086/192300. Bibcode: 1996ApJS..104..251P. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Masterson, Megan; Kara, Erin; Panagiotou, Christos; Alston, William N.; Chakraborty, Joheen; Burdge, Kevin; Ricci, Claudio; Laha, Sibasish et al. (2025). "Millihertz oscillations near the innermost orbit of a supermassive black hole". Nature 638 (8050): 370–375. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08385-x. PMID 39910305. Bibcode: 2025Natur.638..370M. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08385-x. Retrieved 2025-02-06. 
  16. ↑ Scepi, Nicolas; Begelman, Mitchell C; Dexter, Jason (February 2021). "Magnetic flux inversion in a peculiar changing look AGN". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 502 (1): L50–L54. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab002. 
  17. ↑ Malewar, Amit (January 17, 2025). "Real-time formation of black hole jets observed for the first time". https://www.techexplorist.com/real-time-formation-black-hole-jets-observed-first-time/96175/. 



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