Biology:Lymphotoxin beta receptor
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Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTBR), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3 (TNFRSF3), is a cell surface receptor for lymphotoxin involved in apoptosis and cytokine release.[1][2][3] It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of receptors. It is expressed on the surface of most cell types, including cells of epithelial and myeloid lineages, but not on T and B lymphocytes. The protein specifically binds the lymphotoxin membrane form (a complex of lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta). The encoded protein and its ligand play a role in the development and organization of lymphoid tissue and transformed cells. Activation of the encoded protein can trigger apoptosis.[1]
Not only does the LTBR help trigger apoptosis, it can lead to the release of the cytokine interleukin 8. Overexpression of LTBR in HEK293 cells increases IL-8 promoter activity and leads to IL-8 release. LTBR is also essential for development and organization of the secondary lymphoid organs and chemokine release.[4]
Structure
The Ramachandran plots show that 64.6% of all residues were in a favored region. This structure was found using X-ray diffraction. The resolution is 3.50 angstroms. The alpha and beta angles are 90 degrees while the gamma angle is 120 degrees.[5]
Interactions
Lymphotoxin beta receptor has been shown to interact with Diablo homolog[6] and TRAF3.[7][8][9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: LTBR lymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4055.
- ↑ "Construction and evaluation of a hncDNA library of human 12p transcribed sequences derived from a somatic cell hybrid". Genomics 16 (1): 214–8. April 1993. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1161. PMID 8486360.
- ↑ "A lymphotoxin-beta-specific receptor". Science 264 (5159): 707–10. April 1994. doi:10.1126/science.8171323. PMID 8171323. Bibcode: 1994Sci...264..707C.
- ↑ "Lymphotoxin beta receptor induces interleukin 8 gene expression via NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation". Exp. Cell Res. 278 (2): 166–74. August 2002. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5573. PMID 12169272.
- ↑ "MolProbity Ramachandran analysis". http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/images/1RF3_ram_m_500.pdf.
- ↑ Kuai, Jun; Nickbarg Elliott; Wooters Joe; Qiu Yongchang; Wang Jack; Lin Lih-Ling (Apr 2003). "Endogenous association of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1, and Smac with lymphotoxin beta receptor reveals a novel mechanism of apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (16): 14363–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208672200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12571250.
- ↑ VanArsdale, T L; VanArsdale S L; Force W R; Walter B N; Mosialos G; Kieff E; Reed J C; Ware C F (Mar 1997). "Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling complex: role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 recruitment in cell death and activation of nuclear factor kappaB". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 94 (6): 2460–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2460. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 9122217. Bibcode: 1997PNAS...94.2460V.
- ↑ Wu, M Y; Wang P Y; Han S H; Hsieh S L (Apr 1999). "The cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor mediates cell death in HeLa cells". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (17): 11868–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11868. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10207006.
- ↑ Marsters, S A; Ayres T M; Skubatch M; Gray C L; Rothe M; Ashkenazi A (May 1997). "Herpesvirus entry mediator, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, interacts with members of the TNFR-associated factor family and activates the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (22): 14029–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.22.14029. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9162022.
Further reading
- "The unconventional role of LT alpha beta in T cell differentiation.". Trends Immunol. 28 (4): 169–75. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.02.005. PMID 17336158.
- "Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface.". Cell 72 (6): 847–56. 1993. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90574-A. PMID 7916655.
- "A lymphotoxin-beta-specific receptor.". Science 264 (5159): 707–10. 1994. doi:10.1126/science.8171323. PMID 8171323. Bibcode: 1994Sci...264..707C.
- "Construction and evaluation of a hncDNA library of human 12p transcribed sequences derived from a somatic cell hybrid.". Genomics 16 (1): 214–8. 1993. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1161. PMID 8486360.
- "Isolation and regional assignment of human chromosome 12p cDNAs.". Genomics 29 (1): 44–52. 1996. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1213. PMID 8530100.
- "A candidate gene for the amnionless gastrulation stage mouse mutation encodes a TRAF-related protein.". Dev. Biol. 177 (1): 274–90. 1996. doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0162. PMID 8660894.
- "TRAF5, an activator of NF-kappaB and putative signal transducer for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (25): 14661–4. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.25.14661. PMID 8663299.
- "Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor.". J. Virol. 71 (2): 1301–9. 1997. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.2.1301-1309.1997. PMID 8995654.
- "Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling complex: role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 recruitment in cell death and activation of nuclear factor kappaB.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (6): 2460–5. 1997. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2460. PMID 9122217. Bibcode: 1997PNAS...94.2460V.
- "Serine/threonine kinase activity associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor in HepG2 cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (27): 17154–9. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.27.17154. PMID 9202035.
- "Direct interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with the cellular lymphotoxin-beta receptor modulates the signal pathway of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor.". J. Virol. 71 (12): 9417–26. 1997. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.12.9417-9426.1997. PMID 9371602.
- "Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the human homolog of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5).". Gene 207 (2): 135–40. 1998. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00616-1. PMID 9511754.
- "TRAF-4 expression in epithelial progenitor cells. Analysis in normal adult, fetal, and tumor tissues.". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (6): 1549–61. 1998. PMID 9626059.
- "Expression of three members of the TNF-R family of receptors (4-1BB, lymphotoxin-beta receptor, and Fas) in human lung.". Eur. Respir. J. 12 (4): 926–31. 1999. doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12040926. PMID 9817170.
- "Expression of the lymphotoxin beta receptor on follicular stromal cells in human lymphoid tissues.". Cell Death Differ. 5 (6): 497–505. 1999. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400374. PMID 10200501.
- "The cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor mediates cell death in HeLa cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (17): 11868–73. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11868. PMID 10207006.
- "A newly identified member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TR6) suppresses LIGHT-mediated apoptosis.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (20): 13733–6. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.20.13733. PMID 10318773.
- "The lymphotoxin-beta receptor is necessary and sufficient for LIGHT-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (19): 14307–15. 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.19.14307. PMID 10799510.
- "Human umbilical vein endothelial cells express complement receptor 1 (CD35) and complement receptor 4 (CD11c/CD18) in vitro.". Inflammation 26 (3): 103–10. 2003. doi:10.1023/A:1015585530204. PMID 12083416.
- "Lymphotoxin beta receptor induces interleukin 8 gene expression via NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.". Exp. Cell Res. 278 (2): 166–74. 2002. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5573. PMID 12169272.
External links
- Lymphotoxin+beta+Receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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