Biology:Nitrospirota

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The Nitrospirota are a phylum of bacteria. They include multiple genera such as Nitrospira, the largest.

History of knowledge

The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985.[1] The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.[2][3] Nitrospira inopinata was discovered in 2015[4][5] and cultivated in 2017.[6]

Metabolism

Nitrospirota contains nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB[7]) and commamox bacteria: Nitrospira inopinata.[4][5] Dissulfurispira thermophila (Thermodesulfovibrionia) grows by disproportionation of thiosulfate or elemental sulfur.[8]

Phylogeny

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[9][10][11] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226[12][13][14]
Thermodesulfovibrionia
Dissulfurispiraceae

Dissulfurispira

 
Thermodesulfovibrionaceae

Thermodesulfovibrio

 
Thermodesulfovibrionales
 
Nitrospiria
"Troglogloeales"
"Manganitrophaceae"

"Ca. Manganitrophus"

 
 
Nitrospirales
UBA8639
 

"Ca. Nitronereus"

 
 

Nitrospira_E

 
 
Nitrospiraceae

Nitrospira

 
 
 
Thermodesulfovibrionia
 
"Sulfobiaceae"

"Ca. Sulfobium"

 
 
 
 
Thermodesulfovibrionaceae

Thermodesulfovibrio

 
Dissulfurispiraceae
 

Dissulfurispira

 
 

"Ca. Nitrobium"

 
 
 
 
"Magnetobacteriaceae"
 

"Ca. Magnetocorallium"

 
 
 

"Ca. Magnetomicrobium"

 
 
 

"Ca. Magnetominusculus"

 
 

"Ca. Magnetobacterium"

 
 
 
 
 
 
Thermodesulfovibrionales
 

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)[15] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[3]

  • Genus ?"Candidatus Thermomagnetovibrio" Lefèvre et al. 2010
  • Class Nitrospiria Garrity & Holt 2022
    • Order Nitrospirales Garrity & Holt 2022
      • Family UBA8639
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitronereus" Mueller et al. 2023
      • Family Nitrospiraceae Garrity & Holt 2022
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nitronatura" Singleton et al. 2025
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Nitrosymbion" Glasl et al. 2024
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Porinitrospira" Taylor et al. 2022
        • Genus Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986
    • Order "Troglogloeales" Yu et al. 2022
      • Genus ?"Candidatus Troglogloea" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
      • Family "Manganitrophaceae" Yu et al. 2022
        • Genus "Candidatus Manganitrophus" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
  • Class Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021
    • Order "Mariimomonadales" Yoon et al. 2023
      • Family "Mariimomonadaceae" Yoon et al. 2023
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Mariimomonas Yoon et al. 2023
    • Order Thermodesulfovibrionales Umezawa et al. 2023
      • Family "Sulfobiaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA6898]
        • Genus "Candidatus Sulfobium" Zecchin et al. 2018
      • Family Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus Thermodesulfovibrio Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
      • Family Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus Dissulfurispira Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitrobium" Arshad et al. 2017
      • Family "Magnetobacteriaceae" Chuvochina et al. 2023
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetobacterium" Spring et al. 1993
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetocorallium" Zhao et al. 2023
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetomicrobium" Zhang et al. 2021
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetominusculus" Lin et al. 2017
        • Genus ?"Candidatus Magnetovum" corrig. Lefevre et al. 2011

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium.". Arch Microbiol 144 (1): 1–7. 1986. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. 
  2. ↑ "A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship". Archives of Microbiology 164 (1): 16–23. July 1995. doi:10.1007/BF02568729. PMID 7646315. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Schoch CL. "Nitrospirota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?command=show&mode=tree&id=40117&lvl=3. Retrieved 2025-06-05. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria". Nature 528 (7583): 504–9. December 2015. doi:10.1038/nature16461. PMID 26610024. Bibcode: 2015Natur.528..504D. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism". Nature 528 (7583): 555–9. December 2015. doi:10.1038/nature16459. PMID 26610025. Bibcode: 2015Natur.528..555V. 
  6. ↑ "Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle". Nature 549 (7671): 269–272. September 2017. doi:10.1038/nature23679. PMID 28847001. Bibcode: 2017Natur.549..269K. 
  7. ↑ "In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67 (11): 5273–84. November 2001. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5273-5284.2001. PMID 11679356. Bibcode: 2001ApEnM..67.5273D. 
  8. ↑ Umezawa, Kazuhiro; Kojima, Hisaya; Kato, Yukako; Fukui, Manabu (2021). "Dissulfurispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic chemolithoautotroph growing by sulfur disproportionation, and proposal of novel taxa in the phylum Nitrospirota to reclassify the genus Thermodesulfovibrio" (in en). Systematic and Applied Microbiology 44 (2). doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126184. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0723202021000072. 
  9. ↑ "The LTP". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP. 
  10. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree. 
  11. ↑ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf. 
  12. ↑ "GTDB release 10-RS226". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C. 
  13. ↑ "bac120_r226.sp_label". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release226/226.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r226.sp_labels.tree. 
  14. ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/. 
  15. ↑ Template:Lpsn3

Further reading

Wikidata ☰ Q20751938 entry



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