Chemistry:List of refrigerants

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This is a list of refrigerants, sorted by their ASHRAE-designated numbers, commonly known as R numbers. Many modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated gases, especially fluorinated gases and chlorinated gases, that are frequently referred to as Freon (a registered trademark of Chemours).

Numbering scheme

According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon-carbon multiple bonds, there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next. If there is more than one carbon atom but no multiple bonds, there are three digits, and the number of carbon atoms minus one is the first digit. If there is only one carbon atom, then there are only two digits. The last two digits are always the number of hydrogen atoms plus one (H+1), followed by the number of fluorine atoms. Any other atoms attached to the carbons are assumed to be chlorine atoms. For example, R-22 has one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom (2−1 = 1), two fluorine atoms, and one chlorine atom (4−2−1 = 1), so it is chlorodifluoromethane, while R-134 has two carbon atoms (2−1 = 1), two hydrogen atoms (3−1 = 2), four fluorine atoms, and no chlorine atoms (6−2−4 = 0), so it is one of the tetrafluoroethanes. This basic scheme is modified as follows:

  • Capital letters "B" and "I" are suffixed, together with atom counts, if chlorine atoms have been replaced with bromine or iodine.
  • If there are two carbons, the isomer without suffix is the most symmetrical; after this, lower-case suffixed letters "a", "b", ..., are added, moving forwards through the alphabet as symmetry decreases.
  • If there are more than two carbons, a more complex system of suffixed letters and possibly numbers is used to distinguish isomers, when necessary.
  • The suffixes "(Z)" and "(E)" may be used to differentiate (Z)- and (E)- (cis- and trans-) isomers.
  • For larger molecules, numerical "digits" exceeding 9 may occur; in this case, these numbers are separated by dashes.
  • For a cyclic carbon skeleton, the prefixed capital letter "C" is used.
  • For an oxygen-containing refrigerant (an ether), the prefixed capital letter "E" is used.[1]

There are separate numbering schemes for zeotropic and azeotropic blends, organic chemicals which don't fit into the scheme above, and inorganic chemicals:

  • Zeotropic blends are numbered starting with 400. Suffixed capital letters "A", "B", ... may be used to distinguish different blends with the same constitutents.
  • Azeotropic blends are numbered similarly to zeotropic blends, but starting with 500.
  • Other organic chemicals may be numbered starting with 600. Suffixed lowercase letters "a", "b", ..., may be used to distinguish isomers.
  • Inorganic chemicals are given numbers equalling 700 plus their molecular weight, if the weight is less than 100, or 7000 plus the molecular weight otherwise. Suffixed capital letters "A", "B", ... may be used to distinguish different chemicals with the same molecular weight.[1]

Columns

The table is sortable by each of the following refrigerant properties (scroll right or reduce magnification to view more properties):

  • Type/prefix (see legends)
  • ASHRAE number
  • IUPAC chemical name
  • molecular formula
  • CAS registry number / blend name
  • Atmospheric lifetime in years
  • Semi-empirical ozone depletion potential, ODP (normalized to be 1 for R-11)
  • Net global warming potential, GWP, over a 100-year time horizon (normalized to be 1 for R-744, carbon dioxide)
  • Occupational exposure limit/permissible exposure limit in parts per million (volume per volume) over a time-weighted average (TWA) concentration for a normal eight-hour work day and a 40-hour work week
  • ASHRAE 34 safety group in toxicity & flammability (in air @ 60 °C, 101.3 kPa) classing (see legends)
  • Refrigerant concentration limit / immediately dangerous to life or health in parts per million (volume per volume) and grams per cubic meter
  • Molecular mass in atomic mass units
  • Normal boiling points for pure substances, bubble and dew points for zeotropic blends, or normal boiling point and azeotropic temperature for the azeotropic blends, at 101,325 Pa (1 atmosphere) and in degrees Celsius
  • Critical temperature in degrees Celsius
  • Absolute critical pressure in kilopascals

Since over 100,000 refrigerant blends are possible,[2] this list should only have notable refrigerants and refrigerant blends.

List

T
y
p
e 		ASHRAE
number 		IUPAC chemical name Molecular
formula 		CAS no/
blend
name 		Atmospheric
lifetime
(years) 		Semi-
empirical
ODP
(R-11 = 1) 		Net
GWP
100-yr
(R-744 = 1) 		OEL/PEL
ppm (v/v) &
ASHRAE 34
safety group 		RCL/IDLH
(ppm v/v, followed by g/m3) 		Molecular
mass
u 		Boiling, or
bubble/dew
/azeotropic
point(s) °C 		Critical
temp.
°C 		Critical
pressure,
absolute
kPa
PCC R-10 Carbon tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane) CCl4 56-23-5 26[3][4] 0.73[4] 1,400[5] 100? B1[6] 153.8[7] 76.72[8] 283.35[9] 4,560[9]
CFC R-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F 75-69-4 45[3][4] 1.0[4] 4,660[10] 1,000[11] A1[11] 1,100[11] 6.2[11] 137.4[7] 23.77[8] 197.96[9] 4,408[9]
CFC R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 75-71-8 100[3][4] 1.0[4] 10,200[10] 1,000[11] A1[11] 18,000[11] 90[11] 120.9[7] −29.8[8] 111.97[9] 4,136[9]
H R-12B1 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF2 or CF2ClBr 353-59-3 16[3][4] 7.1[4] 1,750[5] 165.4[7] −3.7[8] 153.8[9] 4,102[9]
H R-12B2 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr2F2 75-61-6 2.9[4] 1.7[4] 209.8[7] 22.8[8] 198.11[9] 4,130[9]
CFC R-13 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 75-72-9 640[3] 1[12] 13,900[10] 1,000[11] A1[11] 40,000? 200? 104.5[7] −81.5[8] 28.73[9] 3,877[9]
H R-13B1 Bromotrifluoromethane CBrF3 or CF3Br 75-63-8 65[3][4] 16[4] 6,290[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 148.9[7] −57.75[8] 67[9] 3,964[9]
H R-13I1 Trifluoroiodomethane CF3I 2314-97-8 500[13] A1[13] 195.9[13] −21.9[13]
PFC R-14 Tetrafluoromethane CF4 75-73-0 50,000[3] 0[14] 7,390[3] 1,000[11] A1[11] 110,000[11] 400[11] 88[7] −127.8[8] −45.64[9] 3,750[9]
HCC R-20 Chloroform (Trichloromethane) CHCl3 67-66-3 0.51[3] 31[3] 119.4[7] 61.2[8] 262.35[9] 5,480[9]
HCFC R-21 Dichlorofluoromethane CHFCl2 75-43-4 1.7[4] 0.04[15] 148[5] 100? B1[11] 102.9[7] 8.92[8] 178.45[9] 5,180[9]
HCFC R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 75-45-6 12.0[3][4] 0.055[4][16] 1,760[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 59,000[11] 210[11] 86.5[7] −40.7[8] 96.14[9] 4,990[9]
H R-22B1 Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF2 or CHF2Br 1511-62-2 5.8[4] 0.74[12] 404[4] 130.9[7] −14.6[8] 138.83[9] 5,132[9]
HFC R-23 Trifluoromethane (Fluoroform) CHF3 75-46-7 270[3] 0[14] 12,400[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 41,000[11] 120[11] 70[7] −82.1[8] 25.92[9] 4,836[9]
HCC R-30 Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) CH2Cl2 75-09-2 0.38[3] 0[17] 8.7[3] 100? B2[11] 84.9[7] 39.6[8] 235.15[9] 6,080[9]
HCFC R-31 Chlorofluoromethane CH2FCl 593-70-4 0.02[15] 350? B2? 10,000? 20? 68.5[7] −9.1[8] 151.76[9] 5,131[9]
HFC R-32 Difluoromethane CH2F2 75-10-5 4.9[3] 0[14] 677[5] 1,000[11] A2L[18] 36,000[11] 77[11] 52[7] −52[8][19] 78.11[9] 5,782[9]
HCC R-40 Chloromethane CH3Cl 74-87-3 1.0[3][4] 0.02[4] 13[3] 100? B2[11] 50.5[7] −24.2[8] 143.05[9] 6,660[9]
HFC R-41 Fluoromethane CH3F 593-53-3 2.4[3] 0[14] 116[5] 34[7] −78.2[8] 44.13[9] 5,897[9]
HC R-50 Methane CH4 74-82-8 12 ± 3[3] <0(smog)[20] 28[5] 1,000[11] A3[11] 9,000? 9? 16.04[7] −162±2[8] −82.3[21] 4,640[21]
PCC R-110 Hexachloroethane C2Cl6 67-72-1 236.7[7] 431.28[9] 3,937[9]
CFC R-111 Pentachlorofluoroethane C2FCl5 354-56-3 1[12] 220.3[7] 135[8]
CFC R-112 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2F2Cl4 76-12-0 1[12] 203.8[7]
CFC R-112a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2F2Cl4 76-11-9 1[lower-alpha 1] 203.8[7]
CFC R-113 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C2F3Cl3 76-13-1 85[3][4] 1.0[4] 5,820[10] 1,000[11] A1[11] 2,600[11] 20[11] 187.4[7] 48[19] 214.06[9] 3,392[9]
CFC R-113a 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane C2F3Cl3 354-58-5 1[lower-alpha 1] 187.4[7]
CFC R-114 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C2F4Cl2 76-14-2 300[3][4] 1.0[4] 8,590[10] 1,000[11] A1[11] 20,000[11] 140[11] 170.9[7] 3.5[8] 145.68[9] 3,257[9]
CFC R-114a 1,1-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C2F4Cl2 374-07-2 1[lower-alpha 1] 170.9[7]
H R-114B2 Dibromotetrafluoroethane C2F4Br2 or CF2BrCF2Br 124-73-2 20[3][4] 11.5[4] 1,470[5] 259.8[7] 47.3[8] 214.67[9]
CFC R-115 Chloropentafluoroethane C2F5Cl 76-15-3 1,700[3][4] 0.44[4] 7,670[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 120,000[11] 760[11] 154.5[7] −39.1[8] 79.95[9] 3,120[9]
PFC R-116 Hexafluoroethane C2F6 76-16-4 10,000[3] 0[14] 12,200[3] 1,000[11] A1[11] 97,000[11] 550[11] 138[7] −78.2[8] 19.88[9] 3,042[9]
HCC R-120 Pentachloroethane C2HCl5 76-01-7 202.3[7]
HCFC R-121 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane C2HFCl4 354-14-3 0.01–0.04[15] 185.8[7]
HCFC R-121a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane C2HFCl4 354-11-0 0.01–0.04[lower-alpha 2] 185.8[7]
HCFC R-122 1,1,2-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3 354-21-2 0.02–0.08[15] 169.4[7]
HCFC R-122a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3 354-15-4 0.02–0.08[lower-alpha 2] 169.4[7]
HCFC R-122b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3 354-12-1 0.02–0.08[lower-alpha 2] 169.4[7]
HCFC R-123 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2 306-83-2 1.3[3][4] 0.02[4] 79[5] 50[11] B1[11] 9,100[11] 57[11] 152.9[7] 27.6[8] 183.68[9] 3,662[9]
HCFC R-123a 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2 354-23-4 1.3?[lower-alpha 3] 0.02?[lower-alpha 2] 77?[lower-alpha 3] 152.9[7]
HCFC R-123b 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2 812-04-4 1.3?[lower-alpha 3] 0.02?[lower-alpha 2] 77?[lower-alpha 3] 152.9[7]
HCFC R-124 1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2HF4Cl 2837-89-0 5.8[3][4] 0.022[4] 527[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 10,000[11] 56[11] 136.5[7] −12[19] 122.28[9] 3,624[9]
HCFC R-124a 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2HF4Cl 354-25-6 5.8?[lower-alpha 3] 0.022?[lower-alpha 2] 609?[lower-alpha 3] 136.5[7]
HFC R-125 Pentafluoroethane C2HF5 354-33-6 29[3] 0[14] 3,170[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 75,000[11] 370[11] 120[7] −48.5[8] 66.18[9] 3,629[9]
HFC R-E125 Pentafluorodimethyl ether C2HF5O 3822-68-2 136[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 14,900[3] 136[7]
HCC R-130 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 79-34-5 167.8[7] 146.5[8] 388.06[9] 5,840[9]
HCC R-130a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 630-20-6 167.8[7] 130.5[8]
HCFC R-131 1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3 359-28-4 0.007–0.05[15] 151.4[7]
HCFC R-131a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3 811-95-0 0.007–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 151.4[7]
HCFC R-131b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3 2366-36-1 0.007–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 151.4[7]
HCFC R-132 1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 431-06-1 0.008–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 134.9[7]
HCFC R-132a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 471-43-2 0.008–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 134.9[7]
HCFC R-132b 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 1649-08-7 0.008–0.05[15] 134.9[7]
HCFC R-132c 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 1842-05-3 0.008–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 134.9[7]
H R-132bB2 1,2-Dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane C2H2Br2F2 75-82-1 0.2–1.5[12] 223.8[7]
HCFC R-133 1-Chloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl 431-07-2 0.02–0.06[lower-alpha 2] 118.5[7]
HCFC R-133a 1-Chloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl 75-88-7 0.02–0.06[15] 118.5[7]
HCFC R-133b 1-Chloro-1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl 421-04-5 0.02–0.06[lower-alpha 2] 118.5[7]
HFC R-134 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4 359-35-3 9.6[3] 0[14] 1,120[5] 102[7]
HFC R-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4 811-97-2 14[3] 0[14][17] 1,300[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 50,000[11] 210[11] 102[7] −26.3[8] 101.06[9] 4,059[9]
HFC R-E134 Bis(difluoromethyl)ether C2H2F4O 1691-17-4 26[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 6,320[3] 118[7]
HCC R-140 1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 79-00-5 133.4[7] 112.5±2.5[8]
HCC R-140a 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform) C2H3Cl3 or CH3CCl3 71-55-6 5.0[3][4] 0.12[4] 160[5] 133.4[7] 74[8]
HCFC R-141 1,2-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2 430-57-9 9.3?[lower-alpha 3] 0.12?[lower-alpha 2] 725?[lower-alpha 3] 116.9[7]
H R-141B2 1,2-Dibromo-1-fluoroethane C2H3Br2F 358-97-4 0.1–1.7[12] 205.9[7]
HCFC R-141a 1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2 430-53-5 9.3?[lower-alpha 3] 0.12?[lower-alpha 2] 725?[lower-alpha 3] 116.9[7]
HCFC R-141b 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2 1717-00-6 9.3[3][4] 0.12[4] 725[3] 500[11] A2? 2,600[11] 12[11] 116.9[7] 32[8][19] 204.2[9] 4,250[9]
HCFC R-142a 1-Chloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H3F2Cl 338-64-7 17.9?[lower-alpha 3] 0.07?[lower-alpha 2] 2,310?[lower-alpha 3] 100.5[7]
HCFC R-142b 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H3F2Cl 75-68-3 17.9[3][4] 0.07[4] 2,310[3] 1,000[11] A2[11] 20,000[11] 83[11] 100.5[7] −10[8][19] 137.1[9] 4,123[9]
HFC R-143 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3 430-66-0 3.5[3] 0[14] 328[5] 84[7]
HFC R-143a 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3 420-46-2 52[3] 0[14] 4,800[5] 1,000[11] A2L[18] 21,000[11] 70[11] 84[7] −47.6[8] 72.89[9] 3,776[9]
HFC R-E143a Methyl trifluoromethyl ether C2H3F3O 421-14-7 4.3[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 756[3] 100[7]
HCC R-150 1,2-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 107-06-2 99[7] 84[8] 292.83[9] 5,370[9]
HCC R-150a 1,1-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 75-34-3 99[7] 57.2[8] 249.83[9] 5,070[9]
HCFC R-151 1-Chloro-2-fluoroethane C2H4ClF 762-50-5 82.5[7]
HCFC R-151a 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane C2H4ClF 1615-75-4 82.5[7]
HFC R-152 1,2-Difluoroethane C2H4F2 624-72-6 0.60[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 16[5] 66[7]
HFC R-152a 1,1-Difluoroethane C2H4F2 75-37-6 1.4[3] 0[14][17] 138[5] 1,000[11] A2[11] 12,000[11] 32[11] 66[7] −25[8][19] 113.26[9] 4,517[9]
HCC R-160 Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) C2H5Cl 75-00-3 64.5[7] 12.3[8] 187.28[9] 5,268[9]
HFC R-161 Fluoroethane C2H5F 353-36-6 0.3[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 4[5] 48.1[7] 102.22[9] 4,702[9]
HC R-170 Ethane C2H6 or CH3CH3 74-84-0 58 days[22] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 5.5[3]–10.2[22] 1,000[11] A3[11] 7,000[11] 8.7[11] 30.07[7] −88.6[8][23] 32.18[9] 4,872[9]
HC R-E170 Dimethyl ether CH3OCH3 115-10-6 0.015[3] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 1[3] 1,000[11] A3[11] 8,500[11] 16[11] 46.1[7] −24[8]
CFC R-211 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloro-3-fluoropropane C3FCl7 422-78-6 1[12] 303.2[7]
CFC R-212 Hexachlorodifluoropropane C3F2Cl6 134452-44-1 1[12] 286.7[7]
CFC R-213 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3F3Cl5 2354-06-5 1[12] 270.3[7]
CFC R-214 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3F4Cl4 2268-46-4 1[12] 253.8[7]
CFC R-215 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3F5Cl3 4259-43-2 1[12] 237.4[7]
CFC R-216 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3F6Cl2 661-97-2 1[12] 220.9[7]
CFC R-216ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3F6Cl2 662-01-1 1[lower-alpha 1] 220.9[7]
CFC R-217 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane C3F7Cl 422-86-6 1[12] 204.5[7]
CFC R-217ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane C3F7Cl 76-18-6 1[lower-alpha 1] 204.5[7]
PFC R-218 Octafluoropropane C3F8 76-19-7 2,600[3] 0[14] 8,830[3] 1,000[11] A1[11] 90,000[11] 690[11] 188[7] −36.7[8]
HCFC R-221 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexachloro-3-fluoropropane C3HFCl6 422-26-4 0.015–0.07[15] 268.7[7]
HCFC R-222 Pentachlorodifluoropropane C3HF2Cl5 134237-36-8 0.01–0.09[lower-alpha 2] 252.3[7]
HCFC R-222c 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3HF2Cl5 422-49-1 0.01–0.09[15] 252.3[7]
HCFC R-223 Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4 134237-37-9 0.01–0.08[lower-alpha 2] 235.8[7]
HCFC R-223ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4 422-52-6 0.01–0.08[15] 235.8[7]
HCFC R-223cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4 422-50-4 0.01–0.08[lower-alpha 2] 235.8[7]
HCFC R-224 Trichlorotetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3 134237-38-0 0.01–0.09[lower-alpha 2] 219.4[7]
HCFC R-224ca 1,3,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3 422-54-8 0.01–0.09[15] 219.4[7]
HCFC R-224cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3 422-53-7 0.01–0.09[lower-alpha 2] 219.4[7]
HCFC R-224cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3 422-51-5 0.01–0.09[lower-alpha 2] 219.4[7]
HCFC R-225 Dichloropentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 127564-92-5 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 128903-21-9 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225ba 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 422-48-0 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225bb 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 422-44-6 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225ca 3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 422-56-0 1.9[3][4] 0.02[4] 127[5] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225cb 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 507-55-1 5.8[3][4] 0.03[4] 525[5] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 13474-88-9 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225da 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 431-86-7 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 136013-79-1 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-225eb 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2 111512-56-2 0.01–0.05[lower-alpha 2] 202.9[7]
HCFC R-226 Chlorohexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 134308-72-8 0.02–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 186.5[7]
HCFC R-226ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 51346-64-6 0.02–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 186.5[7]
HCFC R-226ca 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 422-57-1 0.02–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 186.5[7]
HCFC R-226cb 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 422-55-9 0.02–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 186.5[7]
HCFC R-226da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 431-87-8 0.02–0.1[15] 186.5[7]
HCFC R-226ea 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl 359-58-0 0.02–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 186.5[7]
HFC R-227ca 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C3HF7 2252-84-8 0[lower-alpha 4] 170[7]
HFC R-227ca2 Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether C3HF7O 2356-61-8 0[lower-alpha 4] 186[7]
HFC R-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C3HF7 431-89-0 34.2[3] 0[14][17] 3,350[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 84,000[11] 580[11] 170[7] −16.4[8] 102.8[9] 2,980[9]
HFC R-227me Trifluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether C3HF7O 2356-62-9 11[4] 0[lower-alpha 4] 1,540[4] 186[7]
HCFC R-231 Pentachlorofluoropropane C3H2FCl5 134190-48-0 0.05–0.09[15] 234.3[7]
HCFC R-232 Tetrachlorodifluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4 134237-39-1 0.008–0.1[15] 217.9[7]
HCFC R-232ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4 1112-14-7 0.008–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 217.9[7]
HCFC R-232cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4 677-54-3 0.008–0.1[lower-alpha 2] 217.9[7]
HCFC R-233 Trichlorotrifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3 134237-40-4 0.007–0.23[15] 201.4[7]
HCFC R-233ca 1,1,3-Trichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3 131221-36-8 0.007–0.23[lower-alpha 2] 201.4[7]
HCFC R-233cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3 421-99-8 0.007–0.23[lower-alpha 2] 201.4[7]
HCFC R-233cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3 131211-71-7 0.007–0.23[lower-alpha 2] 201.4[7]
HCFC R-234 Dichlorotetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 127564-83-4 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 17705-30-5 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234ab 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 149329-24-8 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234ba 1,2-Dichloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 425-94-5 0.01–0.28[15] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234bb 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 149329-25-9 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234bc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 149329-26-0 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 70341-81-0 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 4071-01-6 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234cc 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 422-00-4 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234cd 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 70192-63-1 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 146916-90-7 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234fa 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 76140-39-1 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-234fb 1,1-Dichloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2 64712-27-2 0.01–0.28[lower-alpha 2] 184.9[7]
HCFC R-235 Chloropentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 134237-41-5 0.03–0.52[15] 168.5[7]
HCFC R-235ca 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 28103-66-4 0.03–0.52[lower-alpha 2] 168.5[7]
HCFC R-235cb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 422-02-6 0.03–0.52[lower-alpha 2] 168.5[7]
HCFC R-235cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 679-99-2 0.03–0.52[lower-alpha 2] 168.5[7]
HCFC R-235da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 134251-06-2 0.03–0.52[lower-alpha 2] 168.5[7]
HCFC R-235fa 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl 677-55-4 0.03–0.52[lower-alpha 2] 168.5[7]
HFC R-236cb 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 677-56-5 13.6[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 1,210[5] 152[7] −1.5
HFC R-236ea 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 431-63-0 10.7[3] 0[14] 1,330[5] 152[7] 139.29[9] 3,502[9]
HFC R-236fa 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6 690-39-1 240[3] 0[14] 8,060[5] 1,000[11] A1[11] 55,000[11] 340[11] 152[7] −1.05±.35[8] 124.92[9] 3,200[9]
HFC R-236me 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether C3H2F6O 57041-67-5 5.8[4] 0[lower-alpha 4] 989[4] 168[7]
HCFC R-241 Tetrachlorofluoropropane C3H3FCl4 134190-49-1 0.004–0.09[15] 199.9[7]
HCFC R-242 Trichlorodifluoropropane C3H3F2Cl3 134237-42-6 0.005–0.13[15] 183.4[7]
HCFC R-243 Dichlorotrifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 134237-43-7 0.007–0.12[15] 167[7]
HCFC R-243ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 67406-68-2 0.007–0.12[lower-alpha 2] 167[7]
HCFC R-243cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 70192-70-0 0.007–0.12[lower-alpha 2] 167[7]
HCFC R-243cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 7125-99-7 0.007–0.12[lower-alpha 2] 167[7]
HCFC R-243da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 338-75-0 0.007–0.12[lower-alpha 2] 167[7]
HCFC R-243ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 151771-08-3 0.007–0.12[lower-alpha 2] 167[7]
HCFC R-243ec 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2 149329-27-1 0.007–0.12[lower-alpha 2] 167[7]
HCFC R-244 Chlorotetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 134190-50-4 0.009–0.14[15] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 149329-28-2 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244bb 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 421-73-8 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244ca 3-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 679-85-6 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 67406-66-0 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 421-75-0 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244da 2-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 19041-02-2 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244db 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 117970-90-8 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244eb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 151771-09-4 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 149448-09-9 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244fa 3-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 149329-29-3 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HCFC R-244fb 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl 2730-64-5 0.009–0.14[lower-alpha 2] 150.5[7]
HFC R-245ca 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 679-86-7 6.2[3] 0[14] 716[5] 134[7] 174.42[9] 3,925[9]
HFC R-245cb Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 1814-88-6 0[lower-alpha 4] 134[7]
HFC R-245ea 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 24270-66-4 0[lower-alpha 4] 134[7]
HFC R-245eb 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 431-31-2 0[lower-alpha 4] 134[7]
HFC R-245fa 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5 460-73-1 7.6[3] 0[14][17] 858[5] 300[11] B1[11] 34,000[11] 190[11] 134[7] 15[19] 154.05[9] 3,640[9]
HFC R-245mc Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O 22410-44-2 0[lower-alpha 4] 150[7]
HFC R-245mf Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O 1885-48-9 2.2[4] 0[lower-alpha 4] 286[4] 150[7]
HFC R-245qc Difluoromethyl 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O 69948-24-9 0[lower-alpha 4] 150[7]
HCFC R-251 Trichlorofluoropropane C3H4FCl3 134190-51-5 0.001–0.01[15] 165.4[7]
HCFC R-252 Dichlorodifluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 134190-52-6 0.005–0.04[15] 149[7]
HCFC R-252ca 1,3-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 1112-36-3 0.005–0.04[lower-alpha 2] 149[7]
HCFC R-252cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 1112-01-2 0.005–0.04[lower-alpha 2] 149[7]
HCFC R-252dc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 7126-15-0 0.005–0.04[lower-alpha 2] 149[7]
HCFC R-252ec 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2 151771-10-7 0.005–0.04[lower-alpha 2] 149[7]
HCFC R-253 Chlorotrifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 134237-44-8 0.003–0.03[15] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 151771-11-8 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253bb 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 69202-10-4 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253ca 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 56758-54-4 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 70192-76-6 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 121612-65-5 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253eb 1-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 151771-12-9 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 134251-05-1 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253fa 3-Chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253fb 3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 460-35-5 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HCFC R-253fc 1-Chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl 83124-56-5 0.003–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 132.5[7]
HFC R-254cb 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane C3H4F4 40723-63-5 0[lower-alpha 4] 116.1[7]
HFC R-254pc Methyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether C3H4F4O 425-88-7 2.6[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 359[3] 132.1[7]
HCFC R-261 Dichlorofluoropropane C3H5FCl2 134237-45-9 0.002–0.02[lower-alpha 2] 131[7]
HCFC R-261ba 1,2-Dichloro-2-fluoropropane C3H5FCl2 420-97-3 0.002–0.02[15] 131[7]
HCFC R-262 Chlorodifluoropropane C3H5F2Cl 134190-53-7 0.002–0.02[15] 114.5[7]
HCFC R-262ca 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl 420-99-5 0.002–0.02[lower-alpha 2] 114.5[7]
HCFC R-262fa 3-Chloro-1,1-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl 83124-57-6 0.002–0.02[lower-alpha 2] 114.5[7]
HCFC R-262fb 1-Chloro-1,3-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl 151771-13-0 0.002–0.02[lower-alpha 2] 114.5[7]
HFC R-263 Trifluoropropane C3H5F3 94458-05-6 0[lower-alpha 4] 98.1[7]
HCFC R-271 Chlorofluoropropane C3H6FCl 134190-54-8 0.001–0.03[15] 96.5[7]
HCFC R-271b 2-Chloro-2-fluoropropane C3H6FCl 420-44-0 0.001–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 96.5[7]
HCFC R-271d 2-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C3H6FCl 20372-78-5 0.001–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 96.5[7]
HCFC R-271fb 1-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C3H6FCl 430-55-7 0.001–0.03[lower-alpha 2] 96.5[7]
HFC R-272 Difluoropropane C3H6F2 94458-04-5 0[lower-alpha 4] 80.1[7]
HFC R-281 Fluoropropane C3H7F 106857-11-8 0[lower-alpha 4] 62.1[7]
HC R-290 Propane C3H8 or CH3CH2CH3 74-98-6 13 days[22] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 3.3[3]–9.5[22] 1,000[11] A3[11] 5,300[11] 9.5[11] 44.1[7] −42.1±.2[8] 96.7[9] 4,248[9]
CFC R-C316 Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane C4Cl2F6 356-18-3 74.6 ± 3(E),114.1 ± 10 (Z)[24] 0.40(E), 0.49(Z)[24] 4,160(E), 5,400(Z)[24] 232.9[7]
CFC R-C317 Chloroheptafluorocyclobutane C4ClF7 377-41-3 216.5[7]
PFC R-C318 Octafluorocyclobutane (Perfluorocyclobutane) C4F8 or -(CF2)4- 115-25-3 3,200[3] 0[14] 10,300[3] 1,000[11] A1[11] 69,000[11] 570[11] 200[7] −6[8][19] 115.23[9] 2,777[9]
PFC R-3-1-10 Decafluorobutane (Perfluorobutane) C4F10 355-25-9 2,600[3] 0[14] 8,860[3] 238[7] −1.7[8]
HFC R-329ccb 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutane C4HF9 375-17-7 0[lower-alpha 4] 220[7]
HFC R-338eea 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-Octafluorobutane C4H2F8 75995-72-1 0[lower-alpha 4] 202[7]
HFC R-347ccd 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluorobutane C4H3F7 662-00-0 0[lower-alpha 4] 184.1[7]
HFC R-347mcc Perfluoropropyl methyl ether C4H3F7O 375-03-1 5.2[3] 0[lower-alpha 4] 575[3] 200.1[7]
HFC R-347mmy Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether C4H3F7O 22052-84-2 3.4[4] 0[lower-alpha 4] 343[4] 200.1[7]
HFC R-365mfc 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane C4H5F5 406-58-6 8.6[3] 0[14][17] 804[3] 148.1[7]
PFC R-4-1-12 Dodecafluoropentane (Perfluoropentane) C5F12 678-26-2 4,100[3] 0[14] 9,160[3] 288[7]
PFC R-5-1-14 Tetradecafluorohexane (Perfluorohexane) C6F14 355-42-0 3,200[3] 0[14] 9,300[3] 338[7] 56[8]
CFC R-400 R-12/114(50/50 wt%) OR
(60/40)(must be specified)		 50% CCl2F2 · 50% C2F4Cl2 OR
60% CCl2F2 · 40% C2F4Cl2		 200[note 1] OR
180[note 1]		 1.0[note 2] 10,450[note 1]
10,540[note 1]		 1,000[11] A1[11]
1,000[11] A1[11]		 28,000[11]
30,000[11]		 160[11]
170[11]		 141.6[7]
136.9[7]
HCFC R-401A R-22/152a/124 (53±2/13+.5,-1.5/34±1) 53±2% CHClF2 · 13+.5,-1.5% C2H4F2 · 34±1% C2HF4Cl MP-39[9][26] 8.514[note 1] 0.03398[note 2] 1,182[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 27,000[11] 110[11] 94.4[7] −34.4/−28.8[19] 105.27[9] 4,613[9]
HCFC R-401B R-22/152a/124 (61±2/11+.5,-1.5/28±1) 61±2% CHClF2 · 11+.5,-1.5% C2H4F2 · 28±1% C2HF4Cl MP-66[9][26] 9.098[note 1] 0.03666[note 2] 1,288[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 30,000[11] 120[11] 92.8[7] −35.7/−30.8[19] 103.54[9] 4,682[9]
HCFC R-401C R-22/152a/124 (33±2/15+.5,-1.5/52±1) 33±2% CHClF2 · 15+.5,-1.5% C2H4F2 · 52±1% C2HF4Cl MP-52[26] 7.186[note 1] 0.02794[note 2] 933[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 20,000[11] 84[11] 101[7] −30.5/−23.8[19]
HCFC R-402A R-125/290/22 (60±2/2±1/38±2) 60±2% C2HF5 · 2±1% C3H8 · 38±2%  CHClF2 HP-80[9][26] 22.2?[note 1] 0.019[note 2] 2,788[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 33,000[11] 140[11] 101.5[7] −49.2/−47.0[19] 76.03[9] 4,234[9]
HCFC R-402B R-125/290/22 (38±2/2±1/60±2) 38±2% C2HF5 · 2±1% C3H8 · 60±2% CHClF2 HP-81[9][26] 18.46?[note 1] 0.03[note 2] 2,416[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 63,000[11] 240[11] 94.7[7] −47.2/−44.9[19] 83.03[9] 4,525[9]
HCFC R-403A R-290/22/218 (5+.2,-2/75±2/20±0) 5+.2,-2% C3H8 · 75±2% CHClF2 · 20±0% C3F8 ISCEON 69-S[9] 529.6?[note 1] 0.0375[note 2] 3,124[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[27] 33,000[11] 120[11] 92[7] −44.0/−42.3[19] 91.22[9] 4,688[9]
HCFC R-403B R-290/22/218 (5+.2,-2/56±2/39±0) 5+.2,-2% C3H8 · 56±2% CHClF2 · 39±0% C3F8 ISCEON 69-L[9] 1,021.32?[note 1] 0.028[note 2] 4,457[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 70,000[11] 290[11] 103.3[7] −43.8/−42.3[19] 88.72[9] 4,399[9]
HFC R-404A R-125/143a/134a (44±2/52±1/4±2) 44±2% C2HF5 · 52±1% C2H3F3 · 4±2% C2H2F4 HP-62,[9][26] FX-70[9][26] 40.36[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,922[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 130,000[11] 500[11] 97.6[7] −46.6/−45.8[19] 72.14[9] 3,735[9]
HCFC R-405A R-22/152a/142b/C318 (45±0/7±1/5.5±1/42.5±2) 45±0% CHClF2 · 7±1% C2H4F2 · 5.5±1% C2H3F2Cl · 42.5±2% C4F8 GREENCOOL G2015[9] 1,366.4825[note 1] 0.02635[note 2] 5,328[note 1] 1,000[11] A1? 57,000[11] 260[11] 111.9[7] −32.9/−24.5[19] 106[9] 4,289[9]
HCFC R-406A R-22/600a/142b (55±2/4±1/41±0) 55±2% CHClF2 · 4±1% C4H10 · 41±0% C2H3F2Cl GHG[9][26] 14.419?[note 1] 0.0562[note 2] 1,943[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 21,000[11] 25[11] 89.9[7] −32.7/−23.5[19] 116.5[9] 4,881[9]
HCFC R-406B R-22/600a/142b (65±2/4±1/31±0) 65±2% CHClF2 · 4±1% C4H10 · 31±0% C2H3F2Cl GHG-HP[9] 13.829?[note 1] 0.0542[note 2] 1,893[note 1] 1,000? A2? 21,000? 25? 88.6[7]
HFC R-407A R-32/125/134a (20±2/40±2/40±2) 20±2% CH2F2 · 40±2% C2HF5 · 40±2% C2H2F4 Klea 60[9][26] 18.18[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,107[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 83,000[28] 300[28] 90.1[7] −45.2/−38.7[19] 81.91[9] 4,487[9]
HFC R-407B R-32/125/134a (10±2/70±2/20±2) 10±2% CH2F2 · 70±2% C2HF5 · 20±2% C2H2F4 Klea 61[9] 23.59[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,804[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 79,000[28] 330[28] 102.9[7] −46.8/−42.4[19] 74.38[9] 4,083[9]
HFC R-407C R-32/125/134a (23±2/25±2/52±2) 23±2% CH2F2 · 25±2% C2HF5 · 52±2% C2H2F4 Klea 66,[9] AC9000[26] 15.657[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,774[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 81,000[28] 290[28] 86.2[7] −43.8/−36.7[19] 86.05[9] 4,634[9]
HFC R-407D R-32/125/134a (15±2/15±2/70±2) 15±2% CH2F2 · 15±2% C2HF5 · 70±2% C2H2F4 14.885[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,627[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 68,000[28] 250[28] 91[7] −39.4/−32.7[19] 91.57[9] 4,483[9]
HFC R-407E R-32/125/134a (25±2/15±2/60±2) 25±2% CH2F2 · 15±2% C2HF5 · 60±2% C2H2F4 13.975[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,552[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 80,000[28] 280[28] 83.8[7] −42.8/−35.6[19] 88.77[9] 4,734[9]
HFC R-407F R-32/125/134a (30±2/30±2/40±2) 30±2% CH2F2 · 30±2% C2HF5 · 40±2% C2H2F4 Genetron Performax LT[26] 15.77[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,825[note 1] 1,000[29] A1[29] 95,000[28] 320[28] 82.1[7] −46.1/−39.7[29]
HCFC R-408A R-125/143a/22 (7±2/46±1/47±2) 7±2% C2HF5 · 46±1% C2H3F3 · 47±2% CHClF2 FX-10[9][26] 31.59[note 1] 0.0235[note 2] 3,152[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 95,000[11] 340[11] 87[7] −45.5/−45.0[19] 83.5[9] 4,340[9]
HCFC R-409A R-22/124/142b (60±2/25±2/15±1) 60±2% CHClF2 · 25±2% C2HF4Cl · 15±1% C2H3F2Cl FX-56[9][26] 11.335[note 1] 0.046[note 2] 1,585[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 29,000[11] 110[11] 97.4[7] −35.4/−27.5[19] 106.92[9] 4,600[9]
HCFC R-409B R-22/124/142b (65±2/25±2/10±1) 65±2% CHClF2 · 25±2% C2HF4Cl · 10±1% C2H3F2Cl FX-57[9] 11.04[note 1] 0.045[note 2] 1,560[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 30,000[11] 120[11] 96.7[7] −36.5/−29.7[19] 104.36[9] 4,711[9]
HFC R-410A R-32/125 (50+.5,–1.5/50+1.5,–.5) 50+.5,–1.5% CH2F2 · 50+1.5,–.5% CHF2CF3[30] AZ-20,[9] Puron,[9] Suva 9100[9] 16.95[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,088[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 140,000[28] 420[28] 72.6[7] −51.6/−51.5[19] 70.17[9] 4,770[9]
HFC R-410B R-32/125 (45±1/55±1) 45±1% CH2F2 · 55±1% CHF2CF3[30] AC9100[26] 18.155[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,229[note 1] 1,000? A1[11] 140,000[28] 430[28] 75.6[7] −51.5/−51.4[19]
HCFO R-411A R-1270/22/152a (1.5+0,–1/87.5+2,–0/11+0,–1) 1.5+0,–1% C3H6 · 87.5+2,–0% CHClF2 · 11+0,–1% C2H4F2 GREENCOOL G2018a[9] 10.834[note 1] 0.04375[note 2] 1,597[note 1] 990[11] A2[11] 14,000[11] 46[11] 82.4[7] −39.7/−37.2[19] 99.06[9] 4,954[9]
HCFO R-411B R-1270/22/152a (3+0,–1/94+2,–0/3+0,–1) 3+0,–1% C3H6 · 94+2,–0% CHClF2 · 3+0,–1% C2H4F2 GREENCOOL G2018b[9] 11.682[note 1] 0.047[note 2] 1,705[note 1] 980[11] A2[11] 13,000[11] 45[11] 83.1[7] −41.6/−41.3[19] 95.95[9] 4,947[9]
HCFO R-411C R-1270/22/152a (3+0,–1/95.5+2,–0/1.5+0,–1) 3+0,–1% C3H6 · 95.5+2,–0% CHClF2 · 1.5+0,–1% C2H4F2 GREENCOOL G2018c[9] 11.841[note 1] 0.04775[note 2] 1,730[note 1] 970? A2? 12,000? 44? 83.4[7] 95.5[9] 4,950[9]
HCFC R-412A R-22/218/142b (70±2/5±2/25±1) 70±2% CHClF2 · 5±2% C3F8 · 25±1% C2H3F2Cl Arcton TP5R[9] 142.875[note 1] 0.0525[note 2] 2,286[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 22,000[11] 82[11] 92.2[7] −36.4/−28.8[19] 107.5[9] 4,881[9]
HFC R-413A R-218/134a/600a (9±1/88±2/3+0,–1) 9±1% C3F8 · 88±2% C2H2F4 · 3+0,–1% C4H10 ISCEON 49[9] 246.68?[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,053[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 22,000[11] 94[11] 104[7] −29.3/−27.6[19] 101.39[9] 4,240[9]
HCFC R-414A R-22/124/600a/142b (51±2/28.5±2/4±.5/16.5+.5,–1) 51±2% CHClF2 · 28.5±2% C2HF4Cl · 4±.5% C4H10 · 16.5+.5,–1% C2H3F2Cl GHG-X4,[9] Autofrost,[9] Chill-It[9] 11.2065?[note 1] 0.04332[note 2] 1,478[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 26,000[11] 100[11] 96.9[7] −34.0/−25.8[19] 110.72[9] 4,702[9]
HCFC R-414B R-22/124/600a/142b (50±2/39±2/1.5±.5/9.5+.5,–1) 50±2% CHClF2 · 39±2% C2HF4Cl · 1.5±.5% C4H10 · 9.5+.5,–1% C2H3F2Cl Hot Shot,[9][26] Kar Kool[9] 10.1425?[note 1] 0.04023[note 2] 1,362[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 23,000[11] 95[11] 101.5[7] −34.4/−26.1[19] 108[9] 4,592[9]
HCFC R-415A R-22/152a (82±1/18±1) 82±1% CHClF2 · 18±1% C2H4F2 10.092[note 1] 0.041[note 2] 1,507[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 57,000[11] 190[11] 81.9[7] −37.5/−34.7[19]
HCFC R-415B R-22/152a (25±1/75±1) 25±1% CHClF2 · 75±1% C2H4F2 4.05[note 1] 0.0125[note 2] 546[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 52,000[11] 120[11] 70.2[7] −23.4/−21.8[19]
HCFC R-416A R-134a/124/600 (59+.5,–1/39.5+1,–.5/1.5+1,–.2) 59+.5,-1% C2H2F4 · 39.5+1,–.5% C2HF4Cl · 1.5+1,–.2% C4H10 FRIGC (FR-12)[9] 10.731?[note 1] 0.00869[note 2] 1,084[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 14,000[11] 62[11] 111.9[7] −38.0/−32.9[19] 108.22[9] 4,020[9]
HFC R-417A R-125/134a/600 (46.6±1.1/50±1/3.4+.1,–.4) 46.6±1.1% C2HF5 · 50±1% C2H2F4 · 3.4+.1,–.4% C4H10 ISCEON 59,[9] NU-22[9] 20.922?[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,346[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 13,000[11] 56[11] 106.7[7] −41.2/−40.1[19] 89.89[9] 4,102[9]
HFC R-417B R-125/134a/600 (79±1/18.3±1/2.7+.1,–.5) 79±1% C2HF5 · 18.3±1% C2H2F4 · 2.7+.1,–.5% C4H10 25.796?[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,027[note 1] 1,000[29] A1[29] 15,000[29] 70[29] 113.1[7] −44.9/−41.5[29]
HCFC R-418A R-290/22/152a (1.5±.5/96±1/2.5±.5) 1.5±.5% C3H8 · 96±1% CHClF2 · 2.5±.5% C2H4F2 11.735?[note 1] 0.048[note 2] 1,741[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 59,000[11] 200[11] 84.6[7] −42.6/−36.0[19]
HFC R-419A R-125/134a/E170 (77±1/19±1/4±1) 77±1% C2HF5 · 19±1% C2H2F4 · 4±1% C2H6O 24.9906[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,967[note 1] 1,000[11] A2[11] 70,000[11] 310[11] 109.3[7] −25.0/−24.2[19]
HCFC R-420A R-134a/142b (88+1,–0/12+0,–1) 88+1,–0% C2H2F4 · 12+0,–1% C2H3F2Cl Choice Refrigerant[26] 14.468[note 1] 0.0084[note 2] 1,548[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 45,000[11] 190[11] 101.8[7] −34.4/−28.8[19]
HFC R-421A R-125/134a (58±1/42±1) 58±1% C2HF5 · 42±1% C2H2F4 Choice R421A[26] 22.7[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,631[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 61,000[11] 280[11] 111.7[7]
HFC R-421B R-125/134a (85±1/15±1) 85±1% C2HF5 · 15±1% C2H2F4 Choice 421B[26] 26.75[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,190[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 69,000[11] 330[11] 116.9[7]
HFC R-422A R-125/134a/600a (85.1±1/11.5±1/3.4+.1,–.4) 85.1±1% C2HF5 · 11.5±1% C2H2F4 · 3.4+.1,–.4% C4H10 ISCEON 79[26] 26.697?[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,143[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 63,000[11] 290[11] 113.6[7]
HFC R-422B R-125/134a/600a (55±1/42±1/3+.1,–.5) 55±1% C2HF5 · 42±1% C2H2F4 · 3+.1,–.5% C4H10 ICOR XAC1[26] 22.19?[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,526[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 56,000[11] 250[11] 108.5[7]
HFC R-422C R-125/134a/600a (82±1/15±1/3+.1,–.5) 82±1% C2HF5 · 15±1% C2H2F4 · 3+.1,–.5% C4H10 ICOR XLT1[26] 26.24?[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,085[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 62,000[11] 290[11] 113.4[7]
HFC R-422D R-125/134a/600a (65.1+.9,–1.1/31.5±1/3.4+.1,–.4) 65.1+.9,–1.1% C2HF5 · 31.5±1% C2H2F4 · 3.4+.1,–.4% C4H10 ISCEON MO29[26] 23.697?[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,729[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 58,000[11] 260[11] 109.9[7]
HFC R-423A R-134a/227ea (52.5±1/47.5±1) 52.5±1% C2H2F4 · 47.5±1% C3HF7 23.595[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,280[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 59,000[11] 310[11] 126[7]
HFC R-424A R-125/134a/600a/600/601a (50.5±1/47±1/.9+.1,–.2/1+.1,+.2/.6+.1,–.2) 50.5±1% C2HF5 · 47±1% C2H2F4 · 1.9+.3,–.1% C4H10 · .6+.1,–.2% C5H12 RS-44 (new comp.)[26] 21.525?[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,440?[note 1] 970[11] A1[11] 23,000[11] 100[11] 108.4[7]
HFC R-425A R-32/134a/227ea (18.5±.5/69.5±.5/12±.5) 18.5±.5% CH2F2 · 69.5±.5% C2H2F4 · 12±.5% C3HF7 14.7405[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,505[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 72,000[28] 260[28] 90.3[7]
HFC R-426A R-125/134a/600/601a (5.1±1/93±1/1.3+.1,–.2/.6+.1,–.2) 5.1±1% C2HF5 · 93±1% C2H2F4 · 1.3+.1,–.2% C4H10 · .6+.1,–.2% C5H12 RS-24 (new comp.)[26] 14.727?[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,508?[note 1] 990[11] A1[11] 20,000[11] 83[11] 101.6[7]
HFC R-427A R-32/125/143a/134a (15±2/25±2/10±2/50±2) 15±2% CH2F2 · 25±2% C2HF5 · 10±2% C2H3F3 · 50±2% C2H2F4 Forane 427A[26] 20.185[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,138[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 79,000[28] 290[28] 90.4[7]
HFC R-428A R-125/143a/290/600a (77.5±1/20±1/.6+.1,–.2/1.9+.1,–.2) 77.5±1% C2HF5 · 20±1% C2H3F3 · .6+.1,–.2% C3H8 · 1.9+.1,–.2% C4H10 RS-52[26] 33.175?[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 3,607[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 83,000[31] 370[31] 107.5[7]
HFC R-429A R-E170/152a/600a (60±1/10±1/30±1) 60±1% C2H6O · 10±1% C2H4F2 · 30±1% C4H10 3.749?[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 13.9[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 6,300[11] 13[11] 50.8[7]
HFC R-430A R-152a/600a (76±1/24±1) 76±1% C2H4F2 · 24±1% C4H10 3.944?[note 1] 0[note 2] 95[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 8,000[11] 21[11] 64[7]
HFC R-431A R-290/152a (71±1/29±1) 71±1% C3H8 · 29±1% C2H4F2 8.926?[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 38.3[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 5,500[11] 11[11] 48.8[7]
HO R-432A R-1270/E170 (80±1/20±1) 80±1% C3H6 · 20±1% C2H6O 9.603?[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 1.64[note 1] 710[11] A3[11] 1,200[11] 2.1[11] 42.8[7]
HO R-433A R-1270/290 (30±1/70±1) 30±1% C3H6 · 70±1% C3H8 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 2.85[note 1] 880[11] A3[11] 3,100[11] 5.5[11] 43.5[7] −44.6/−44.2?
HO R-433B R-1270/290 (5±1/95±1) 5±1% C3H6 · 95±1% C3H8 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 3.23[note 1] 950[32] A3[32] 4,500[32] 8.1[32] 44[7] −42.7/−42.5[32]
HO R-433C R-1270/290 (25±1/75±1) 25±1% C3H6 · 75±1% C3H8 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 2.93[note 1] 790[32] A3[32] 3,600[32] 6.6[32] 43.6[7] −44.3/−43.9[32]
HFC R-434A R-125/143a/134a/600a (63.2±1/18±1/16±1/2.8+.1,–.2) 63.2±1% C2HF5 · 18±1% C2H3F3 · 16±1% C2H2F4 · 2.8+.1,–.2% C4H10 RS-45[26] 30.264?[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,245[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 73,000[11] 320[11] 105.7[7] −45.0/−42.3[33]
HFC R-435A R-E170/152a (80±1/20±1) 80±1% C2H6O · 20±1% C2H4F2 0.292[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 25.6[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 8,500[11] 17[11] 49[7] −26.1/−25.9[11]
HC R-436A R-290/600a (56±1/44±1) 56±1% C3H8 · 44±1% C4H10 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] <0(smog)[note 2] 3.17[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 4,000[11] 8[11] 49.3[7] −34.3/−26.2[11]
HC R-436B R-290/600a (52±1/48±1) 52±1% C3H8 · 48±1% C4H10 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] <0(smog)[note 2] 3.16[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 4,000[11] 8[11] 49.9[7] −33.4/−25.0[11]
HFC R-437A R-125/134a/600/601 (19.5+.5,–1.8/78.5+1.5,–.7/1.4+.1,–.2/.6+.1,–.2) 19.5+.5,–1.8% C2HF5 · 78.5+1.5,–.7% C2H2F4 · 1.4+.1,–.2% C4H10 · .6+.1,–.2% C5H12 16.885?[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,805?[note 1] 990[11] A1[11] 19,000[11] 81[11] 103.7[7] −32.9/−29.2[11]
HFC R-438A R-32/125/134a/600/601a (8.5+.5,-1.5/45±1.5/44.2±1.5/1.7+.1,-.2/.6+.1,-.2) 8.5+.5,-1.5% CH2F2 · 45±1.5% C2HF5 · 44.2±1.5% C2H2F4 · 1.7+.1,-.2% C4H10 · .6+.1,-.2% C5H12 KDD5,[26] ISCEON MO99[26] 19.9305?[note 1] 0[note 2] 2,265?[note 1] 990[27] A1[27] 20,000[28] 79[28] 99.1[7] −43.0/−36.4[27]
HFC R-439A R-32/125/600a (50±1/47±1/3±.5) 50±1% CH2F2 · 47±1% C2HF5 · 3±.5% C4H10 16.44?[note 1] 0[note 2] 1,983[note 1] 990[18] A2[18] 26,000[18] 76[18] 71.2[7] −52.0/−51.8[18]
HFC R-440A R-290/134a/152a (.6±.1/1.6±.6/97.8±.5) .6±.1% C3H8 · 1.6±.6% C2H2F4 · 97.8±.5% C2H4F2 1.6652?[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 144[note 1] 1,000[18] A2[18] 12,000[18] 31[18] 66.2[7] −25.5/−24.3[18]
HC R-441A R-170/290/600a/600 (3.1±.3/54.8±2/6±.6/36.1±2) 3.1±.3% C2H6 · 54.8±2% C3H8 · 42.1±2.6% C4H10 HCR-188C[26] 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] <0(smog)[note 2] 3.6[note 1] 1,000[18] A3[18] 3,200[18] 6.3[18] 48.3[7] −41.9/−20.4[18]
HFC /

HFO[34]

R-448A R-32/125/134a/1234ze/1234yf

(26%/26%/21%/7%/20%)[34]

26% CH2F2  ·
26% C2HF5  ·
21% C2H2F4  ·

7% C3H2F4  ·
20% C3H2F4[34]

Solistice N-40[34] 0[34] 1273[34] A1[34] 189.9[34] −45.9[35] 83.7[34] 4,660[34]
HFO R-449A R-32/R-125/134a/1234yf
(24.3%/24.7%/25.7%/25.3%) 		24.3% CH2F2  ·
24.7% C2HF5  ·
25.7% C2H2F4  ·
25.3% C3H2F4 		Forane 449a[36] 0 1,282[36] A1[36] 87.2[36] −45.9[36] 81.5[36]
HFO R-452B R-32/R-125/1234yf
(67.0%/7.0%/26.0%) 		67.0% CH2F2  ·
7.0% C2HF5  ·
26.0% C3H2F4 		Opteon XL55,[37] Solstice L41y[38] 0 676[37][38] A2L[38] 63.5[38] −50.9/−50.1[38] 76.0[38] 5,220[38]
HFC R-453A R-32/125/134a/227ea/600/601a
(20%/20%/53.8%/5%/0.6%/0.6%) 		20.0% CH2F2  ·
20.0% C2HF5  ·
53.8% C2H2F4  ·
5.0% C3HF7  ·
0.6% C4H10  ·
0.6% C5H12 		RS-70[39] 0 1,765[39] 1,000[39] A1[39] 88.8[39] −42.2[39] 87.9[39] 4,530[39]
HFO R-454A R-32/1234yf (35.0%/65.0%) 35.0% CH2F2  ·
65.0% C3H2F4 		Opteon XL40[40] 0 239[40] A2L[40] 80.5[40] −48.3[40] 78.9[40]
HFO R-454B R-32/1234yf (68.9%/31.1%) 68.9% CH2F2  ·
31.1% C3H2F4 		Opteon XL41,[41] Puron Advance[42] 0 466[41] A2L[41] 62.6[41] −50.9[41] 77.0[41]
HFO R-454C R-32/1234yf (21.5%/78.5%) 21.5% CH2F2  ·
78.5% C3H2F4 		Opteon XL20[43] 0 148[43] A2L[43] 90.8[43] −45.9[43] 82.4[43]
HFO R-455A R-32/1234yf/744 (75.5%/21.5%/3%) 21.5% CH2F2  ·
75.5% C3H2F4  ·
3% CO2 		Solstice L40x[44] 0 146[44] A2L[44] 87.5[44] −52.3/−39.4[44] 85.6[44] 4,660[44]
HFO R-456A R-32/134a/1234ze(E) (6.0%/45.0%/49.0%) 6.0% CH2F2  ·
45.0% C2H2F4  ·
49.0% C3H2F4 		0 687 102.4
HFO R-457A R-32/152a/1234yf
(18.0%/12.0%/70.0%) 		18.0% CH2F2  ·
12.0% C2H4F2  ·
70.0% C3H2F4 		Forane 457a[45] 0 139[46] A2L[46] 92.6
HFC R-458A R-32/125/134a/227ea/236fa (20.5%/4.0%/61.4%/13.5%/0.6%) 20.5% CH2F2 ·
4.0% C2HF5 ·
61.4% C2H3F3 ·
13.5% C3HF7 ·
0.6% C3H2F6 		0 1,650[47] 92.0
HFO R-459A R-32/1234yf(E)/1234ze(E) (68.0%/26.0%/6.0%) 68.0% CH2F2  ·
26.0% C3H2F4  ·
6.0% C3H2F4 		Forane 459a[45] 0 460
HCFC R-500 R-12/152a (73.8/26.2) 73.8% CCl2F2 · 26.2% C2H4F2 Carrene #7[9] 74.1668[note 1] 0.738[note 2] 8,077[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 30,000[11] 120[11] 99.3[7] −33/0[19] 102.15[9] 4,173[9]
HCFC R-501 R-22/12 (75/25) 75% CHClF2 · 25% CCl2F2 34[note 1] 0.2875[note 2] 4,083[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 54,000[11] 210[11] 93.1[7] −41/−41[19] 96.19[9] 4,764[9]
HCFC R-502 R-22/115 (48.8/51.2) 48.8% CHClF2 · 51.2% C2F5Cl 876.256[note 1] 0.24968[note 2] 4,657[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 73,000[11] 330[11] 111.6[7] −45/19[19] 80.73[9] 4,019[9]
HCFC R-503 R-23/13 (40.1/59.9) 40.1% CHF3 · 59.9% CClF3 491.63[note 1] 0.599[note 2] 14,560[note 1] 1,000[11] A1? 40,000? 200? 87.2[7] −88/88[19] 18.43[9] 4,265[9]
HCFC R-504 R-32/115 (48.2/51.8) 48.2% CH2F2 · 51.8% C2F5Cl 882.9618[note 1] 0.22792[note 2] 4,143[note 1] 1,000[11] A1? 140,000[28] 450[28] 79.2[7] −57/17[19] 62.13[9] 4,439[9]
HCFC R-505 R-12/31 (78/22) 78% CCl2F2 · 22% CH2FCl 78.0836+[note 1] 0.7844[note 2] 8,504+[note 1] 350? B2? 10,000? 20? 103.5[7] −30/115[19] 117.78[9] 4,730[9]
HCFC R-506 R-31/114 (55.1/44.9) 55.1% CH2FCl · 44.9% C2F4Cl2 134.90938+[note 1] 0.46002[note 2] 4,495+[note 1] 350? B2? 10,000? 20? 93.7[7] −12/18[19] 142.22[9] 5,157[9]
HFC R-507[A] R-125/143a (50/50) 50% C2HF5 · 50% C2H3F3 AZ-50[9][26] 40.5[note 1] 0[note 2] 3,985[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 130,000[11] 520[11] 98.9[7] −46.7/−40[19] 70.74[9] 3,715[9]
HFC R-508[A] R-23/116 (39/61) 39% CHF3 · 61% C2F6 Klea 5R3[9][26] 6,205.3[note 1] 0[note 2] 13,214[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 55,000[11] 220[11] 100.1[7] −86/−86[19] 11.01[9] 3,701[9]
HFC R-508B R-23/116 (46/54) 46% CHF3 · 54% C2F6 Suva 95[9][26] 5,524.2[note 1] 0[note 2] 13,396[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 52,000[11] 200[11] 95.4[7] -88.3/−45.6[19] 12.06[9] 3,834[9]
HCFC R-509[A] R-22/218 (44/56) 44% CHClF2 · 56% C3F8 Arcton TP5R2[9] 1,461.28[note 1] 0.022[note 2] 5,741[note 1] 1,000[11] A1[11] 75,000[11] 390[11] 124[7] −47/0[19] 87.22[9] 4,033[9]
HC R-510[A] R-E170/600a (88±.5/12±.5) 88±.5% C2H6O · 12±.5% C4H10 1.4532?[note 1] <0(smog)[note 2] 1.24[note 1] 1,000[11] A3[11] 7,300[11] 14[11] 47.2[7] −25.2/−25.2[11]
HC R-511[A] R-290/E170 (95±1/5±1) 95±1% C3H8 · 5±1% C2H6O 11.40075?[note 1] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 3.19[note 1] 1,000[28] A3[28] 5,300[28] 9.5[28] 44.2[7] −42.1/−20-40[28]
HFO R-513A R-1234yf/134a (56%/44%) 56% C3H2F4  · 44% C2H2F4 0[48] 573[48] A1[48] 108.4[48] −29.4[48] 96.5[48] 3,766[46]
HFO R-514A R-1336mzz-Z/trans-1,2-Dichloroethene(t-DCE)(74.7%/25.3%)[49] 74.7% C4H2F6  · 25.3% C2H2CL2[50] 0 2 B1 139.6 29.1 96.5 3,520
HFO R-515B R-1234ze/227ea 299[51]
HC R-600 Butane C4H10 or CH3CH2CH2CH3 106-97-8 6.8 days[22] 0[17] 4.0[3]–6.5[22] 1,000[11] A3[11] 4,000? 9.6? 58.1[7] 0[19]±1[8] 152.01[9] 3,796[9]
HC R-600a Isobutane C4H10 or CH(CH3)2CH3 75-28-5 12 ± 3[52][lower-alpha 5] 0[17][53] 3[53] 1,000[11] A3[11] 4,000[11] 9.6[11] 58.1[7] −11.7[8] 134.7[9] 3,640[9]
HC R-601 Pentane C5H12 or CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 109-66-0 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] 0[17] 4 ± 2[lower-alpha 6] 600[11] A3[33] 1,000[33] 2.9[33] 72.1[7] 36.1[33]±.2[8] 196.56[9] 3,358[9]
HC R-601a Isopentane C5H12 or (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 78-78-4 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] 0[17] 4 ± 2[lower-alpha 6] 600[11] A3[11] 1,000[11] 2.9[11] 72.1[7] 27.7[8] 187.78[9] 3,378[9]
HC R-610 Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) CH3CH2OCH2CH3 60-29-7 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 4 ± 2[lower-alpha 6] 400[11] A3? 74.1[7] 34.6[8] 193.65[9] 3,640[9]
HC R-611 Methyl formate HCOOCH3 107-31-3 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] 0[17][53] < 25[17][53] 100[11] B2[11] 60.1[7] 32[8][19] 213.55[9] 6,000[9]
HC HC-12a Propane/isobutane[54] 40–70% C3H8 · 30–60% C4H6 (by volume) −33
HC HC-22a Propane[54] C3H8 98% by volume −42
HC HC-502a Propane/ethane[54] C3H8 60–100% · C2H6 3-7% (by volume) −49
HFC / HFO DR-14A[55] 415 −20.4 110.7 3,960
HFC SP34E[56] R-134a (98.5%) C2H2F4 (98.5%)
R-630 Methylamine CH3NH2 74-89-5 31.1[7] −6[8] 156.89[9] 7,460[9]
R-631 Ethylamine CH3CH2(NH2) 75-04-7 45.1[7] 16.6[8] 183[9] 5,620[9]
R-702 Hydrogen H2 1333-74-0 5.8[3] A3[11] 2.016[7] −252.87[8] −239.95[21] 1,300[21]
R-704 Helium He 7440-59-7 Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 9,340? A1[11] 4.002[7] −268.93[8] −267.96[21] 227[21]
R-717 Ammonia NH3 7664-41-7 < 0.019165[57] 0[57] 0[57] 25[11] B2L[18] 320[11] 0.22[11] 17.03[7] −33.34[8] 132.4[58] 11,280[58]
R-718 Water/Steam H2O 7732-18-5 0.026 0[59] 0.2 ± 0.2[3] A1[11] 18.02[7] 100[19] 373.946[21] 22,060[21]
R-720 Neon Ne 7440-01-9 Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 9,340? A1[11] 20.18[7] −246.08[8] −228.75[21] 2,760[21]
R-728 Nitrogen N2 7727-37-9 Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] A1[11] 28.01[7] −195.79[8] −146.9[21] 3,390[21]
R-729 Air N2/O2/Ar (78.082/20.945/.934 vol%) 78.082% N2 · 20.945% O2 · .934% Ar Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] 0[59][lower-alpha 7] 0.00054+[3] A1? 28.97[7] −192.97? −140.53[9] 3,785[9]
R-732 Oxygen O2 7782-44-7 Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] < 0[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] A1? 32[7] −182.95[8] −118.6[21] 5,050[21]
R-740 Argon Ar 7440-37-1 Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 9,340? A1[11] 39.95[7] −185.85[8] −122.4[21] 4,870[21]
R-744 Carbon dioxide CO2 124-38-9 29,300-36,100[60] 0[17] 1[3] 5,000[11] A1[11] 40,000[11] 72[11] 44[7] −78[8][19] 31.04[21] 7,380[21]
R-744A Nitrous oxide N2O 10024-97-2 114[3] 0.017[20] 265[5] A1? 44[7] −88.48[8] 36.4[21] 7,240[21]
R-764 Sulfur dioxide SO2 7446-09-5 5[61] B1[11] 100[61] 0.262[61] 64.1[7] −10[8][19] 157.65[9] 7,880[9]
R-784 Krypton Kr 7439-90-9 Unlimited[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 0[lower-alpha 7] 9,340? A1? 83.80[7] −153.22[8] −63.8[21] 5,500[21]
CFO R-1112a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene C2Cl2F2 79-35-6 132.9[7]
CFO R-1113 Chlorotrifluoroethylene C2ClF3 79-38-9 116.5[7] −27.8[8]
PFO R-1114 Tetrafluoroethylene C2F4 116-14-3 0[lower-alpha 4] 100[7] −76.3[8]
HCO R-1120 Trichloroethylene (trielene) C2HCl3 79-01-6 131.4[7] 87.2[8] 297.78[9] 4,909[9]
HCO R-1130(E) trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene C2H2Cl2 156-60-5 0[17] < 25[17] 96.9[7] 48.5[8] 243.28[9] 5,481[9]
HFO R-1132a 1,1-Difluoroethylene C2H2F2 75-38-7 0[lower-alpha 4] 64[7] −83[62] 29.7[9] 4,458[9]
HCO R-1140 Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) C2H3Cl 75-01-4 100? B3[6] 62.5[7] −13.4[8] 151.83[9] 5,150[9]
HFO R-1141 Fluoroethylene (vinyl fluoride) C2H3F 75-02-5 0[lower-alpha 4] 46[7] −72.2[8]
HO R-1150 Ethene (Ethylene) CH2=CH2 74-85-1 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 3.7[3] 200[11] A3[11] 28.05[7] −103.7[8] 9.19[9] 5,040[9]
PFO R-1216 Hexafluoropropylene C3F6 116-15-4 1,000+[3][4] 0[lower-alpha 4] 17,340+[3] 150[7] −28[8]
PFO R-1218 Hexafluoropropene trimer (C3F6)3 6792-31-0 0[lower-alpha 4] 450.1[7]
HCFO R-1224yd(Z) (Z)-2,3,3,3,-Tetrafluoro-1-Chloropropene[63][64][65] (Z)-CF3-CF=CHCl 111512-60-8
HCFO R-1233zd(E) trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene C3H2ClF3 102687-65-0 0.0712328[66] 0[66] 1[66] 130.5[7] 19
HFO R-1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C3H2F4 754-12-1 0.030116[67] 0[53] 4[53][67] 500[68] A2L[18] 16,000[69] 75[69] 114[7] −29.4[69]
HFO R-1234ze(E) trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene C3H2F4 29118-24-9 0[53] 6[53] 800[28] A2L[28] 16,000[28] 75[28] 114[7] −19.0[8][28]
HO R-1270 Propene (Propylene) C3H6 or CH3CH=CH2 115-07-1 12 ± 3[lower-alpha 5] < 0(smog)[lower-alpha 5] 1.8[3] 500[11] A3[11] 1,000[11] 1.7[11] 42.1[7] −47.6[8] 92.42[9] 4,665[9]
HFO R-1336mzz(E)[55] trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene C4H2F6 66711-86-2 0 18 7.5 137.7 3,150
HFO R-1336mzz(Z) (DR-2)[55][70] cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) 692-49-9 0 2 A1 37.4 171.3 2,900
T
y
p
e 		ASHRAE
number 		IUPAC chemical name Molecular
formula 		CAS no/
blend
name 		Atmospheric
lifetime
(years) 		Semi-
empirical
ODP 		Net
GWP
100-yr 		OEL/PEL
ppm (v/v) &
ASHRAE 34
safety group 		RCL/IDLH Molecular
mass
u 		Boiling, or
bubble/dew
/azeotropic
point(s) °C 		Critical
temp.
°C 		Critical
pressure,
absolute
kPa
ppm
(v/v) 		g/m3

Type and flammability

Legends
Types / Prefixes[71]
Type Meaning Atoms in the Molecule
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon Cl, F, C
CFO Chlorofluoroolefin
HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon H, Cl, F, C
HCFO Hydrochlorofluoroolefin
HFC Hydrofluorocarbon H, F, C
HFO Hydrofluoroolefin
HCC Hydrochlorocarbon H, Cl, C
HCO Hydrochloroolefin
HC Hydrocarbon H, C
HO Olefin (Alkene)
PFC Perfluorocarbon F, C
PFO Perfluoroolefin
PCC Perchlorocarbon Cl, C
H Halon/Haloalkane Br, Cl (in some but not all), F, H (in some but not all), C
Safety Classification of Refrigerants[72]
Flammability in Air @ 60 °C & 101.3 kPa ASHRAE 34 Safety group
Higher Flammability
LFL or ETFL60 = 100 g/m3 OR HOC = 19 MJ/kg[73]		 A3 B3
Lower Flammability
LFL or ETFL60 > 100 g/m3 & HOC < 19 MJ/kg[73]		 A2 B2
Lower Flammability
LFL or ETFL60 > 100 g/m3 & HOC < 19 MJ/kg[73]
with a maximum burning velocity of = 10 cm/s		 A2L B2L
No flame Propagation A1 B1
Flammability in Air @ 60 °C & 101.3 kPa Lower Toxicity
OEL ≥ 400 ppm[29]		 Higher Toxicity
OEL < 400 ppm[29]

LFL = Lower Flammability Limit
ETFL60 = Elevated Temperature Flame Limit @ 60 °C
HOC = Heat Of Combustion

Compounds used as refrigerants may be described using either the appropriate prefix above or with the prefixes "R-" or "Refrigerant." Thus, CFC-12 may also be written as R-12 or Refrigerant 12.
An alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.[74]

Educated Estimates
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Some CFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being one.[4][12]
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.74 2.75 2.76 2.77 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.84 2.85 2.86 2.87 2.88 2.89 2.90 2.91 2.92 2.93 2.94 2.95 Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP.[4][15]
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime[3][4] & net GWP over a 100-year time horizon.[3][4]
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 All HFCs, HFOs, PFCs & PFOs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being zero.[14][17]
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 Most hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime being 12 ± 3 years[3] & Semi-Empirical ODP being < 0(smog chemistry).[20]
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Pentane, Isopentane & Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) is assumed to have a net GWP over 100-yr to be 4 ± 2.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 Air, nitrogen, oxygen & the noble gases are assumed to have an unlimited Atmospheric Lifetime, a Semi-Empirical ODP of zero (except oxygen being slightly less than zero) & net GWP over 100-yr to be zero (except air being the sum of its parts).

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022 : Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants". Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2022. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines. 
  2. ↑ "Refrigerant blends to challenge hydrocarbon efficiencies". 22 December 2019. https://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/refrigerant-blends-to-challenge-hydrocarbon-efficiencies/. 
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46 3.47 3.48 3.49 3.50 3.51 3.52 3.53 3.54 3.55 3.56 3.57 3.58 3.59 3.60 3.61 3.62 3.63 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.67 3.68 3.69 3.70 3.71 3.72 3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 3.77 3.78 3.79 3.80 3.81 3.82 3.83 3.84 3.85 3.86 P. Forster; V. Ramaswamy; P. Artaxo; T. Berntsen; R. Betts; D.W. Fahey; J. Haywood; J. Lean et al. (2007). "Chapter 2: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing". in Solomon, S.; Miller, H.L.; Tignor, M. et al. (in en). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2.html. Retrieved 9 October 2016. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.47 4.48 4.49 4.50 4.51 4.52 4.53 4.54 John S. Daniel; Guus J.M. Velders; A.R. Douglass; P.M.D. Forster; D.A. Hauglustaine; I.S.A. Isaksen; L.J.M. Kuijpers; A. McCulloch et al. (2006). "Chapter 8. Halocarbon Scenarios, Ozone Depletion Potentials, and Global Warming Potentials". Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2006/chapters/chapter8.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2016. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 Myhre, G., D. Shindell, F.‐M. Bréon, W. Collins, J. Fuglestvedt, J. Huang, D. Koch, J.‐F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhang, 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.‐K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1997" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1997, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2000-11-15. https://ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards-addenda/addenda-for-standard-34-1997. 
  7. ↑ 7.000 7.001 7.002 7.003 7.004 7.005 7.006 7.007 7.008 7.009 7.010 7.011 7.012 7.013 7.014 7.015 7.016 7.017 7.018 7.019 7.020 7.021 7.022 7.023 7.024 7.025 7.026 7.027 7.028 7.029 7.030 7.031 7.032 7.033 7.034 7.035 7.036 7.037 7.038 7.039 7.040 7.041 7.042 7.043 7.044 7.045 7.046 7.047 7.048 7.049 7.050 7.051 7.052 7.053 7.054 7.055 7.056 7.057 7.058 7.059 7.060 7.061 7.062 7.063 7.064 7.065 7.066 7.067 7.068 7.069 7.070 7.071 7.072 7.073 7.074 7.075 7.076 7.077 7.078 7.079 7.080 7.081 7.082 7.083 7.084 7.085 7.086 7.087 7.088 7.089 7.090 7.091 7.092 7.093 7.094 7.095 7.096 7.097 7.098 7.099 7.100 7.101 7.102 7.103 7.104 7.105 7.106 7.107 7.108 7.109 7.110 7.111 7.112 7.113 7.114 7.115 7.116 7.117 7.118 7.119 7.120 7.121 7.122 7.123 7.124 7.125 7.126 7.127 7.128 7.129 7.130 7.131 7.132 7.133 7.134 7.135 7.136 7.137 7.138 7.139 7.140 7.141 7.142 7.143 7.144 7.145 7.146 7.147 7.148 7.149 7.150 7.151 7.152 7.153 7.154 7.155 7.156 7.157 7.158 7.159 7.160 7.161 7.162 7.163 7.164 7.165 7.166 7.167 7.168 7.169 7.170 7.171 7.172 7.173 7.174 7.175 7.176 7.177 7.178 7.179 7.180 7.181 7.182 7.183 7.184 7.185 7.186 7.187 7.188 7.189 7.190 7.191 7.192 7.193 7.194 7.195 7.196 7.197 7.198 7.199 7.200 7.201 7.202 7.203 7.204 7.205 7.206 7.207 7.208 7.209 7.210 7.211 7.212 7.213 7.214 7.215 7.216 7.217 7.218 7.219 7.220 7.221 7.222 7.223 7.224 7.225 7.226 7.227 7.228 7.229 7.230 7.231 7.232 7.233 7.234 7.235 7.236 7.237 7.238 7.239 7.240 7.241 7.242 7.243 7.244 7.245 7.246 7.247 7.248 7.249 7.250 7.251 7.252 7.253 7.254 7.255 7.256 7.257 7.258 7.259 7.260 7.261 7.262 7.263 7.264 7.265 7.266 7.267 7.268 7.269 7.270 7.271 7.272 7.273 7.274 7.275 7.276 7.277 7.278 7.279 7.280 7.281 7.282 7.283 7.284 7.285 7.286 7.287 7.288 7.289 7.290 7.291 7.292 7.293 7.294 7.295 7.296 7.297 7.298 7.299 7.300 7.301 7.302 7.303 7.304 7.305 7.306 7.307 7.308 7.309 7.310 7.311 7.312 7.313 7.314 7.315 7.316 7.317 7.318 7.319 7.320 7.321 7.322 7.323 7.324 7.325 7.326 7.327 7.328 7.329 7.330 7.331 7.332 7.333 7.334 7.335 7.336 7.337 7.338 7.339 7.340 7.341 Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2010-12-12). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. ISSN 1365-3075. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 8.46 8.47 8.48 8.49 8.50 8.51 8.52 8.53 8.54 8.55 8.56 8.57 8.58 8.59 8.60 8.61 8.62 8.63 8.64 8.65 8.66 8.67 8.68 8.69 8.70 8.71 8.72 8.73 8.74 8.75 Wikipedia:Chemical infobox#References
  9. ↑ 9.000 9.001 9.002 9.003 9.004 9.005 9.006 9.007 9.008 9.009 9.010 9.011 9.012 9.013 9.014 9.015 9.016 9.017 9.018 9.019 9.020 9.021 9.022 9.023 9.024 9.025 9.026 9.027 9.028 9.029 9.030 9.031 9.032 9.033 9.034 9.035 9.036 9.037 9.038 9.039 9.040 9.041 9.042 9.043 9.044 9.045 9.046 9.047 9.048 9.049 9.050 9.051 9.052 9.053 9.054 9.055 9.056 9.057 9.058 9.059 9.060 9.061 9.062 9.063 9.064 9.065 9.066 9.067 9.068 9.069 9.070 9.071 9.072 9.073 9.074 9.075 9.076 9.077 9.078 9.079 9.080 9.081 9.082 9.083 9.084 9.085 9.086 9.087 9.088 9.089 9.090 9.091 9.092 9.093 9.094 9.095 9.096 9.097 9.098 9.099 9.100 9.101 9.102 9.103 9.104 9.105 9.106 9.107 9.108 9.109 9.110 9.111 9.112 9.113 9.114 9.115 9.116 9.117 9.118 9.119 9.120 9.121 9.122 9.123 9.124 9.125 9.126 9.127 9.128 9.129 9.130 9.131 9.132 9.133 9.134 9.135 9.136 9.137 9.138 9.139 9.140 9.141 9.142 9.143 9.144 9.145 9.146 9.147 9.148 9.149 9.150 9.151 9.152 9.153 9.154 9.155 9.156 9.157 9.158 9.159 9.160 9.161 9.162 9.163 9.164 9.165 9.166 9.167 9.168 9.169 9.170 9.171 9.172 9.173 9.174 9.175 9.176 9.177 9.178 9.179 9.180 9.181 9.182 9.183 9.184 9.185 9.186 9.187 9.188 9.189 9.190 9.191 9.192 9.193 9.194 9.195 9.196 9.197 9.198 9.199 9.200 9.201 9.202 9.203 9.204 9.205 9.206 9.207 9.208 9.209 9.210 9.211 9.212 9.213 9.214 9.215 9.216 9.217 9.218 9.219 9.220 9.221 9.222 9.223 9.224 9.225 9.226 9.227 9.228 9.229 9.230 9.231 9.232 9.233 9.234 Schoen, J. Andrew, "Listing of Refrigerants", Andy's HVAC/R Web Page, http://www.jandrewschoen.com/refchart.pdf, retrieved 2011-12-17 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. (2014), "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing", Climate Change 2013 - the Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press, pp. 659–740, doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.018, ISBN 9781107415324 
  11. ↑ 11.000 11.001 11.002 11.003 11.004 11.005 11.006 11.007 11.008 11.009 11.010 11.011 11.012 11.013 11.014 11.015 11.016 11.017 11.018 11.019 11.020 11.021 11.022 11.023 11.024 11.025 11.026 11.027 11.028 11.029 11.030 11.031 11.032 11.033 11.034 11.035 11.036 11.037 11.038 11.039 11.040 11.041 11.042 11.043 11.044 11.045 11.046 11.047 11.048 11.049 11.050 11.051 11.052 11.053 11.054 11.055 11.056 11.057 11.058 11.059 11.060 11.061 11.062 11.063 11.064 11.065 11.066 11.067 11.068 11.069 11.070 11.071 11.072 11.073 11.074 11.075 11.076 11.077 11.078 11.079 11.080 11.081 11.082 11.083 11.084 11.085 11.086 11.087 11.088 11.089 11.090 11.091 11.092 11.093 11.094 11.095 11.096 11.097 11.098 11.099 11.100 11.101 11.102 11.103 11.104 11.105 11.106 11.107 11.108 11.109 11.110 11.111 11.112 11.113 11.114 11.115 11.116 11.117 11.118 11.119 11.120 11.121 11.122 11.123 11.124 11.125 11.126 11.127 11.128 11.129 11.130 11.131 11.132 11.133 11.134 11.135 11.136 11.137 11.138 11.139 11.140 11.141 11.142 11.143 11.144 11.145 11.146 11.147 11.148 11.149 11.150 11.151 11.152 11.153 11.154 11.155 11.156 11.157 11.158 11.159 11.160 11.161 11.162 11.163 11.164 11.165 11.166 11.167 11.168 11.169 11.170 11.171 11.172 11.173 11.174 11.175 11.176 11.177 11.178 11.179 11.180 11.181 11.182 11.183 11.184 11.185 11.186 11.187 11.188 11.189 11.190 11.191 11.192 11.193 11.194 11.195 11.196 11.197 11.198 11.199 11.200 11.201 11.202 11.203 11.204 11.205 11.206 11.207 11.208 11.209 11.210 11.211 11.212 11.213 11.214 11.215 11.216 11.217 11.218 11.219 11.220 11.221 11.222 11.223 11.224 11.225 11.226 11.227 11.228 11.229 11.230 11.231 11.232 11.233 11.234 11.235 11.236 11.237 11.238 11.239 11.240 11.241 11.242 11.243 11.244 11.245 11.246 11.247 11.248 11.249 11.250 11.251 11.252 11.253 11.254 11.255 11.256 11.257 11.258 11.259 11.260 11.261 11.262 11.263 11.264 11.265 11.266 11.267 11.268 11.269 11.270 11.271 11.272 11.273 11.274 11.275 11.276 11.277 11.278 11.279 11.280 11.281 11.282 11.283 11.284 11.285 11.286 11.287 11.288 11.289 11.290 11.291 11.292 11.293 11.294 11.295 11.296 11.297 11.298 11.299 11.300 11.301 11.302 11.303 11.304 11.305 11.306 11.307 11.308 11.309 11.310 11.311 11.312 11.313 11.314 11.315 11.316 11.317 11.318 11.319 11.320 11.321 11.322 11.323 11.324 11.325 11.326 11.327 11.328 11.329 11.330 11.331 11.332 11.333 11.334 11.335 11.336 11.337 11.338 11.339 11.340 11.341 11.342 11.343 11.344 11.345 11.346 11.347 11.348 11.349 11.350 11.351 11.352 11.353 11.354 11.355 11.356 11.357 11.358 11.359 11.360 11.361 11.362 11.363 11.364 11.365 11.366 11.367 11.368 11.369 11.370 11.371 11.372 11.373 11.374 11.375 11.376 11.377 11.378 11.379 11.380 11.381 11.382 11.383 11.384 11.385 11.386 11.387 "Addenda m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, and v to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2008-06-26. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20080807_34m_thru_34v_final.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 "Class I Ozone-depleting Substances". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/science/ods/classone.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum t to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2019: Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2019: Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. July 25, 2019. https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/technical%20resources/standards%20and%20guidelines/standards%20addenda/34_2019_t_2019725.pdf. 
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 "Global Warming Potentials of ODS Substitutes". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/geninfo/gwps.html. 
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 "Class II Ozone-depleting Substances". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/science/ods/classtwo.html. 
  16. ↑ The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. UNEP, 2000. ISBN:92-807-1888-6
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer: 2006 Report of the Rigid and Flexible Foams Technical Options Committee (FTOC); 2006 Assessment, Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Ozone Secretariat, March 2007, ISBN 978-92-807-2826-2, http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/TEAP/Reports/FTOC/ftoc_assessment_report06.pdf, retrieved 2010-12-16 
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 "Addenda e, f, g, and h to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2011-02-03. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/34_2010_efgh_forPosting.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 19.38 19.39 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.50 19.51 19.52 19.53 19.54 19.55 19.56 "Addenda d, j, l, m, and t to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2007-03-03. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20070613_342004_d_j_l_m_t_only.pdf. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Ravishankara, A. R.; Daniel, John S.; Portmann, Robert W. (2009-08-27), "Supporting Online Material for - Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century", Science (Washington, DC) 326 (5949): 123–125, doi:10.1126/science.1176985, PMID 19713491, Bibcode: 2009Sci...326..123R, https://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2009/08/27/1176985.DC1/Ravishankara.SOM.pdf, "Methane's influence on ozone is very dependent on altitude. In the troposphere and lower stratosphere it induces ozone production via "smog chemistry"(10), while at higher altitudes it causes ozone losses [...] The net effect is generally a gain in column ozone due to methane increases, both in the stratospheric column and total column(11). Thus, unlike for N2O, a calculated ODP for methane would likely be negative." 
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.20 21.21 Critical point (thermodynamics)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Hodnebrog, ∅.; Dalsøren, S.; Myhre, G. (2018), "Lifetimes, direct and indirect radiative forcing, and global warming potentials of ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10)", Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2018;19:e804 (2): e804, doi:10.1002/asl.804, Bibcode: 2018AtScL..19E.804H 
  23. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 3.22. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; McGillen, Max R.; Smith, Shona C.; Jubb, Aaron M.; Portmann, Robert W.; Hall, Bradley D.; Fleming, Eric L.; Jackman, Charles H. et al. (2013). "1,2-Dichlorohexafluoro-cyclobutane (1,2-c-C4F6Cl2, R-316c) a Potent Ozone Depleting Substance and Greenhouse Gas: Atmospheric Loss Processes, Lifetimes, and Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials for the (E) and (Z) Stereoisomers". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117 (43): 11049–11065. doi:10.1021/jp407823k. PMID 24079521. Bibcode: 2013JPCA..11711049P. 
  25. ↑ Hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being < 0(smog chemistry)
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 26.13 26.14 26.15 26.16 26.17 26.18 26.19 26.20 26.21 26.22 26.23 26.24 26.25 26.26 26.27 26.28 26.29 26.30 26.31 26.32 Composition of Refrigerant Blends, US EPA, 18 November 2014, https://www.epa.gov/snap/compositions-refrigerant-blends, retrieved 2022-07-19 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 "Addenda af and ag to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2009-06-25. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20090824_34_2007_af_ag_final.pdf. 
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 28.22 28.23 28.24 28.25 28.26 28.27 28.28 28.29 28.30 28.31 28.32 28.33 "Addenda i, j, k, l, n, and o to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2011-06-30. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/34_ijklno_Final.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 29.8 29.9 "Addenda a, b, and d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010-07-01. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20100916_34_2010_a_b_d_final.pdf. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 IPCC Assessment Report 4 (AR4) 2007, Table 2.14, page 212
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Addenda a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2007-06-28. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20070706_34_2007a_b_c_d_e_f_g_h.pdf. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.9 "Addenda x, y, aa, ab, ac, ad, and ae to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2009-01-29. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20090224_ad342007x_y_aa_ab_ac_ad_ae.pdf. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 "Addenda i, j, and k to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2008-01-24. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20080618_34_2007_i_j_k_final.pdf. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.9 "Solstice® N40 (R-448A) | European Refrigerants". https://www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/europe/product/solstice-n40/. 
  35. ↑ "Solstice N40 TDS". https://www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/europe/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Solstice-N40-TDS-141216-vF.pdf. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 "Forane® 449A (XP40) Refrigerant - Product Information". Arkema. https://www.forane.com/en/forane-refrigerants/our-products/product-viewer/Forane-449A-XP40/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Opteon™ XL55 Refrigerant - Product Information". Chemours. https://www.opteon.com/en/−/media/files/opteon/opteon-xl55-product-information.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.6 "Solstice® L41y (R-452B) Refrigerant - Brochure". Honeywell. https://www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/europe/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Solstice-L41y-Brochure_EN.pdf. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 39.7 "Features and uses of RS-70". Gas Servei. https://gas-servei.com/shop/docs/technical-data-sheet-r-453a-rs-70-gas-servei.pdf. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 "Opteon™ XL40 Refrigerant - Product Information". Chemours. https://www.opteon.com/en/−/media/files/opteon/opteon-xl40-pib-en.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 "Opteon™ XL41 Refrigerant - Product Information". Chemours. https://www.opteon.com/en/-/media/files/opteon/opteon-xl41-product-information.pdf. 
  42. ↑ "Carrier Introduces Puron Advance™". Carrier. 19 December 2018. https://www.carrier.com/residential/en/us/news/news-article/carrier_introduces_puron_advance_the_next_generation_refrigerant.html. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 "Opteon™ XL20 Refrigerant - Product Information". Chemours. https://www.opteon.com/en/−/media/files/opteon/opteon-xl20-pib-en.pdf. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 44.6 "Solstice® L40X (R-455A) | European Refrigerants" (in en-US). https://www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/europe/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Honeywell-Solstice%C3%82%C2%AE-L40X-TDS_EN.pdf. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Fluorinated alternatives in residential and light commercial applications - Forane Refrigerants". Arkema. https://ccacoalition.org/sites/default/files/2017_technology-airconditioning-workshop_SessionIIA_Karpman.pdf. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 "Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Listing of Substitutes Under the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program". 2020-06-12. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/06/12/2020-11990/protection-of-stratospheric-ozone-listing-of-substitutes-under-the-significant-new-alternatives. 
  47. ↑ "Federal Register :: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 33 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program" (in en-US). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/07/21/2017-15379/protection-of-stratospheric-ozone-determination-33-for-significant-new-alternatives-policy-program#h-21. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 "Opteon™ XP10 (R-513A) refrigerant" (in en-US). www.chemours.com. https://www.chemours.com/Refrigerants/en_US/products/Opteon/Stationary_Refrigeration/products/Opteon_XP10.html. 
  49. ↑ https://www.opteon.com/en/-/media/files/opteon/opteon-xp30-product-information.pdf?la=en&rev=dbb567acf6554988840dff8d3c725d97 [bare URL PDF]
  50. ↑ "Trane adopts new low GWP refrigerant R514A". 15 June 2016. https://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/trane-adopts-new-low-gwp-refrigerant-r514a/. 
  51. ↑ "Honeywell launches R515B, its latest nonflammable HFO, as R134a replacement". 4 February 2020. https://www.racplus.com/news/honeywell-launches-r515b-its-latest-nonflammable-hfo-as-r134a-replacement-04-02-2020/. 
  52. ↑ PRODUCT SAFETY DATA SHEET - PRODUCT: RS-45 (R434A), Refrigerant Solutions Limited, 2001-10-01, http://www.refsols.com/files/RS-45/RS-45_safety_data.pdf, retrieved 2011-12-16 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.7 TRANSITIONING TO LOW-GWP - ALTERNATIVES IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION, US EPA, October 2010, http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/EPA_HFC_DomRef.pdf, retrieved 2011-12-17 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "HC Refrigerant". http://www.hcrefrigerant.com/msds.htm. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 http://hpc2017.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/O.3.3.4-Novel-Working-Fluid-HFO-1336mzzE-for-Use-in-Waste-Heat-Recovery-Applications.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  56. ↑ "EPA Adds SP34E to SNAP Program". https://www.achrnews.com/articles/84295-epa-adds-sp34e-to-snap-program. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 "II. ADVANTAGES OF AMMONIA AS A REFRIGERANT". Ammonia: The Natural Refrigerant of Choice (An IIAR Green Paper). International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration. https://www.iiar.org/aar/aar_green2.cfm. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Ammonia - NH3 - Properties". Engineering Toolbox. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ammonia-d_971.html. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "Refrigerants - Environment Properties". Engineering ToolBox. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/Refrigerants-Environment-Properties-d_1220.html. 
  60. ↑ Archer, David (2005). "Fate of fossil fuel CO2 in geologic time". Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (C9): C09S05.1–6. doi:10.1029/2004JC002625. Bibcode: 2005JGRC..110.9S05A. https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~archer/reprints/archer.2005.fate_co2.pdf. Retrieved 27 July 2007. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 "CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sulfur dioxide", National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA), 2010-11-18, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0575.html, retrieved 2012-02-06 
  62. ↑ "ICSC 0687 - VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE" (in en). http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0687. 
  63. ↑ "New HCFO refrigerant is ASHRAE listed" (in en-GB). 2017-10-23. https://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/new-hcfo-refrigerant-ashrae-listed/. 
  64. ↑ "NEC develops cooling technology for data centers that reduces air conditioning power by 50%" (in en). https://www.nec.com/en/press/201806/global_20180629_04.html. 
  65. ↑ "NEC, NTT develop data center cooling system using new low pressure refrigerant" (in en). https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nec-ntt-develop-data-center-cooling-system-using-new-low-pressure-refrigerant/. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 "Solstice® LBA Technical Brochure | Blowing Agents". https://www.honeywell-blowingagents.com/?document=solstice-lba-technical-brochure. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 GM First to Market Greenhouse Gas-Friendly Air Conditioning Refrigerant in U.S., Warren, Michigan: General Motors, 2010-07-23, https://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/news/news_detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/July/0723_refrigerant, retrieved 2010-12-27 
  68. ↑ "ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010: Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants". ASHRAE. 2011-07-27. https://www.ashrae.org//File%20Library/Technical%20Resources/Standards%20and%20Guidelines/Standards%20Addenda/34_2010_c_Final.pdf. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 "Addendum w to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2008-11-18. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20100120_34_2007_w_final.pdf. 
  70. ↑ https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2524&context=iracc [bare URL PDF]
  71. ↑ "Numbering Scheme for Ozone-Depleting Substances and their Substitutes". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. http://www.epa.gov/ozone/geninfo/numbers.html. 
  72. ↑ "ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum ak to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010-02-24. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20100309_34_2007_ak_final.pdf. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 "ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda z, ah, ai, and aj to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010-01-28. http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20100309_34_2007_z_ah_ai_aj_final.pdf. 
  74. ↑ Wade, Leroy G. Jr. (2006). Organic Chemistry (Sixth ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 279. ISBN 978-0-13-147871-8. OCLC 56876670. https://archive.org/details/organicchemistry00wade_388. 

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.006 1.007 1.008 1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013 1.014 1.015 1.016 1.017 1.018 1.019 1.020 1.021 1.022 1.023 1.024 1.025 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.029 1.030 1.031 1.032 1.033 1.034 1.035 1.036 1.037 1.038 1.039 1.040 1.041 1.042 1.043 1.044 1.045 1.046 1.047 1.048 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.055 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.061 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.067 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.085 1.086 1.087 1.088 1.089 1.090 1.091 1.092 1.093 1.094 1.095 1.096 1.097 1.098 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 1.108 1.109 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.115 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.119 1.120 1.121 1.122 1.123 1.124 1.125 1.126 1.127 1.128 1.129 1.130 1.131 1.132 1.133 1.134 1.135 1.136 1.137 1.138 1.139 1.140 1.141 1.142 1.143 1.144 1.145 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149 1.150 1.151 1.152 1.153 Blend Calculation using the following information: (a) Hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime being 12 ± 3 years, (b) Pentane & Isopentane is assumed to have a net GWP over 100-yr to be 4 ± 2
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.74 Blend Calculation using the following information:[4][12][15][14][17][25]



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