5-orthoplex

Regular 5-orthoplex (pentacross)
Orthogonal projection inside Petrie polygon
Type	Regular 5-polytope
Family	orthoplex
Schläfli symbol	{3,3,3,4} {3,3,31,1}
Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams
4-faces	32 {33}
Cells	80 {3,3}
Faces	80 {3}
Edges	40
Vertices	10
Vertex figure	16-cell
Petrie polygon	decagon
Coxeter groups	BC5, [3,3,3,4] D5, [32,1,1]
Dual	5-cube
Properties	convex, Hanner polytope

In five-dimensional geometry, a 5-orthoplex, or 5-cross polytope, is a five-dimensional polytope with 10 vertices, 40 edges, 80 triangle faces, 80 tetrahedron cells, 32 5-cell 4-faces.

It has two constructed forms, the first being regular with Schläfli symbol {3³,4}, and the second with alternately labeled (checkerboarded) facets, with Schläfli symbol {3,3,3^1,1} or Coxeter symbol 2₁₁.

It is a part of an infinite family of polytopes, called cross-polytopes or orthoplexes. The dual polytope is the 5-hypercube or 5-cube.

Alternate names

• pentacross, derived from combining the family name cross polytope with pente for five (dimensions) in Greek.
• Triacontaditeron (or triacontakaiditeron) - as a 32-facetted 5-polytope (polyteron).

As a configuration

This configuration matrix represents the 5-orthoplex. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells and 4-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 5-orthoplex. The nondiagonal numbers say how many of the column's element occur in or at the row's element.

[math]\displaystyle{ \begin{bmatrix}\begin{matrix} 10 & 8 & 24 & 32 & 16 \\ 2 & 40 & 6 & 12 & 8 \\ 3 & 3 & 80 & 4 & 4 \\ 4 & 6 & 4 & 80 & 2 \\ 5 & 10 & 10 & 5 & 32 \end{matrix}\end{bmatrix} }[/math]

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a 5-orthoplex, centered at the origin are

(±1,0,0,0,0), (0,±1,0,0,0), (0,0,±1,0,0), (0,0,0,±1,0), (0,0,0,0,±1)

Construction

There are three Coxeter groups associated with the 5-orthoplex, one regular, dual of the penteract with the C₅ or [4,3,3,3] Coxeter group, and a lower symmetry with two copies of 5-cell facets, alternating, with the D₅ or [3^2,1,1] Coxeter group, and the final one as a dual 5-orthotope, called a 5-fusil which can have a variety of subsymmetries.

Name	Coxeter diagram	Schläfli symbol	Symmetry	Order	Vertex figure(s)
regular 5-orthoplex		{3,3,3,4}	[3,3,3,4]	3840
Quasiregular 5-orthoplex		{3,3,31,1}	[3,3,31,1]	1920
5-fusil
		{3,3,3,4}	[4,3,3,3]	3840
		{3,3,4}+{}	[4,3,3,2]	768
		{3,4}+{4}	[4,3,2,4]	384
		{3,4}+2{}	[4,3,2,2]	192
		2{4}+{}	[4,2,4,2]	128
		{4}+3{}	[4,2,2,2]	64
		5{}	[2,2,2,2]	32

Other images

orthographic projections

Coxeter plane	B5	B4 / D5	B3 / D4 / A2
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[10]	[8]	[6]
Coxeter plane	B2	A3
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[4]	[4]

The perspective projection (3D to 2D) of a stereographic projection (4D to 3D) of the Schlegel diagram (5D to 4D) of the 5-orthoplex. 10 sets of 4 edges form 10 circles in the 4D Schlegel diagram: two of these circles are straight lines in the stereographic projection because they contain the center of projection.

Related polytopes and honeycombs

This polytope is one of 31 uniform 5-polytopes generated from the B₅ Coxeter plane, including the regular 5-cube and 5-orthoplex.

References

• H.S.M. Coxeter:
  • H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
  • Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN:978-0-471-01003-6 [1]
    • (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10]
    • (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
    • (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
• Norman Johnson Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript (1991)
  • N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D. (1966)
• Klitzing, Richard. "5D uniform polytopes (polytera) x3o3o3o4o - tac". https://bendwavy.org/klitzing/dimensions/polytera.htm. 

External links

• Olshevsky, George. "Cross polytope". Glossary for Hyperspace. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070204075028/members.aol.com/Polycell/glossary.html#Cross. 
• Polytopes of Various Dimensions
• Multi-dimensional Glossary