Astronomy:3C 173.1

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3C 173.1
Pan-STARRS image of 3C 173.1
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationCamelopardalis
Right ascension 07h 09m 18.17s[1]
Declination+74° 49′ 31.76″[1]
Redshift0.222900[1]
Helio radial velocity66,824 km/s[1]
Distance2.756 Gly
Apparent magnitude (B)19.98
Characteristics
TypeNLRG LEG[1]
Size~265,000 ly (81.2 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
4C +74.12, 2MASX J07091812+7449318, LEDA 2821895, 6C B070247.6+745415, 8C 0702+749, NRAO 0255, 2CXO J070918.0+744931[1]

3C 173.1 is a radio galaxy located in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.222[1] and it was first recorded as an astronomical radio source in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources survey in 1962.[2] In April 1965 the source was linked to an optical counterpart.[3]

Description

3C 173.1 is classified as a weak-line, low-excitation Fanaroff-Riley Class Type 2 radio galaxy with a steep spectrum radio source.[4][5][6] The host galaxy is an elliptical galaxy located inside a poor galaxy cluster, with a slightly boxy shaped appearance.[7][8] A low-surface brightness component of asymmetric widths is found in the northwest direction from the galaxy, indicating a recent galaxy merger.[7]

Imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) showed the galaxy's nucleus is partly obscured by a dust lane.[8][9] The dust morphology of the galaxy is described having offset dust filaments with faint tendrils.[10] The total star formation rate of the galaxy is 61.0+11.0
−12.0×1010 Mʘ and it has a supermassive black hole mass of 120.1+84.8
−52.2×107 Mʘ based on a host-fit parameter measurement by the Herschel Space Telescope.[5]

The radio structure of the galaxy is complex. When imaged with the Very Large Array (VLA) at high resolutions it has a hotspot located in the northern direction that is made up of three individual components; mainly the compact western component, a faint secondary less compact component and a diffused component. A bridge of radio emission is seen linking the hotspot and the radio lobe. The hotspot in the southern direction is also made up of various components, with a curved ridge of radio emission in the west. Low resolution imaging found a jet in the northern lobe, obscured by a high surface brightness area.[11]

Recent VLA observations made in 2014 have described the lobes as asymmetrically placed. When observed, the northern lobe is found to have a series of features on its northern edge with an edged hotspot. The southern lobe imaged at 0.33 arcsecond resolution on the other hand, has flat edges with a recessed hotspot feature.[12] A binary supermassive black hole might well be present inside the galaxy.[13]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "NED Search results for 3C 173.1". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=3C+173.1&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources." (in en). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society 68: 163. Bibcode: 1962MmRAS..68..163B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1962MmRAS..68..163B/abstract. 
  3. ↑ de Vaucouleurs, A. (April 1965). "Identification of some galaxies as radio sources" (in en). The Observatory 85: 75–78. ISSN 0029-7704. Bibcode: 1965Obs....85...75D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965Obs....85...75D/abstract. 
  4. ↑ Shi, Y.; Rieke, G. H.; Hines, D. C.; Neugebauer, G.; Blaylock, M.; Rigby, J.; Egami, E.; Gordon, K. D. et al. (August 2005). "Far-Infrared Observations of Radio Quasars and FR II Radio Galaxies" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 629 (1): 88–99. doi:10.1086/431344. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2005ApJ...629...88S. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/431344/pdf. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Westhues, Christian; Haas, Martin; Barthel, Peter; Wilkes, Belinda J.; Willner, S. P; Kuraszkiewicz, Joanna; Podigachoski, Pece; Leipski, Christian et al. (2016-04-20). "STAR FORMATION IN 3CR RADIO GALAXIES AND QUASARS AT z < 1*". The Astronomical Journal 151 (5): 120. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/120. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2016AJ....151..120W. 
  6. ↑ Saripalli, Lakshmi; Subrahmanyan, Ravi (2009-03-30). "The Genesis of Morphologies in Extended Radio Sources: X-Shapes, Off-Axis Distortions, and Giant Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal 695 (1): 156–170. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/695/1/156. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695..156S. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/156. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro et al. (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 164 (2): 307–333. doi:10.1086/504480. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2006ApJS..164..307M. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/504480/pdf. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 de Koff, Sigrid; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William B.; Biretta, John; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; McCarthy, Patrick; Miley, George K. (December 1996). "HST Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. I. Intermediate Redshifts". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 107 (2): 621–660. doi:10.1086/192376. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1996ApJS..107..621D. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/192376/pdf. 
  9. ↑ de Koff, Sigrid; Best, Philip; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William; Rottgering, Huub; Miley, George; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando et al. (July 2000). "The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 129 (1): 33–59. doi:10.1086/313402. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2000ApJS..129...33D. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313402/fulltext/. 
  10. ↑ Tremblay, G. R.; Chiaberge, M.; Donzelli, C. J.; Quillen, A. C.; Capetti, A.; Sparks, W. B.; Macchetto, F. D. (September 2007). "Isophotal Structure and Dust Distribution in Radio-loud Elliptical Galaxies" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 666 (1): 109–121. doi:10.1086/520333. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...666..109T. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/520333/pdf. 
  11. ↑ Hardcastle, M. J.; Alexander, P.; Pooley, G. G.; Riley, J. M. (1997-07-11). "High-resolution observations at 3.6 cm of seventeen FR II radio galaxies with 0.15 <z< 0.30". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 288 (4): 859–890. doi:10.1093/mnras/288.4.859. ISSN 0035-8711. https://watermark02.silverchair.com/288-4-859.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1kwggNVBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNGMIIDQgIBADCCAzsGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM6d9aqg7zT0kPvP16AgEQgIIDDNZabvY6nqk2fDOu0-eOIsxIgSkE6W5SE1qrGlHuEACXu7r3Ld5IUxeN4N-FvHQXmrw9HDUUkEA-Dd0JRGSaGxUIpIrg5M4gotzYQaBQTXdneZg5gDop8VTJGXeyHeu2LUUn9pXmpMEtdGW2wItYhlqPa2-lfqrl0t0BAKvEZn-jzstM0icMfZw_20jvAYAjmlEJp1zaqgv3PzSI0CESKbRZ5CicV3P5b5IGzMiSNqg9mj6j4w9hOEGLeIYtVQ7u5xqmbhmKBuqzAfS_EUBWngyZMuvF6G7aYQreuSLXlQnpjlKX-ANJr0jOYOjVdSyB9Lu7H19KyybCSRHSPg6Jme35EOHIUPgIfzrlUcYsaDSTtrje_o1Fus0hWad_-2EJ7WFygQzqp9JdAIwEn1OifaqCovwMVOCjzu0jlbTpw2uHZJ799ZmBMYVTA7HgoRNzj2AEBgUZ3UTfeyIENt4WU7KzWcz0rj6dpXASxl5EKQHrfH4Y3VW1YtP2dnYVyeoolhDscAv1lI3ft6WMVod2SX_4dIiob3TFer0HZE0XLSuMsBrkvjpSz3PfxbUrBdC0zTIA8c_UYg3i6nicGmhDcclKzUIAJwzP9do2CMXmOVlQLgvtydcH7ejVf9ZKLFfqxoUFzqpon2GPqNShfUdn54szy_0m671A_WEEz9pBb2TUC-zr2lzzCrFPnRuCxz5CY2H-6BIDB2xEkSnHWrQDXZpBnKFfRhcn7lnqsnHDKk0vgiQBBOe02_VmtVFdrEvts07DzdgKStng-txqc6s5N1sbUGg00QVeFxH2HGux-Jf8VS5eNpA4b3ujpGlkLw3B3hfb47Rp_NSSCockw_WdSV0Uexd8yTaAvwuurd4Y5-iC7jHOvxDozaaTF7yXT1rdhwb3kr_GOrJ3qbB3UIYL-LrXYp-pI8CnCT8kcXz8arwcvjH-uQLP4rA_CQKmfdNE8yShIthVR6YjBwvJ-ZimCRY1CZheSNz0ySfZTxQYa0dvH6f8aw1P_gJoiJu8ITlDRIJjT3O8RR7ENtKxUQ. 
  12. ↑ Fernini, Ilias (2014-05-15). "VERY LARGE ARRAY IMAGES AT 8.4 GHz OF 40 FANAROFF–RILEY II 3CR RADIO SOURCES WITH 0.1 < z < 2.0". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 212 (2): 19. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/212/2/19. Bibcode: 2014ApJS..212...19F. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0067-0049/212/2/19#apjs494275s3. 
  13. ↑ Krause, Martin G H; Shabala, Stanislav S; Hardcastle, Martin J; Bicknell, Geoffrey V; Böhringer, Hans; Chon, Gayoung; Nawaz, Mohammad A; Sarzi, Marc et al. (2018-09-21). "How frequent are close supermassive binary black holes in powerful jet sources?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 482 (1): 240–261. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2558. ISSN 0035-8711. 



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