Astronomy:List of multiplanetary systems

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Short description: List of systems with multiple planets


Number of extrasolar planet discoveries per year through 2023. Colors indicate method of detection.

From the total of 3,090 stars known to have exoplanets (as of 1 January 2020), there are a total of 676 known multiplanetary systems,[1] or stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond the Solar System. This list includes systems with at least three confirmed planets, or two confirmed planets where additional candidates have been proposed. The stars with the most confirmed planets are the Sun (the Solar System's star) and Kepler-90, with eight confirmed planets each, followed by TRAPPIST-1 with seven planets.

The multiplanetary systems are listed below according to the star's distance from Earth. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System, has at least two planets (the confirmed b, d and the disputed c[2]). The nearest system with four or more confirmed planets is Barnard Star, with four known.[3] The farthest confirmed system with two or more planets is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13,300 light-years (4,100 pc) away.[4]

The table below contains information about the coordinates, spectral and physical properties, and the number of confirmed (unconfirmed) planets for systems with at least two planets and one not confirmed. The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because they determine how these planetary systems form. Systems with higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets. However, although low metallicity stars tend to have fewer massive planets, particularly hot-Jupiters, they also tend to have a larger number of close-in planets, orbiting at less than one AU.[5]

Multiplanetary systems

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Color indicates number of planets
2 (x) 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Stars orbited by both planets and brown dwarfs

These are stars orbited by objects on both sides of the ~13 Jupiter mass dividing line.

See also

For links to specific lists of exoplanets see:

Online archives:


Notes

References

  1. ↑ Schneider, Jean (6 December 2016). "Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/. Retrieved 2016-12-06. 
  2. ↑ Artigau, Étienne; Cadieux, Charles; Cook, Neil J.; Doyon, René; Vandal, Thomas et al. (June 23, 2022). "Line-by-line velocity measurements, an outlier-resistant method for precision velocimetry". The Astronomical Journal 164:84 (3): 18pp. August 8, 2022. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce6. Bibcode: 2022AJ....164...84A. 
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Basant2025
  4. ↑ Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Bennett, D. P.; Batista, Virginie; Fukui, A. (January 2016). "Revisiting the microlensing event OGLE 2012-BLG-0026: A solar mass star with two cold giant planets". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290028818. 
  5. ↑ Brewer, John M.; Wang, Songhu; Fischer, Debra A.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel (2018-10-24). "Compact multi-planet systems are more common around metal poor hosts". The Astrophysical Journal 867 (1): L3. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aae710. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...867L...3B. 
  6. ↑ Mugrauer, M. et al. (2006). "HD 3651 B: the first directly imaged brown dwarf companion of an exoplanet host star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 373 (1): L31–L35. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00237.x. Bibcode: 2006MNRAS.373L..31M. 
  7. ↑ Marcy, Geoffrey W. et al. (1999). "Two New Planets in Eccentric Orbits". The Astrophysical Journal 520 (1): 239–247. doi:10.1086/307451. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...520..239M. 
  8. ↑ Marcy, Geoffrey W. et al. (2001). "Two Substellar Companions Orbiting HD 168443". The Astrophysical Journal 555 (1): 418–425. doi:10.1086/321445. Bibcode: 2001ApJ...555..418M. 
  9. ↑ Cheetham, A. et al. (June 2018). "Direct imaging of an ultracool substellar companion to the exoplanet host star HD 4113 A". Astronomy & Astrophysics 614: 19. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630136. A16. Bibcode: 2018A&A...614A..16C. 
  10. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Tuomi, Mikko; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Chanamé, Julio; Butler, Paul R.; Janson, Markus (14 October 2019), "Detection of the nearest Jupiter analog in radial velocity and astrometry data", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490 (4): 5002–5016, doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2912, Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.490.5002F 
  11. ↑ Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; McCaughrean, Mark (2003-01-13). "Discovery of Nearest Known Brown Dwarf: Bright Southern Star Epsilon Indi Has Cool, Substellar Companion". European Southern Observatory. http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2003/pr-01-03.html. 
  12. ↑ Scholz, R.-D.; McCaughrean, M. J.; Lodieu, N.; Kuhlbrodt, B. (February 2003). "ε Indi B: A new benchmark T dwarf". Astronomy and Astrophysics 398 (3): L29–L33. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021847. Bibcode: 2003A&A...398L..29S. 
  13. ↑ Butler, R. P. et al. (2006). "Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal 646 (1): 505–522. doi:10.1086/504701. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...646..505B. 
  14. ↑ Feng, Fabo et al. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 (21): 21. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F. 
  15. ↑ Hatzes, Artie P. et al. (2022). "A Radial Velocity Study of the Planetary System of π Mensae: Improved Planet Parameters for π Mensae c and a Third Planet on a 125 Day Orbit". The Astronomical Journal 163 (5): 223. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5dcb. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..223H. 
  16. ↑ Fischer, Debra A. et al. (2003). "A Planetary Companion to HD 40979 and Additional Planets Orbiting HD 12661 and HD 38529". The Astrophysical Journal 586 (2): 1394–1408. doi:10.1086/367889. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...586.1394F. 
  17. ↑ Khandelwal, Akanksha; Sharma, Rishikesh; Chakraborty, Abhijit; Chaturvedi, Priyanka; Ulmer-Moll, Solène; Ciardi, David R.; Boyle, Andrew W.; Baliwal, Sanjay et al. (2023-04-01). "Discovery of a massive giant planet with extreme density around the sub-giant star TOI-4603" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 672: L7. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245608. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...672L...7K. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2023/04/aa45608-22/aa45608-22.html. Retrieved 2023-12-15. 
  18. ↑ Zhang, Keming et al. (September 2024). "An Earth-mass planet and a brown dwarf in orbit around a white dwarf". Nature Astronomy 8 (12): 1575–1582. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02375-9. Bibcode: 2024NatAs...8.1575Z. 
  19. ↑ Han, Cheongho; Udalski, Andrzej; Lee, Chung-Uk; Ryu, Yoon-Hyun; Albrow, Michael D.; Chung, Sun-Ju; Gould, Andrew; Hwang, Kyu-Ha et al. (2025-07-09). "KMT-2024-BLG-0404L: A triple microlensing system consisting of a star, a brown dwarf, and a planet". Astronomy and Astrophysics 700: A181. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452760. Bibcode: 2025A&A...700A.181H. 



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