Chemistry:Chromium nitride

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Chromium nitride
Chromium nitride
Names
IUPAC name
Chromium nitride
Other names
Chromium(III) nitride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 246-016-3
UNII
Properties
CrN
Molar mass 66.003 g/mol
Appearance Black powder
Density 5.9 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point 1770 ˚C (decomp.)[2]
Insoluble[3]
Thermochemistry
37.75 J K−1 mol−1 [4]
−117.15 kJ/mol [4]
Hazards
Flash point Non-flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1 mg/m3[5]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3[5]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 250 mg/m3[5]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Dichromium nitride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium and nitrogen with the formula CrN. It is very hard, and is extremely resistant to corrosion. It is an interstitial compound, with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice:[2] as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N3−). Chromium forms a second interstitial nitride, dichromium nitride, Cr2N.

Synthesis

Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C:

2 Cr + N2 → 2 CrN

It can also synthesize by Physical Vapour Deposition technique such as Cathodic arc deposition.

Applications

CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications.[6] CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools.[7]

Magnetism

The fundamental materials physics of CrN, giving rise to its favorable properties, has been debated recently in high-profile scientific journals such as Nature Materials.[8][9] In particular, the importance of magnetism in both the low temperature and the high temperature phases has been demonstrated by means of quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic structure of the compound.[10][11][12]

Natural occurrence

Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Chromium(III) nitride at webelements.com
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=OezvAAAAMAAJ&q=0-08-022057-6&dq=0-08-022057-6&source=bl&ots=m4tIRxdwSk&sig=XQTTjw5EN9n5z62JB3d0vaUEn0Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UoAWUN7-EM6ziQfyxIDoCQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBA. 
  3. ↑ http://www.alfa-chemcat.com/daten_msds/D/12149_-_D.pdf[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NIST Chemistry Webbook
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0141". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0141.html. 
  6. ↑ Vetter, J. (1995). "Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application". Surface and Coatings Technology (Elsevier BV) 76-77: 719–724. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9. ISSN 0257-8972. 
  7. ↑ Reiter, A.E.; Derflinger, V.H.; Hanselmann, B.; Bachmann, T.; Sartory, B. (2005). "Investigation of the properties of Al1−xCrxN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation". Surface and Coatings Technology (Elsevier BV) 200 (7): 2114–2122. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043. ISSN 0257-8972. 
  8. ↑ Rivadulla, Francisco; Bañobre-López, Manuel; Quintela, Camilo X.; Piñeiro, Alberto; Pardo, Victor et al. (2009-10-25). "Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN". Nature Materials (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 8 (12): 947–951. doi:10.1038/nmat2549. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 19855384. Bibcode: 2009NatMa...8..947R. 
  9. ↑ Alling, Björn; Marten, Tobias; Abrikosov, Igor A. (2010). "Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN". Nature Materials (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 9 (4): 283–284. doi:10.1038/nmat2722. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 20332781. Bibcode: 2010NatMa...9..283A. 
  10. ↑ Filippetti, Alessio; Hill, Nicola A. (2000-12-11). "Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN". Physical Review Letters (American Physical Society (APS)) 85 (24): 5166–5169. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.5166. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11102212. Bibcode: 2000PhRvL..85.5166F. 
  11. ↑ Herwadkar, Aditi; Lambrecht, Walter R. L. (2009-01-29). "Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator". Physical Review B (American Physical Society (APS)) 79 (3): 035125. doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.035125. ISSN 1098-0121. Bibcode: 2009PhRvB..79c5125H. 
  12. ↑ Alling, B.; Marten, T.; Abrikosov, I. A. (2010-11-29). "Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN". Physical Review B (American Physical Society (APS)) 82 (18): 184430. doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.184430. ISSN 1098-0121. Bibcode: 2010PhRvB..82r4430A. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60439. 
  13. ↑ "Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities". http://www.mindat.org/min-904.html. 
Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitride ion
NH3 He(N2)11
Li3N Be3N2 BN β-C3N4
g-C3N4 		N2 NxOy NF3 Ne
Na3N Mg3N2 AlN Si3N4 PN
P3N5 		SxNy
SN
S4N4 		NCl3 Ar
K3N Ca3N2 ScN TiN VN CrN
Cr2N 		MnxNy FexNy CoN Ni3N CuN Zn3N2 GaN Ge3N4 As Se NBr3 Kr
Rb3N Sr3N2 YN ZrN NbN β-Mo2N Tc Ru Rh PdN Ag3N CdN InN Sn Sb Te NI3 Xe
Cs3N Ba3N2   Hf3N4 TaN WN Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg3N2 TlN Pb BiN Po At Rn
Fr3N Ra3N   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La CeN Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu GdN Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa UN Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr



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