Rectified 5-simplexes

5-simplex	Rectified 5-simplex	Birectified 5-simplex
Orthogonal projections in A5 Coxeter plane

In five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-simplex is a convex uniform 5-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 5-simplex.

There are three unique degrees of rectifications, including the zeroth, the 5-simplex itself. Vertices of the rectified 5-simplex are located at the edge-centers of the 5-simplex. Vertices of the birectified 5-simplex are located in the triangular face centers of the 5-simplex.

Rectified 5-simplex

In five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-simplex is a uniform 5-polytope with 15 vertices, 60 edges, 80 triangular faces, 45 cells (30 tetrahedral, and 15 octahedral), and 12 4-faces (6 5-cell and 6 rectified 5-cells). It is also called 0_3,1 for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as .

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S15.

Alternate names

• Rectified hexateron (Acronym: rix) (Jonathan Bowers)

The vertices of the rectified 5-simplex can be more simply positioned on a hyperplane in 6-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,1,1) or (0,0,1,1,1,1). These construction can be seen as facets of the rectified 6-orthoplex or birectified 6-cube respectively.

As a configuration

This configuration matrix represents the rectified 5-simplex. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells and 4-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole rectified 5-simplex. The nondiagonal numbers say how many of the column's element occur in or at the row's element.

The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived through the Wythoff construction, dividing the full group order of a subgroup order by removing one mirror at a time.

A5		k-face	fk	f0	f1	f2		f3		f4		k-figure	notes
A3A1		( )	f0	15	8	4	12	6	8	4	2	{3,3}×{ }	A5/A3A1 = 6!/4!/2 = 15
A2A1		{ }	f1	2	60	1	3	3	3	3	1	{3}∨( )	A5/A2A1 = 6!/3!/2 = 60
A2A2		r{3}	f2	3	3	20	*	3	0	3	0	{3}	A5/A2A2 = 6!/3!/3! =20
A2A1		{3}		3	3	*	60	1	2	2	1	{ }×( )	A5/A2A1 = 6!/3!/2 = 60
A3A1		r{3,3}	f3	6	12	4	4	15	*	2	0	{ }	A5/A3A1 = 6!/4!/2 = 15
A3		{3,3}		4	6	0	4	*	30	1	1		A5/A3 = 6!/4! = 30
A4		r{3,3,3}	f4	10	30	10	20	5	5	6	*	( )	A5/A4 = 6!/5! = 6
A4		{3,3,3}		5	10	0	10	0	5	*	6		A5/A4 = 6!/5! = 6

Images

Stereographic projection

Stereographic projection of spherical form

orthographic projections

Ak Coxeter plane	A5	A4
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[6]	[5]
Ak Coxeter plane	A3	A2
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[4]	[3]

Related polytopes

The rectified 5-simplex, 0₃₁, is second in a dimensional series of uniform polytopes, expressed by Coxeter as 1_3k series. The fifth figure is a Euclidean honeycomb, 3₃₁, and the final is a noncompact hyperbolic honeycomb, 4₃₁. Each progressive uniform polytope is constructed from the previous as its vertex figure.

Birectified 5-simplex

The birectified 5-simplex is isotopic, with all 12 of its facets as rectified 5-cells. It has 20 vertices, 90 edges, 120 triangular faces, 60 cells (30 tetrahedral, and 30 octahedral).

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S25.

It is also called 0_2,2 for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as . It is seen in the vertex figure of the 6-dimensional 1₂₂, .

Alternate names

• Birectified hexateron
• dodecateron (Acronym: dot) (For 12-facetted polyteron) (Jonathan Bowers)

Construction

The elements of the regular polytopes can be expressed in a configuration matrix. Rows and columns reference vertices, edges, faces, and cells, with diagonal element their counts (f-vectors). The nondiagonal elements represent the number of row elements are incident to the column element.

The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived through the Wythoff construction, dividing the full group order of a subgroup order by removing one mirror at a time.

A5		k-face	fk	f0	f1	f2		f3			f4		k-figure	notes
A2A2		( )	f0	20	9	9	9	3	9	3	3	3	{3}×{3}	A5/A2A2 = 6!/3!/3! = 20
A1A1A1		{ }	f1	2	90	2	2	1	4	1	2	2	{ }∨{ }	A5/A1A1A1 = 6!/2/2/2 = 90
A2A1		{3}	f2	3	3	60	*	1	2	0	2	1	{ }∨( )	A5/A2A1 = 6!/3!/2 = 60
A2A1				3	3	*	60	0	2	1	1	2
A3A1		{3,3}	f3	4	6	4	0	15	*	*	2	0	{ }	A5/A3A1 = 6!/4!/2 = 15
A3		r{3,3}		6	12	4	4	*	30	*	1	1		A5/A3 = 6!/4! = 30
A3A1		{3,3}		4	6	0	4	*	*	15	0	2		A5/A3A1 = 6!/4!/2 = 15
A4		r{3,3,3}	f4	10	30	20	10	5	5	0	6	*	( )	A5/A4 = 6!/5! = 6
A4				10	30	10	20	0	5	5	*	6

Images

The A5 projection has an identical appearance to Metatron's Cube.

Intersection of two 5-simplices

Stereographic projection

The birectified 5-simplex is the intersection of two regular 5-simplexes in dual configuration. The vertices of a birectification exist at the center of the faces of the original polytope(s). This intersection is analogous to the 3D stellated octahedron, seen as a compound of two regular tetrahedra and intersected in a central octahedron, while that is a first rectification where vertices are at the center of the original edges.

Dual 5-simplexes (red and blue), and their birectified 5-simplex intersection in green, viewed in A5 and A4 Coxeter planes. The simplexes overlap in the A5 projection and are drawn in magenta.

It is also the intersection of a 6-cube with the hyperplane that bisects the 6-cube's long diagonal orthogonally. In this sense it is the 5-dimensional analog of the regular hexagon, octahedron, and bitruncated 5-cell. This characterization yields simple coordinates for the vertices of a birectified 5-simplex in 6-space: the 20 distinct permutations of (1,1,1,−1,−1,−1).

The vertices of the birectified 5-simplex can also be positioned on a hyperplane in 6-space as permutations of (0,0,0,1,1,1). This construction can be seen as facets of the birectified 6-orthoplex.

Related polytopes

k_22 polytopes

The birectified 5-simplex, 0₂₂, is second in a dimensional series of uniform polytopes, expressed by Coxeter as k₂₂ series. The birectified 5-simplex is the vertex figure for the third, the 1₂₂. The fourth figure is a Euclidean honeycomb, 2₂₂, and the final is a noncompact hyperbolic honeycomb, 3₂₂. Each progressive uniform polytope is constructed from the previous as its vertex figure.

Related uniform 5-polytopes

This polytope is the vertex figure of the 6-demicube, and the edge figure of the uniform 2₃₁ polytope.

It is also one of 19 uniform polytera based on the [3,3,3,3] Coxeter group, all shown here in A₅ Coxeter plane orthographic projections. (Vertices are colored by projection overlap order, red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple having progressively more vertices)

References

• H.S.M. Coxeter:
  • H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
  • Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6 [1]
    • (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10]
    • (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
    • (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
• Norman Johnson Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript (1991)
  • N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D.
• Klitzing, Richard. "5D uniform polytopes (polytera)". https://bendwavy.org/klitzing/dimensions/polytera.htm.  o3x3o3o3o - rix, o3o3x3o3o - dot

External links

• Glossary for hyperspace, George Olshevsky.
• Polytopes of Various Dimensions, Jonathan Bowers
  • Rectified uniform polytera (Rix), Jonathan Bowers
• Multi-dimensional Glossary