Chemistry:Chlorine azide
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Chlorine azide
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| ClN 3 | |||
| Molar mass | 77.4731 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Yellow-orange liquid; colorless gas | ||
| Melting point | −100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) | ||
| Solubility | Soluble in butane, pentane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in water | ||
| Structure | |||
| orthorhombic | |||
| Cmc 21, No. 36[1] | |||
| Explosive data | |||
| Shock sensitivity | Extreme | ||
| Friction sensitivity | Extreme | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | Extremely sensitive explosive | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Hydrazoic acid Fluorine azide Bromine azide Iodine azide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |||
Chlorine azide (ClN
3) is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig.[2]
Concentrated ClN
3 is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.[3]
Preparation and reactions
Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.[4]
Chlorine azide further reacts with silver azide to produce a very unstable allotrope of nitrogen, hexanitrogen (N6), which decomposes to dinitrogen above 80 K (−193.2 °C; −315.7 °F).[5]
Explosive characteristics
Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.[6]
Regulatory information
Its shipment is subject to strict reporting requirements and regulations by the US Department of Transportation.
References
- ↑ Lyhs, Benjamin; Bläser, Dieter; Wölper, Christoph; Schulz, Stephan; Jansen, Georg (2012). "A Comparison of the Solid-State Structures of Halogen Azides XN3 (X=Cl, Br, I)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51 (51): 12859–12863. doi:10.1002/anie.201206028. PMID 23143850. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anie.201206028.
- ↑ Frierson, W. J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide. II. Interaction of Chlorine Azide and Silver Azide. Azino Silver Chloride, N3AgCl". Journal of the American Chemical Society 65 (9): 1698–1700. doi:10.1021/ja01249a013. Bibcode: 1943JAChS..65.1698F.
- ↑ Frierson, W. J.; Kronrad, J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide, ClN3. I.". Journal of the American Chemical Society 65 (9): 1696–1698. doi:10.1021/ja01249a012. Bibcode: 1943JAChS..65.1696F.
- ↑ Raschig, F. (1908). "Über Chlorazid N3Cl". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 41 (3): 4194–4195. doi:10.1002/cber.190804103130. https://zenodo.org/record/1426305.
- ↑ Qian, Weiyu; Mardyukov, Artur; Schreiner, Peter R. (2025). "Preparation of a neutral nitrogen allotrope hexanitrogen C2h-N6". Nature 642 (8067): 356–360. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09032-9. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 40500322.
- ↑ CID 61708 from PubChem
External links
Salts and covalent derivatives of the azide ion
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| HN3 | He | ||||||||||||||||||
| LiN3 | Be(N3)2 | B(N3)3 | CH3N3, C(N3)4 |
N(N3)3,H2N—N3 | O | FN3 | Ne | ||||||||||||
| NaN3 | Mg(N3)2 | Al(N3)3 | Si(N3)4 | P | SO2(N3)2 | ClN3 | Ar | ||||||||||||
| KN3 | Ca(N3)2 | Sc(N3)3 | Ti(N3)4 | VO(N3)3 | Cr(N3)3, CrO2(N3)2 |
Mn(N3)2 | Fe(N3)3 | Co(N3)2, Co(N3)3 |
Ni(N3)2 | CuN3, Cu(N3)2 |
Zn(N3)2 | Ga(N3)3 | Ge | As | Se(N3)4 | BrN3 | Kr | ||
| RbN3 | Sr(N3)2 | Y | Zr(N3)4 | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru(N3)63− | Rh(N3)63− | Pd(N3)2 | AgN3 | Cd(N3)2 | In | Sn | Sb | Te | IN3 | Xe(N3)2 | ||
| CsN3 | Ba(N3)2 | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir(N3)63− | Pt(N3)62− | Au(N3)4− | Hg2(N3)2, Hg(N3)2 |
TlN3 | Pb(N3)2 | Bi(N3)3 |
Po | At | Rn | |||
| Fr | Ra(N3)2 | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |||
| ↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
| La | Ce(N3)3, Ce(N3)4 |
Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd(N3)3 | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||||
| Ac | Th | Pa | UO2(N3)2 | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||||
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