Chemistry:Hydronium perchlorate
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Other names
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| [H 3O]ClO 4 | |||
| Molar mass | 118.47 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless solid | ||
| Density | 1.96 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | 45 °C (113 °F; 318 K) | ||
| Structure[1] | |||
| Orthorhombic | |||
| Pnma | |||
a = 9.2343 Å, b = 5.8178 Å, c = 7.4606 Å
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| Related compounds | |||
Other anions
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Hydronium chloride | ||
Other cations
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Perchloric acid | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
| Infobox references | |||
Hydronium perchlorate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula [[[Chemistry:Hydrogen|H]]
3O]ClO
4. It is an unusual salt due to it being a solid and stable hydronium salt. It consists of hydronium cations [H
3O]+
and perchlorate anions ClO−
4.
Production
Hydronium perchlorate is produced by the reaction of anhydrous perchloric acid and water in a 1:1 molar ratio:[2]
- HClO
4 + H
2O → [H
3O]+
ClO−
4
A more analytically reliable method was reported using the macrocyclic Schiff base of sodium 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenolate and 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol as a chelating agent to sequester Cu(II): transmetallation of the macrocycle with copper(II) perchlorate yielded colorless crystals of hydronium perchlorate.[1]
It can also be produced by the reaction of anhydrous nitric acid and perchloric acid.[3][clarification needed]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Azhar A Rahman; Anwar Usman; Suchada Chantrapromma; Hoong-Kun Fun (2003). "Redetermination of hydronium perchlorate at 193 and 293 K" (in en). Acta Crystallographica C 59 (Pt 9): i92-4. doi:10.1107/s0108270103010461. PMID 12944636. Bibcode: 2003AcCrC..59I..92R.
- ↑ C. E. Nordman (1962). "The crystal structure of hydronium perchlorate at -80°C" (in en). Acta Crystallographica 15 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62000055. Bibcode: 1962AcCry..15...18N.
- ↑ Kenneth Schofield (1980). "3" (in en). Aromatic nitration. Cambridge University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780521233620.
Compounds containing perchlorate group
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| HClO4 | He | ||||||||||||||||||
| LiClO4 | Be(ClO4)2 | B(ClO4)−4 B(ClO4)3 |
ROClO3 | N(ClO4)3 NH4ClO4 NOClO4 |
O | FClO4 | Ne | ||||||||||||
| NaClO4 | Mg(ClO4)2 | Al(ClO4)3 | Si | P | S | ClO−4 ClOClO3 Cl2O7 |
Ar | ||||||||||||
| KClO4 | Ca(ClO4)2 | Sc(ClO4)3 | Ti(ClO4)4 | VO(ClO4)3 VO2(ClO4) |
Cr(ClO4)3 | Mn(ClO4)2 | Fe(ClO4)3 | Co(ClO4)2, Co(ClO4)3 |
Ni(ClO4)2 | Cu(ClO4)2 | Zn(ClO4)2 | Ga(ClO4)3 | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | ||
| RbClO4 | Sr(ClO4)2 | Y(ClO4)3 | Zr(ClO4)4 | Nb(ClO5)4 | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh(ClO4)3 | Pd(ClO4)2 | AgClO4 | Cd(ClO4)2 | In(ClO4)3 | Sn(ClO4)4 | Sb | TeO(ClO4)2 | I | Xe | ||
| CsClO4 | Ba(ClO4)2 | Hf(ClO4)4 | Ta(ClO5)5 | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg2(ClO4)2, Hg(ClO4)2 |
Tl(ClO4)3 | Pb(ClO4)2 | Bi(ClO4)3 | Po | At | Rn | |||
| FrClO4 | Ra | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |||
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| La | Ce(ClO4)x | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm(ClO4)3 | Eu(ClO4)3 | Gd(ClO4)3 | Tb(ClO4)3 | Dy(ClO4)3 | Ho(ClO4)3 | Er(ClO4)3 | Tm(ClO4)3 | Yb(ClO4)3 | Lu(ClO4)3 | |||||
| Ac | Th(ClO4)4 | Pa | UO2(ClO4)2 | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||||
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