Help:IPA/Norwegian
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Short description: Wikipedia key to pronunciation
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Norwegian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Norwegian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or its value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. |
The chart below shows how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Norwegian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-no}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The accent that has been used here as a model is Urban East Norwegian, which is an unofficial pronunciation standard of Bokmål that is spoken in the Oslo region and most commonly taught to foreigners.
See also Norwegian phonology and Norwegian orthography § Sound to spelling correspondences for more details about pronunciation of Norwegian.
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Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs, and clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R [ʁ], such as Southern and Western Norwegian dialects, they are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt].
- ↑ /r/ varies considerably in different dialects: it is alveolar (tapped or trilled) in some dialects and uvular in others.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: /eː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æː] and [æ].
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 [ɔ, oː, œ, øː, ʏ, yː, ɔʏ, œʏ] are protruded vowels, while [ʉ, ʉː, ʊ, uː] (including the [ʉ] element in [æʉ] and [ʉɪ]) are compressed.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The distinction between compressed [ʉ] and protruded [y] is particularly difficult to hear for non-native speakers: Similarly,
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 [ɑɪ, ɛɪ, ɔʏ] appear only in loanwords. [ɛɪ] is used only by some younger speakers, who contrast it with [æɪ]; speakers who do not have [ɛɪ] in their diphthong inventory replace it with [æɪ] (Kristoffersen (2000:19)).
- ↑ [ʉɪ] appears only in the word hui (Kristoffersen (2000:19)).
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Some accents have a simple primary stress rather than a contrastive pitch accent. In those accents, bønder (meaning 'farmers') and bønner (meaning 'beans') are pronounced exactly the same.
References
- Berulfsen, Bjarne (1969) (in Norwegian), Norsk Uttaleordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co (W Nygaard)
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
- Kvifte, Bjørn; Gude-Husken, Verena (2005), Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache (3rd ed.), Gottfried Egert Verlag, ISBN 3-926972-54-8
- Skaug, Ingebjørg (2003) (in Norwegian), Norsk språklydlære med øvelser (3rd ed.), Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag AS, ISBN 82-456-0178-0
- Vanvik, Arne (1979) (in Norwegian), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 82-990584-0-6
- Vanvik, Arne (1985), Norsk Uttaleordbok: A Norwegian pronouncing dictionary, Oslo: Fonetisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 978-8299058414
External links
- "Lexin". Uni Research Computing. http://lexin.udir.no/?&ui-lang=eng.
- "Nordavinden og sola: Opptak og transkripsjoner av norske dialekter" (in Norwegian). Trondheim: Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. http://www.hf.ntnu.no/nos/.
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